پژوهش ها و چشم اندازهای اقتصادی

پژوهش ها و چشم اندازهای اقتصادی

زنجیره‌های جهانی ارزش و بهبود عملکرد زیست‌محیطی در کشورهای در حال توسعه

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی علوم اقتصادی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
2 دانشیار دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
3 دانشیار دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و سیاسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
4 دانشیار اقتصاد، پژوهشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
چکیده
امروزه همگام با افزایش ادغام‌ تجاری کشورها و گسترش پراکندگی بینالمللی تولید، زنجیره‌های جهانی ارزش (GVCs) حجم بزرگی از تجارت را به­خود اختصاص داده‌اند و مشارکت در شبکهای از شرکای تجاری در بالادست و پاییندست، زنجیره ارزش ظرفیت­های قابل­توجهی از جمله بهبود جریان ورود دانش، روش­ها و تکنولوژی­های تولید پیشرفتهتر، بویژه برای کشورهای درحال‌توسعه داشته است. از این رو، دور از انتظار نیست که GVCs و مشارکت در آن از منظر زیستمحیطی نیز برای کشورها دارای ظرفیت­های بالقوه مفید باشد. در همین راستا، تحقیق حاضر به مطالعه نقش GVCs در عملکرد زیستمحیطی کشورها پرداخته است. به این منظور، با استفاده از نمونهای شامل ۶۵ کشور درحالتوسعه و ۳۶ کشور توسعهیافته و به­روش اقتصادسنجی دادههای تابلویی فضایی، خودهمبستگی فضایی، همگرایی شرطی و اثرات مستقیم و سرریز مشارکت در GVCs برای کشورها در قالب تجارت دوجانبه ارزشافزوده جنوب - جنوب، شمال- جنوب و شمال- شمال برآورد شده است. نتایج تحقیق، نشان میدهد که برای تمام کشورها، همگرایی شرطی و خودهمبستگی فضایی مبتنی بر GVCs وجود دارد، اگرچه برای تجارت شمال- شمال کشورهای توسعهیافته با شدت بیشتری برقرار است. همچنین مطابق برآوردها، مشارکت در GVCs در صورتی که تجارت دوجانبه ارزشافزوده شامل کشورهای توسعهیافته باشد، اثرات سرریز بر کشورهای شریک تجاری دارد، اما در تجارت جنوب - جنوب کشورهای درحالتوسعه، این اثر از نظر آماری، قابل پذیرش نیست. بنابراین، برقراری روابط تجاری تحت GVCs با کشورهای توسعه‌یافته، می‌تواند یک سیاست بالقوه مفید برای بهبود عملکرد زیست‌محیطی کشورهای درحال‌توسعه، تلقی شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Global Value Chains and Environmental Performance Improvement in Developing Countries

نویسندگان English

Kazem Biabany Khameneh 1
Reza Najarzadeh 2
Hassan Dargahi 3
Lotfali Agheli 4
1 Ph.D. Candidate in Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Economics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Professor of Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Along with the increased trade integration of countries and the expansion of international production fragmentation, Global Value Chains (GVCs) amount to a huge part of trade today, and participation in a network of trade partners at downstream and upstream of the value chains brings about considerable potentials such as the improvement of the flow of knowledge and more advanced production technologies and techniques, particularly for developing countries. It would not be unexpected for GVCs and participating in them from an environmental aspect to have potential benefits for countries as well.

In this regard, the present study discusses the role that GVCs play in countries' environmental performance. For this purpose, a sample of 65 developing and 36 developed countries was investigated using spatial panel data econometrics, conditional convergence, spatial auto-correlation, and GVCs participation spillover and direct impacts for countries in the form of south-south, north-south, and north-north bilateral added-value trade. The results indicated that there was spatial auto-correlation and conditional convergence based on GVCs for all countries although they are more intense in the case of north-north trade in developed countries. Besides, participation in GVCs has spillover impacts on the trading partner countries if developed countries are included in the bilateral value-added trade but this impact is not statistically acceptable in south-south trade of developing countries according to estimations. Thus, establishing trading relations with developed countries through GVCs is a potentially beneficial policy to improve developing countries’ environmental performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Global value chains
Carbon intensity
Spatial Econometrics
Value-added trade
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