پژوهش ها و چشم اندازهای اقتصادی

پژوهش ها و چشم اندازهای اقتصادی

بررسی اثر زمانی و شدت تحریم‌های سازمان ملل و ایالات‌متحده بر شاخص فلاکت کشورهای هدف

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
ادریس کریمی 1
زهرا فتوره‌جی 2
محمد حسن زاده محمودآباد 2
1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
2 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
چکیده
این مقاله، به بررسی اثر زمانی و شدت تحریم‌های سازمان ملل و ایالات‌متحده بر شاخص فلاکت، در 41 کشور تحریم شده طی سال‌های 2018-1991 با استفاده از داده‌های ترکیبی نامتوازن جدید و روش حداقل مربعات تعمیم‌یافته می‌پردازد. نتایج برآورد مدل‌های مربوط به بررسی اثر زمانی تحریم‌های سازمان ملل و ایالات‌متحده، نشان می‌دهد که در ارتباط با تأثیر تحریم‌ها بر شاخص فلاکت، اثر زمانی وجود ندارد؛ به‌طوری که گذشت زمان، در افزایش یا کاهش تأثیر تحریم‌ها بر شاخص فلاکت تأثیرگذار نیست. همچنین، نتایج تخمین مدل‌های مرتبط با بررسی اثر شدت تحریم‌های سازمان ملل و ایالات‌متحده بر شاخص فلاکت، نشان می‌دهد اعمال تحریم‌های خفیف و متوسط سازمان‌ملل، اگرچه می‌توانند اثر مثبت بر شاخص فلاکت داشته باشند ولی این اثر بر شاخص فلاکت، معنی‌دار نیست؛ اما تحریم‌های شدید سازمان‌ملل، تأثیری مثبت و معنی‌دار در جهت افزایش شاخص فلاکت داشته است. علاوه بر این، اعمال تحریم‌های متوسط ایالات‌متحده، تأثیر معناداری بر شاخص فلاکت نداشته، ولی تحریم‌های خفیف و شدید ایالات‌متحده، به ترتیب، با متوسط ضرایب 20/3 و 14/12، تأثیری مثبت و معنی‌دار در جهت افزایش شاخص فلاکت داشته، و به‌طور کلی، تأثیر تحریم‌های چندجانبه سازمان ملل بر شاخص فلاکت، بیشتر از تحریم‌های یک‌جانبه ایالات‌متحده بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها
تحریم‌های اقتصادی
سازمان‌ملل
ایالات‌متحده
شاخص فلاکت

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating Of Time Effect and Severity of UN and US Sanctions on Misery Index of Target States

نویسندگان English

edris karimi 1
Zahra Fotourehchi 2
Mohammad Hassanzadeh Mahmoudabad 2
1 M.A. in Economics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
2 Associate Professor of Economics, Mohaghegh Ardabili University
چکیده English

This paper examines the time effect and severity of UN and US sanctions on the misery index in 41 countries under sanctions during 1991-2018 using new unbalanced composite data and the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) method. The estimation results of time effects of UN and US sanctions show that there is no time effect in relation to the effect of sanctions on the misery index, so that the passage of time has no increasing or decreasing effect of sanctions on the misery index. Moreover, the estimation results of the severity effects of UN and US sanctions on the misery index indicate that the imposition of the mild and moderate UN sanctions, while influencing positively the misery index, has no significant effect on the misery index; however, severe UN sanctions has significant positive effect on the misery index. In addition, the imposition of moderate sanctions by the United States has no significant effect on the misery index, but mild and severe US sanctions, have positive and significant effects on increasing the misery index by average coefficients of 3.20 and 12.14, respectively. Generally, the impact of UN multilateral sanctions on the misery index has been greater than of US unilateral sanctions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Economic Sanctions
United Nations
United States
Misery Index
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پژوهش ها و چشم اندازهای اقتصادی
دوره 21، شماره 2
تابستان 1400
صفحه 151-180