پژوهش ها و چشم اندازهای اقتصادی

پژوهش ها و چشم اندازهای اقتصادی

بررسی اثرات ساختار بازار بر نوآوری و تحقیق و توسعه در صنایع کارخانه‌ای ایران

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه پیام نور
2 استاد دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
3 استادیار گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه پیام نور
چکیده
هدف تحقیق حاضر، بررسی اثرات ساختار بازار بر نوآوری و تحقیق و توسعه در صنایع کارخانه ای ایران است. برای این منظور داده های ترکیبی[1] صنایع کارخانه ای ایران بر اساس طبقه بندی استاندارد بین المللی فعالیت های صنعتی [2] جمع آوری و با استفاده از سیستم معادلات همزمان و روش حداقل مربعات دو مرحله ای با جزء خطا [3]، اثرات متقابل سطح تمرکز، نوآوری و تحقیق و توسعه، تبلیغات و سودآوری در رشته فعالیت های مختلف صنعتی، طی سال های 1386- 1375مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است.
در مجموع، نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد که سطح تمرکز، اثرات معناداری بر سطح نوآوری و تحقیق و توسعه در صنایع کارخانه ای ایران داشته و رابطه معکوس میان سطح تمرکز و نوآوری و تحقیق و توسعه برقرار است. همچنین، با افزایش سودآوری، از سطح تحقیق و توسعه این صنایع کاسته شده است. بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر ساختار صنایع کارخانه ای نشان می دهد که اگر چه سطح نوآوری و تحقیق و توسعه بر ساختار این صنایع مؤثر نبوده است، اما سودآوری و عملکرد برتر بنگاه ها عاملی مؤثر بر سطح تمرکز آنها و نیز تبلیغات از دیگر پارامترهای مؤثر بر این ساختار بوده است.
برآورد پارامترهای اثر گذار بر سودآوری رشته فعالیت های صنعتی، نشان از عدم تأثیرگذاری پارامتر ساختاری تمرکز و رفتار نوآورانه و تحقیق و توسعه بر عملکرد صنایع دارد. نتایج تخمین معادله تبلیغات نیز نشان می دهد که افزایش تمرکز بازاری باعث کاهش سطح تبلیغات شده، اما رفتار نوآورانه بنگاه ها سطح تبلیغات آنها را افزایش داده است. از طرف دیگر، اثرات تاخیری و انباشته شده تحقیق و توسعه، وجود رابطه معکوس میان سطح تمرکز و تحقیق و توسعه را مورد تأیید قرار می دهد.



[1]. Panel Data


[2]. International Standard Industrial Classification


[3]. Error Component Two-Stage Least Squares
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The Effect of Market Structure on Innovation and R&D in Iran’s Manufacturing Sector

نویسندگان English

Farhad Khodadad Kashi 1
Mansour Zarra Nezhad 2
Reza Yousefi Hajiabad 3
1 Associate Professor of Economics, Payam Noor University ( E-mail: khodadad@pnu.ac.ir)
2 Professor of Economics, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, (E-mail: zarram@gmail.com)
3 Assistant Professor of Economics, Payam Noor University (E-mail: Reza.yossefi@gmail.com)
چکیده English

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of market structure on innovation and R&D in Iran’s manufacturing sector. To do this, first, statistical data for Iran’s manufacturing sector has been gathered in International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) format, then mutual effects of concentration, innovation and R&D, advertising and profitability in different industrial activities have been analyzed using simultaneous equations system and Error Component Tow Stage Least Squares (EC2SLS) during 1996-2007. The results show that industrial concentration has a significant and inverted U-shaped relationship with innovation and R&D. In addition, R&D expenditure declines with increases in profitability. The investigation of the factors affecting manufacturing structure indicates that although innovation and R&D has no effect on manufacturing structure, but profitability and performance of top firms affect their concentration. Our findings exhibit the ineffectiveness of concentration and innovational behavior on industries performance; whereas increasing market concentration results in advertising expenses and innovational behavior of firms raises advertising expenses. Similarly, the lagged and accumulated effects of R&D confirm the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between concentration and R&D

کلیدواژه‌ها English

market structure
Competition
Behavior
Market performance
Research and Development
Concentration
Profitability
Efficiency
Advertising
Manufacturing Sector
Simultaneous Equation System
Error Component Tow Stage Least Squares
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