پژوهش ها و چشم اندازهای اقتصادی

پژوهش ها و چشم اندازهای اقتصادی

ارتباط میان بیکاری، توزیع درآمد و تقاضای مؤثر در ایران: رهیافت SVAR پساکینزی

نویسندگان
1 استاد اقتصاد سنجی و آمار اجتماعی، بخش اقتصاد دانشگاه سمنان
2 دانشیار اقتصاد، بخش اقتصاد دانشگاه تهران
3 دانشجوی دکترای علوم اقتصادی، بخش اقتصاد دانشگاه سمنان
چکیده
هدف اصلی در این پژوهش، پاسخ به این پرسش است که آیا اشتغال در ایران بر اساس نظریه پساکینزین­ها تحت تأثیر بازار کالا است یا بر مبنای نظریه نئوکلاسیک­ها تحت تأثیر بازار کار؟ در این مقاله با استفاده ازداده­های سری زمانی مانند سهم سود، انباشت سرمایه، نرخ بیکاری و استفاده از ظرفیت­های موجود در یک مدل خودرگرسیون برداری ساختاری طی سالهای 92-1346 ارتباط میان بیکاری، توزیع درآمد و تقاضای مؤثر در ایران ارزیابی شده است. نتایج حاصل حاکی از آن است که افزایش انباشت سرمایه و افزایش استفاده از ظرفیت­های موجود (متغیرهای بازار کالا) می­تواند باعث کاهش معنادار در بیکاری گردد؛ یعنی طبق نظریه پساکینزین­ها، بیکاری در ایران تقاضا محور است. در مقابل، بازتوزیع درآمد به نفع سود (تغییر مزد واقعی در بازار کار) می­تواند به‌طور مستقیم (طبق دیدگاه اقتصاددانان نئوکلاسیک)، به علت جانشینی بین کار و سرمایه یا به‌صورت نامستقیم، از مسیر افزایش انباشت سرمایه و یا افزایش استفاده از ظرفیت‌های موجود، موجب کاهش بیکاری گردد. از این رو، برای خروج از رکود (و افزایش اشتغال) می­توان بر سیاستگذاری در بازار کالا (افزایش سرمایه‌گذاری) و همچنین بازتوزیع درآمد به نفع سود تمرکز نمود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The Relationships among Unemployment, Income Distribution and Effective Demand: A Post-Keynesian SVAR Approach

نویسندگان English

Esmaiel Abounoori 1
Ali Souri 2
Mahboobeh Farahati 3
1 Professor of Econometrics and Social Statistics, Department of Economics, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, University of Tehran
3 Ph.D. Candidate in Economics, Department of Economics, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
چکیده English

This research aims to determine whether the employment in Iran is affected by goods market based on post-Keynesians theory, or by labor market based on neoclassical theory. Using time series data on profit share, capital accumulation, unemployment rate and capacity utilization in a structural vector auto-regression (SVAR) model, this article evaluates the linkages among unemployment, income distribution and effective demand in Iran during 1967-2013. The results show that an increase in capital accumulation in goods market leads to significant decrease in unemployment rate. In other words, according to the post-Keynesians theory, unemployment in Iran is demand-induced. On the contrary, according to neoclassical theory, income redistribution in favor of profits (change of real wage in labor market) can reduce unemployment directly due to substitution between labor and capital or indirectly through increasing capital accumulation and/or rising capacity utilization. Therefore, in order to pass recession and to increase employment we can focus on goods market by increasing investment and income redistribution in favor of profits.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Post Keynesian economics
Employment
Capital accumulation
Income Distribution
Iran
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