[1] Acemoglu, D. & Robinson, J.A. (2006). Economic backwardness in political perspective. American Political Science Review, 100(1), PP: 115- 131.
[2] Acemoglu, D., & Robinson J. A. (2008). The persistence and change of institutions in the Americas. Southern Economic Journal, 75(2), 282- 301.
[3] Acs, Z.J. & Szerb, L. (2007). Entrepreneurship, economic growth and public policy, Small business economics. 28(2- 3), 109- 122.
[4] Acs, Z.J., Desai, S. & Hessels, J. (2008a). Entrepreneurship, economic development and institutions, Small Business Economics. 31(3), 219- 234.
[5] Aidis, R., Estrin, S. & Mickiewicz, T. (2008). Institutions and entrepreneurship development in Russia: A comparative perspective, Journal of Business Venturing. 23(6), 656- 672.
[6] Aidis, R., Estrin, S. & Mickiewicz, T.M. (2012). Size matters: entrepreneurial entry and government, Small Business Economics. 39(1), 119- 139.
[7] Aidt, T.S. (2009). Corruption, institutions, and economic development, Oxford Review of Economic Policy. 25(2), 271- 291.
[8] Álvarez, C. & Urbano, D. (2011). Environmental factors and entrepreneurial activity in Latin America, Academia. Revista Latinoamericana de Administración. 48, 31- 45.
[9] Álvarez, C., Urbano, D. & Amorós, J.E. (2014). GEM research: achievements and challenges, Small BusinessEconomics. 42(3), 445- 465.
[10] Anokhin, S. & Schulze, W.S. (2009). Entrepreneurship, innovation, and corruption. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 465- 476.
[11] Aparicio, S., Urbano, D. & Audretsch, D. (2016). Institutional factors, opportunity entrepreneurship and economic growth: Panel data evidence, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 102(C), 45- 61.
[12] Aslasksen, S, (2010). Oil and Democracy- More than a Cross- Country Correlation?, Journal of Peace Research, Vol 47(4), 421- 431.
[13] Audretsch, D. B., Bönte, W., & Keilbach, M. (2008). Entrepreneurship capital and its impact on knowledge diffusion and economic performance. Journal of business venturing, Vol. 23 No. 6, pp. 687- 698.
[14] Audretsch, D.B. & Belitski, M. (2016). Entrepreneurial ecosystems in cities: establishing the framework conditions. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(5), 1030- 1051.
[15] Autio, E. & Acs, Z. (2011). Intellectual property protection and the formation of entrepreneurial growth aspirations. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 4(3), 234- 251.
[16] Avnimelech, G., Zelekha, Y. & Sharabi, E. (2014). The effect of corruption on entrepreneurship in developed vs non- developed countries. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 20(3), 237- 262.
[17] Baumol, W.J. (1990). Entrepreneurship: Productive, unproductive, and destructive, Journal of Political Economy. 98(5, Part 1), 893- 921.
[18] Baumol, W.J. & Strom, R.J. (2007). Entrepreneurship and economic growth, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal. 1(3‐4), 233- 237.
[19] Bjørnskov, C. & Foss, N. (2013). How strategic entrepreneurship and the institutional context drive economic growth. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 7(1), 50- 69.
[20] Bjørnskov, C., and Foss, N. J. (2016). Institutions, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Growth: What Do We Know and What Do We Still Need to Know?, The Academy of Management Perspectives, Vol. 30 No. 3,pp. 292- 315.
[21] Boettke, P.J. and Coyne, C.J. (2009). Context matters: institutions and entrepreneurship. Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship, 5(3), 135- 209.
[22] Bowen, H.P. & De Clercq, D. (2008). Institutional context and the allocation of entrepreneurial efforts. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(4), 747- 767.
[23] Bruton, G.D., Ahlstrom, D. & Obloj, K. (2008). Entrepreneurship in emerging economies: Where are we today and where should the research go in the future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(1), 1- 14.
[24] Castaño, M.S., Méndez, M.T. & Galindo, M.Á. (2015). The effect of social, cultural, and economic factors on entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Research, 68(7), 1496- 1500.
[25] Chang, C. P. & Hao, Y. (2017). Environmental performance, corruption and economic growth: global evidence using a new data set.. Applied Economics,49 (5 ),498 - 514 .
[26] Chowdhury, F., Audretsch, D. B., & Belitski, M.(2015). Does corruption matter for international entrepreneurship? International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(4), 959- 980.
[27] Chowdhury, F., Audretsch, D. B., & Belitski, M. (2019). Institutions and Entrepreneurship Quality, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. journals.sagepub.com/home/etp,Vol. 43(1) 51–81.
[28] De Clercq, D., Danis, W.M. & Dakhli, M. (2010). The moderating effect of institutional context on the relationship between associational activity and new business activity in emerging economies. International Business Review, 19(1), 85- 101.
[29] Doing business. (2004). Understanding regulations. The World Bank, Washington DC.
[30] Doing business. (2018). Reforming to create jobs. The World Bank, Washington DC.
[31] Dreher, A. & Gassebner, M. (2013). Greasing the wheels? The impact of regulations and corruption on firm entry, Public Choice, 155(3), 413- 432.
[32] Dutta, N. & Sobel, R. (2016). Does corruption ever help entrepreneurship? Small Business Economics, 47(1), 179- 199.
[33] Dvouletý, O., & Blažková, I. (2018). Entrepreneurship and Corruption: Do Corruption Perceptions Influence Regional Entrepreneurial Activity? The 12th International Days of Statistics and Economics, pp. 433- 440.
[34] Dvouletý, O. (2018). How to analyse determinants of entrepreneurship and self- employment at the country level? A methodological contribution, Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Vol. 9, pp. 92- 99.
[35] Esley,. Eberhart, b.Skousen, cJoseph. (2018). InstitutionsandEntrepreneurialActivity:TheInteractiveInfluence of Misaligned Formal and In formal Institutions. Strategy Science,vol. 3,no.2 , 393–407.
[36] El Harbi, S. & Anderson, A.R. (2010). Institutions and the shaping of different forms of entrepreneurship, The Journal of Socio- Economics, 39(3), 436- 444.
[37] Estrin, S., Korosteleva, J. & Mickiewicz, T. (2013). Which institutions encourage entrepreneurial growth aspirations? Journal of Business Venturing, 28(4), 564- 580.
[38] Fafchamps, M. Networks, (2002). communities and markets in SSA; implications for firm growth and investment. J. Afr. Econ. 2002, 10, 109–142.
[39] Fernández- Serrano, J. & Romero, I. (2014). About the interactive influence of culture and regulatory barriers on entrepreneurial activity. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 10(4), 781- 802.
[40] Festus, N., Bassey, G. E., & Uyang, F. A. (2014). Entrepreneurship, Corruption and the Challenge of Development in Nigeria. Eur. J. Bus. Soc. Sci, 3(3), 104- 112.
[41] Fuentelsaz, L., González, C., Maícas, J.P. & Montero, J. (2015). How different formal institutions affect opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 18(4), 246- 258.
[42] Fuentelsaz, L., González, C. & Maicas, J.P. (2018). Formal institutions and opportunity entrepreneurship. The contingent role of informal institutions. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 1- 20.
[43] Ghura, H., Li, X. & Harraf, A. (2017). Moderating relationship of institutions for opportunity entrepreneurship and economic development: Literature review and proposed conceptual framework. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 13(4), 350- 374.
[44] Ghura, H., Harraf, A., Li, X., & Hamdan, A. (2019). The moderating effect of corruption on the relationship between formal institutions and entrepreneurial activity. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 17- 44.
[45] Gnyawali, D.R. & Fogel, D.S. (1994). Environments for entrepreneurship development: key dimensions and research implications, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 18(4), 43- 62.
[46] Ho, Y.P. & Wong, P.K. (2007). Financing, regulatory costs and entrepreneurial propensity. Small Business Economics, 28(2- 3), 187- 204. .
[47] Kakeh baraie, E, Delangizan, S, Sohaili, K (2017). Administrative Corruption and its Impact on Entrepreneurship Velopment: Evidence From Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Institute (2011-2015), Journal of Public Organzations Management, 6(1), PP: 131 - 142. (in Persian)
[48] Klapper, L., Laeven, L. & Rajan, R. (2006). Entry regulation as a barrier to entrepreneurship. Journal of financial economics, 82(3), 591- 629.
[49] Klapper, L. & Love, I. (2010). The impact of business environment reforms on new firm registration. The World Bank, No. 5493, 1- 50.
[50] Kokkinou, A. (2005). Entrepreneurship, innovation activities and regional growth. 45th European Congress of the Regional Science Association. Aug. 23 - 27, Amsterdam.
[51] Korosteleva, J. & Mickiewicz, T. (2011). Start- up financing in the age of globalization. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 47(3), 23- 49.
[52] Krasniqi, B.A. & Desai, S. (2016). Institutional drivers of high- growth firms: country- level evidence from 26 transition economies. Small Business Economics, 47(4), 1075- 1094.
[53] La Porta, R., Lopez- de- Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (1999). Corporate ownership around the world. Journal of Finance, Vol. 54 No.2, pp. 471- 517.
[54] Leff, N. (1964). Economic development through bureaucratic corruption, American Behavioral Scientist, 8(2):8–14.
[55] Levie, J. & Autio, E. (2008). A theoretical grounding and test of the GEM model. Small Business Economics, 31(3), 235- 263.
[56] Levie, J. & Autio, E. (2011). Regulatory burden, rule of law, and entry of strategic entrepreneurs: an international panel study. Journal of Management Studies, 48(6), 1392- 1419.
[57] Manolova, T.S., Eunni, R.V. & Gyoshev, B.S. (2008). Institutional environments for entrepreneurship: evidence from emerging economies in Eastern Europe. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(1), 203- 218.
[58] Mashhadiahmad M, Oraee A. (2019). An Investigation into the Interrelationship Between Institutions and Entrepreneurship. Journal Strategic Studies of Public Policy, 9(32)، 24-43. (in Persian)
[59] Minniti, M. & Lévesque, M. (2010)- Entrepreneurial types and economic growth, Journal of Business Venturing. 25(3), 305- 314.
[60] Mohammadzadeh, Y, Hekmati Farid, S, Miraliashrafi, K. (2016). The effect of economic freedom on entrepreneurship development in selected countrie (2004-2013)s. Journal of Entrepreneurship development, Volume 9, Issue 2, pp: 357-376. (in Persian)
[61] Mo, P. H. (2001). Corruption and economic growth. Journal of comparative economics, 29(1), 66- 79.
[62] Movadati, M, Torabi, T, Mahmoudzadeh, M, Memarnejad, A. (2018). Formal and informal institutional factors oppprtunistic Entrepreneurship and economic growth the torque method was generalized. Journal of Entrepreneurship development, 11(3), pp:521-539. (in Persian)
[63] North, D.C. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
[64] North, D.C. (2005). Understanding the Process of Institutional Change. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
[65] Pathak, S., Xavier- Oliveira, E. & Laplume, A.O. (2015). Entrepreneurship in transition economies: The role of corruption and individual attributes. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 17(4), 427- 446.
[66] Payne, G.T., Moore, C.B., Bell, R.G. & Zachary, M.A. (2013). Signaling organizational virtue: an examination of virtue rhetoric, country- level corruption, and performance of foreign IPOs from emerging and developed economies. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 7(3), 230- 251.
[67] Sabahi, A, Naji Meidani, A, Soleimani, E. (2013). The Study of the Effect of Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth in Selected Countries, Journal of Economic Growth and Development Research(EGDR), 3(11), PP: 9-18. (in Persian)
[68] Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. By Joseph A.Schumpeter, Translated from the German by Redvers Opie. Harvard University Press.
[69] Shakeri, m, Jafari Samimi, A, Karimi, z. (2014).The relationship between institutional variabkes and economic growth: introducing a new institutional measure for MENA, Journal of economic growth, 3(21), pp:93-106. (in Persian)
[70] Shiravand, F, Mohammadikhayareh, M, Motahari, R, Tomaj, S. (2019). Investigating the effect of formal and informal institutional factors on Entrepreneurship and outcome on economic growth for MENA (2008-2015). Journal of Economic researches, 54(1), pp:209-233. (in Persian)
[71] Shleifer & Vishny., R.W.(1993). Corruption, National bureau of economic research. Cambridge, Working paper No. 4372 ,p,3 .
[72] Smallbone, D. & Welter, F. (2001). The distinctiveness of entrepreneurship in transition economies. Small business economics, 16(4), 249- 262.
[73] Souri, A. (2013), Advanced Econometrics. Seventh edition, farhangology publications. (in Persian)
[74] Stenholm, P., Acs, Z.J. & Wuebker, R. (2013). Exploring country- level institutional arrangements on the rate and type of entrepreneurial activity. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(1), 176- 193.
[75] Szerb, L., Rappai, G., Makra, Z. & Terjesen, S. (2007). Informal investment in transition economies: Individual characteristics and clusters. Small Business Economics, 28(23), 257- 271.
[76] Tonoyan, V., Strohmeyer, R., Habib, M. & Perlitz, M. (2010). Corruption and entrepreneurship: How formal and informal institutions shape small firm behaviour in transition and mature market economies. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(5), 803- 831.
[77] Turró, A., Urbano, D., & Peris- Ortiz, M. (2014). Culture and innovation: The moderating effect of cultural values on corporate entrepreneurship. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 88, pp. 360- 369.
[78] Urbano, D. & Alvarez, C. (2014). Institutional dimensions and entrepreneurial activity: an international study. Small Business Economics, 42(4), 703- 716.
[79] Urbano, D. Aparicio, S. & Audretsch, D. (2019). Twenty- five years of research on institutions, entrepreneurship, and economic growth: what has been learned?. Small Business Economics, 1- 2.
[80] Van Auken, H.E.& Neely, L. (1999). Obstacles to business launch, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship. 4(2), 175- 187.
[81] Williamson, O.E. (2000). The new institutional economics: taking stock, looking ahead. Journal of Economic Literature, 38(3), 595- 613.
[82] Wennekers, S., Van Wennekers, A., Thurik, R. & Reynolds, P. (2005). Nascent entrepreneurship and the level of economic development. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 293- 309.
[83] World Bank (2005- 2019). World development indicators. Washington DC: The World Bank.