پژوهش ها و چشم اندازهای اقتصادی

پژوهش ها و چشم اندازهای اقتصادی

بررسی تأثیر نهادهای خالق بازار و سایر نهادها بر رشد اقتصادی (رویکرد بین کشوری)

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی (ره)
2 استادیار اقتصاد دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
تبیین دلایل تفاوت فراوان کشورهای جهان در رشد و رفاه اقتصادی، از جمله سؤال های محوری در اقتصاد است که تحقیقات فراوانی در این خصوص صورت گرفته و دیدگاه های مختلفی در این خصوص بیان شده که در دهه اخیر، این اتفاق آرا در بین اقتصاددانان شکل گرفته است که نهادها از عوامل اصلی و اساسی تأثیرگذار بر این تفاوت هستند.
اگر نهادها اهمیت دارند، سؤال این است که در میان نهادهای موجود، کدامیک از آنها، بیشترین اهمیت را در روند رشد و توسعه دارند؟ تقسیم­بندی­های مختلفی از نهادها صورت گرفته است که بر اساس آن، از نقش این نوع نهادها بر عملکرد اقتصادی بحث می­شود.
در یک طبقه­بندی، رودریک (2005) نهادها را به چهار گروه مختلف، نهادهای خالق بازار، نهادهای تنظیم­کننده بازار، نهادهای تثبیت­کننده بازارو نهادهای مشروعیت بخش به بازار تقسیم نموده است.
در این مقاله، با استفاده از روش اقتصاد سنجی GMM پنل دیتای پویا، تأثیر هر یک از این نهادهای چهارگانه بر سطح رشد اقتصادی در سطح جهانی برای در دوره 2009-1980 و 2009-1995 آزمون شده و نتایج به دست آمده، حاکی از آن است که، نهادهای خالق بازار و نهادهای تثبیت­کننده بازار بر تولید ناخالص سرانه تأثیرگذارند اما تاثیرگذاری دو نوع نهاد دیگر بر رشد اقتصادی در سطح جهانی محل تردید می­باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating Effect of Market Creating Institutions and Other Institutions on Economic Growth (Cross Country Approach)

نویسندگان English

Taymour Mohammadi 1
Mohammad Nadiri 2
1 Associate Professor of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Allameh Tabataba’i University, (E-mail: mohammadi.teymoor@gmail.com).
2 Assistant Professor of Economics, Tehran University (E-mail: m.nadiri@ut.ac.ir)
چکیده English

One of the most important issues in economics is to explain the considerable differences among nations in context of economic growth and well-being. In the recent decades, a consensus among economists suggests that institutions are the main reason for mentioned differences. If this is the case, immediately a question arises: which institutions are of the most importance in the growth and development process? So far, various classifications of institutions discuss on roles of them on economic performance. Rodrik (2005) classify institutions into four various categories; market creating institutions, market regulating institutions, market stabilizing institutions, and market legitimizing institutions. In this paper, we estimate the effect of these institutions on development by using dynamic GMM panel data method for the periods 1980-2009 and 1995-2009. The results suggest that market creating institutions and market stabilizing institutions are affecting per capita GDP, but the other institutions have no significant impact on global economic growth.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Development
market-creating institutions
market regulating institutions
market stabilizing institutions
market legitimizing institutions
Dynamic GMM
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