پژوهش ها و چشم اندازهای اقتصادی

پژوهش ها و چشم اندازهای اقتصادی

بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر خوداشتغالی در اقتصاد ایران

نویسندگان
1 عضو هیات علمی دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان
2 کارشناسی ارشد توسعه اقتصادی و برنامه ریزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان
چکیده
موضوع خوداشتغالی بخصوص برای جوامعی که نرخ بیکاری بالایی دارند می تواند موضوعی مهم تلقی شود. این مطالعه به دنبال بررسی عوامل تعیین کننده خوداشتغالی در سطح استان های ایران طی دوره زمانی 1385 -1375 با استفاده از روش پانل دیتا است. نتایج برآورد بیانگر آن است که متغیرهای نرخ بیکاری هر استان، سهم جمعیت 65- 15 ساله از کل جمعیت و سهم هر استان از تولید ناخالص داخلی کشور در معادله خوداشتغالی، از لحاظ آماری معنی دار نمی باشند، اما متغیرهای نسبت جمعیت شهری به کل جمعیت هر استان با ضریب منفی، سهم مخارج تحقیق و توسعه کشور از تولیدناخالص داخلی هر سال با ضریب مثبت و نرخ باسوادی کشور با ضریب مثبت، از لحاظ آماری معنی دارند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The Determinant Factors of Self-employment in the Iranian Economy

نویسندگان English

Abolfazl Shahabadi 1
Tayebeh Khatami 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Social Science, Bu-Ali Sina Universtiy, Hamedan, Iran, . (Corresponding Author)
2 M.A. Student, Bu-Ali Sina Universtiy, Hamedan, Iran,
چکیده English

Self-employment is a crucially important subject in an economy, especially for a country with high unemployment rate. This paper studies the determinant factors of self employment in Iran during 1996-2006 using a panel data method. The results show that unemployment rate per province, the ratio of 15-65 age bracket to total population of the country, and the share of each province to total GDP aren't statically significant. While the ratio of urban population to total population for each province has a negative coefficient in self-employment equation, the ratio of R&D expenditure to GDP and literacy rate has a positive one.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Self-employment
Unemployment rate
J23
Q16
R&D expenditure
Panel data JEL Classification: E24
قوامی، هادی (1381) بررسی تحولات ساختاری خوداشتغالی، عوامل مؤثر بر آن و رابطه آن با بیکاری و تورم در ایران؛ رساله دوره دکتری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
قوامی، هادی (1382) بررسی تحولات ساختاری خوداشتغالی با استفاده از روش شناسی تجزیه طی سالهای 1375-1335؛ فصلنامه پژوهشهای اقتصادی ایران، شماره 15: 91-63.
قوامی، هادی (1385) بررسی مقایسه ای زنان سرپرست خانوار خوداشتغال و زنان سرپرست خانوار دستمزد و حقوق بگیر در نقاط شهری ایران؛ مجله تحقیقات اقتصادی، شماره 72: 257-227.
قویدل، صالح (1387) خوداشتغالی در مقابل بیکاری (مورد ایران)؛ فصلنامه پژوهشهای اقتصادی، سال هشتم، شماره اول: 41-21.
Armour, J. (2008) Bankruptcy Law and Entrepreneurship; Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Law and Economics Association, 10(2): 303-350.
Baldwin, J. R. (1997). The Importance of Research and Development for Innovation in Small and Large Canadian Manufacturing Firms; Statistics Canada and Analitical Studies Branch, Research Paper No. 1997107e.
Blanchflower, D. G. (1998) Self-employment in OECD Countries; Department of Economics, Dartmouth College and National Bureau of Economics Research, Vol. 471, pp. 1-63.
Bogliacino, F. and Vivarelli, M. (2010) The job creation effect of R&D expenditures; IZA, Discussion Paper No. 4728.
Chaturvedi, V. and B. Kumar and R. H. Dholakia (2008) Inter-relationship between economic growth, saving and inflation in Asia; Indian Institute of Management, Working Paper No. 2008-07-01.
Crepon, B. and E. Duguet. and J. Nairesse. (1998) Research, Innovation, and Productivity: an Econometric Analysis at the Firm Level; NBER, Working Paper No. w6696.
Dellas, H. (2000) Industrial employment, investment equipment and economic growth; CEPR, Discussion Papers 2523.
Evangelista, R. and Savona, M. (2002) The impact of innovation onemployment in services: evidence from Italy; International Review of Applied Economics, 16(3): 309-318.
Fairlie, R., Bruce, W. and Meyer, D. (1996) An Ethnic and Racial Self-Employment Differences and Possible Explanations; Journal of Human Resources, 31(4): 790.
Pablo, F., Maloney, W. and Rojas, G. M. (2006) Microenterprise Dynamics in Developing Countries: How Similar are they to those in the Industrialized World? Evidence from Mexico. The World Bank Economic Review, 20(3): 384–9.
Fountas, S. and Karanaso, M. (2002) Inflation, output growth, and nominal and real uncertainly: empirical evidence for the G7; Departement of Economics of National University of Irland, Working Paper No. 64.
Vaughan, G. and Moenning, C. (1996) An Analysis of Self-employment Using UK Census of Population Data; Nnternational Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 2(3); 82-88.
Golejewska, A. (2002) Foreign direct investment and its employment effects in Polish manufacturing during transition; Faculty of Economics of Economic of European Integration Department, Working Paper No. 0204.
Gylfason, T. and Herbertson, T. T. (2001) Does inflation matter for growth?; Japan and the World Economy, 13(4): 478-500.
Heller. C.S, (2000) Gender Differences in Full-Time Self-Employment; Journal of Economics and Business, 52: 495–9.
Horbach, J. (2010) The impact of innovation activities on employment In the environmental sector: empirical result for Germany at the firm level; Journal of Economics and Statistics, 230(4): 403-419.
Kim, G. S. (2007) The Analysis of Self-employment Levels Over the Life-Cycle; The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 47: 397-410.
Lederman, D. (2007) Product Innovation by Incumbent Firms in Developing Economies: the Roles of Research and Development Expenditures, Trade policy and the Investment Climate; World Bank Policy Research, Working Paper No. 4319.
Masso, J., Varblane, U. and Vahter, P. (2007) The impact of outward FDI on home-country employment in a low-cost transition economy; William Davidson Institute, Working Paper No. 873.
Nunnenkamp, P., Bremont, J. E. A. and Waldkirch, A. (2007) FDI in Mexico: an empirical assessment of employment effects; Kiel Institute, Working Paper No. 1328.
Thurik A. R., Carree, M. A., Stel, A.V. and Audretsch, D. B. (2007) Does Self-Employment Reduce Unemployment?; Max Planck Institute of Economics, Group for Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy: www.Uni-jena.de.
Vivarelli, M. (2007) Innovation and employment: A survey; IZA, Discussion Paper No. 2621.
Viscusi, W. K. and Moore, M. J. (1993) Product Liability, Research and Development and Innovation; Journal of Political Economy, 101(1): 161-184.