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Rice farmers in the study area as elsewhere in some developing parts of the world have been negatively affected by floods annually. There have been several solutions, some suggested and others implemented to mitigate the effect of these floods on the farmers. Different initiatives have been undertaken by various stakeholders in the food production chain. Providing a multidimensional approach to highlighting these initiatives is essential to an effective and efficient resolution. The prospects and challenges of incorporating technology, capacity development, business and government support have been evaluated. The solutions proposed in this paper would bring economic benefits to the rice farmers, private companies, and government, leading to the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2- Zero Hunger and the other 16 SDGs.
 

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Aims: In cities, limit is used to meet the needs of the city as a tool to restrict unauthorized construction, and limit is a good place to set up different and annoying industries that cannot function in cities. The aim of this study was to present a strategic analysis of the status of political management system of the limit of urban area of Tehran.
Instruments and Methods: The current applied documentary-analytical research was carried out in Tehran, using a strategic approach. In order to collect the data, library and survey studies were used and to evaluate in-system and out-system terms, the combined model, Analytic Hierarchy Process- Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (AHP-SOWT) was used. Therefore, a list of effective variables was prepared and, then, by means of a survey of experts, each of the variables was weighted and internal and external factors and strategies were obtained.
Findings: The total final scores for implementation of integrated management of limit of Tehran metropolis were 3.48 for external factors and 3.6 for internal factors, and acceptable strategies for integrated management of limit of Tehran were aggressive strategy.
Conclusion: The most important aggressive strategies include preparing the Hadi project for villages without project, compiling a comprehensive plan for the effective participation of organizations and stakeholders, identifying and locating appropriate spaces for the deployment of activities that are consistent with the limit of the city, seriously monitoring the reduction of pollution, planning, designing and creating urban green infrastructure, creating an atmosphere for effective participation of citizens, holding national, and international congresses and tours for identifying limit.
 

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Introduction: Considering the settlement of more than 60% of the world's population in cities by 2030, producing over 70% of the world's carbon there, and 50% of the damage to the ozone layer by cities, as well as less experience in organizing environmental issues in cities, studying the successful experience of countries, especially global metropolises in planning environmental issues may be essential. Accordingly, this research is theoretical in terms of nature, applied in terms of conclusion, and descriptive-analytical and documentary in terms of method. The data were collected and analyzed from library resources, field observations from some metropolises, and Internet resources related to the world capitals and global metropolises perspective (15 items).
Conclusion: At least since 2000, in all the perspectives for the studied capitals and metropolises, urban environmental issues have been one of their main goals and basic themes. The land of "no burial" and "no waste" is the motto of most of them. The completion of the cycle of reduction of consumption, recycling, and reuse is considered the main objective of sustainable development. The integrated urban environmental management model was emphasized; flexibility and effective strategic resilience are considered to reach the UN's 2030s sustainable development goals. Therefore, it is proposed that the 17-item UN's 2030s sustainable development goal, particularly item 11 that is related to urban sustainable development, as well as the United Nations environment program, be the basis for urban sustainable environmental programs, especially in Iranian metropolises.

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 More than two-thirds of the world’s population is likely to reside in urban areas by 2050. Rapid urbanization contributes to many contemporary challenges that confront cities. Sustainable urban development (SUD) is a widespread area of investigation that can be considered from various attitudes, such as environment, economy, society, technology, culture, and so on. This paper aimed to perform a bibliometric analysis of “sustainable urban development” research during 2002-2021, considering source types, subject areas, document types, affiliations, journals, countries, authors, and keywords. Also, Social Network Anal­ysis was applied to recognize mapping trends, status, and hot spots in SUD research and to discover co-authorship relations and international collaborations among countries worldwide. The results of this study showed that the number of SUD-relat­ed publications has remarkably increased by more than sixteen times over the study period. Social sciences” (24.6%), “envi­ronmental science” (21.2%), and “engineering” (13.4%) were the three major subject areas. China, with 539 publications (20.3%), was the most productive country in terms of the num­ber of publications. The most independent rate of the publica­tions belonged to India (76.5%), while Hong Kong ranked 1st in cooperator publications (61.6%). The “Sustainability” pub­lished the most related articles, followed by “Journal of Cleaner Production” and “Sustainable Cities And Society.” Among the top ten productive institutes and organizations, five affiliations were from China. “Deep learning,” “circular economy,” “big data,” “air pollution,” “spatial analysis,” “urban resilience,” “urban heat island,” “system dynamics,” and “cultural heritage” were the most increasing keywords in recent years, based on the author keywords analysis.

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Aims: The purpose of this study is to introduce Ecovillage as a comprehensive model for the sustainable development of human settlements, which is an appropriate response to the challenges in the target urban-villages and Farahzad as the case study.
Methods: A descriptive-analytical approach has been applied in this study. In the theoretical part of the research, the principles of ecovillages have been investigated through the study and analysis of written documents and articles (documentary method) and the conceptual framework and general goals of Urban-Village sustainable development have been developed based on the ecovillage model. In terms of experimental studies, several field studies and site visits have been done in order to better understand the case study and its situation. The urban design framework of Farahzad Urban-Village has been developed based on AHP Analytic hierarchy process.
Findings: According to the study findings, the ecovillage model includes four key dimensions of environmental, social, economic and cultural and 18 principles that in Farahzad, environmental dimension and then social and economic dimension are the most important. The selected framework of Farahzad village is based on AHP, based on emphasizing its role in tourism and Residential, and considering both local and tourism areas.
Conclusion: The ecovillage is a comprehensive model for the sustainable development of Farahzad urban-village and the target villages. The principles and objectives of ecovillages include both substantive and procedural dimensions, which can be accomplished through a bottom-up process involving local residents and institutions.
 

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Abstract Urban parks and green spaces as a part of the urban structure must be design according to the necessities of urban life and fulfillment of the citizens requirements. The citizens requirements include wide variety environmental, social, cultural, economical and physical aspects. All cities potential spaces and their natural values must be consider to sustainable fulfillment of the citizens requirements. One of the most important natural values in cities are rivers and their surrounded valley that always very interested for Authorities and urban planners to convert to urban green space.. Rehabilitate and planning of these rivers and rivers valleys is mainly done base on recreational development and sustainable development objectives. Therefore their suitable ecological conditionse is very important. Base on above consideration, the principle criteriaes for urban river valleys ecological evaluation base on sustainable landscape design, wereinvestigated. In this project, case research method by use of compound solution has been used. Results of this research reveals that landscape elements in Darabad river valley could be divided in four categories including 1-watery surfaces 2-topography 3-vegetation cover 4-artificial elements and the first priority in permanent ecological landscape restoring of this river valley is connected to preservation and restoring of the river and vegetation cover in the river floor and side gardens. Keywords: sustainable development, river valleys, urban environment, park

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Aims: Recent advances in landscape ecology and satellite data have provided an opportunity to change approaches in sustainable urban planning and have created a high potential for enhancing resilience in the interactions of social-ecological systems. In this research, by using the concept of spatial resilience and measuring the critical components and relationships of the socio-ecological landscape over time, the thresholds related to identity were quantitatively extracted to provide a solution for linking concrete management objectives and the theory of resilience.
Methods: By evaluating the ecological landscape of Qom city using PLAND, CA, NP, AREA-MN metrics and satellite data, the changes in landscape resilience of this city during thirty years based on the theory of spatial resilience were analyzed.
Findings: By defining and extracting identity thresholds, identity changes in the city landscape were predicted concerning resilience in the coming years. Then, by identifying the spatial-identity patterns of the city in different periods and measuring them based on resilience dimensions, measurable suggestions were presented to policymakers and planners to place the urban landscape in a new, resilient, and sustainable balance.
Conclusion: The landscape of the city of Qom in 2009 and 2019 has crossed the first and second thresholds of identity, and with the continuation of the current trend, in the next 20 years, traveling the third threshold (complete transformation of landscape identity) will happen, and if the process of reducing the green area structures continues, the landscape will reach an irreparable stage in terms of resilience.
 

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With Emphasis on Rural Youth Migration of Qazvine Province Nowadays, rural tourism is considered as a main section in economical activities. There are different approaches to this important economical activity. Some recognize it as a segment of tourism market and some believe it as a rural development policy. The Question is that what is the role of rural tourism in rural development and sustainable rural development. In the last decade of twentieth century, most of the social and economic planners In European countries introduce tourism industry as the most certain pattern with clear landscape for rural development, especially those deprived villages. The performed studies in France, Austria, Switzerland, England, Ireland, Thailand and Japon show fast rural tourism development in rural economy and complemented agricultural activities. The main nature of tourism industry is creating employment, increating income, divesifying economic, social contribution and using local resources. Since what caused poverty and underdevelopment of the rural societies id the lack of tourism industry in these sosieties, which by solving the above mentioned problems com cause rural development.

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Introduction
Coastal and marine tourism represents a significant potential for sustainable regional development. Globally, this sector contributes over 10% of GDP and employment. Iran's extensive coastlines, especially the Makran coasts along the Gulf of Oman, offer unique opportunities for eco-tourism, water sports, and marine exploration. Despite these potentials, the region lacks a structured strategy for leveraging these resources, resulting in underdeveloped tourism infrastructure and minimal local economic benefits. This study focuses on formulating defensive strategies to address these shortcomings and foster sustainable tourism in the Makran region.
Methodology
This applied research employs a mixed-method approach combining library and field findings. Literature reviews identify key tourism components and regional challenges. Field data are gathered through interviews with stakeholders in tourism and regional development. Analytical tools such as SWOT and SFAS matrices are used to assess internal and external factors, determining the region's current weaknesses and threats. Based on this, defensive strategies are proposed to enhance regional tourism while mitigating the risks.
Results and Discussion
The analysis revealed that the Makran region suffers from significant weaknesses in internal infrastructure and management, coupled with external threats such as geopolitical competition and limited international investments. Here are some defensive strategies emphasizing:

1. Infrastructure Development: Investments in transport, healthcare, and accommodations to support tourism growth.
2. Diplomatic Engagement: Promoting international partnerships and combating negative perceptions of the region.
3. Community Engagement: Empowering local communities to participate in and benefit from tourism development.
4. Marketing Campaigns: Highlighting Makran’s natural and cultural assets through global outreach and multilingual promotional materials.

Conclusion
The defensive strategy outlined aims to transform the Makran coasts into a thriving hub of coastal and marine tourism while preserving environmental integrity and enhancing local livelihoods. Strategic implementation of these recommendations is expected to boost regional competitiveness and integrate Makran into the global tourism map.
 

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Spatial inequalities and income and capital gaps between different areas of society are currently considered one of the most significant barriers to sustainable development. Disparities between disadvantaged regions (border or non-border) and developed regions, as well as urban-rural gaps, are the most important signs of spatial inequalities. This paper attempts to study the degree of integration or disparity between urban and rural areas in Iran over the past four decades using a secondary analysis method. Four variables will be analyzed: population distribution, dominant economic and production sectors, poverty levels and distribution, and income and expenditure gaps. Evaluation of the spatial planning system’s performance in the country reveals a sectoral and non-planning approach with an emphasis on centralization and urbanization, which has exacerbated inequalities and disparities between peripheral and central regions, as well as between urban and rural areas. The country has experienced rapid, unplanned, and sometimes uneven urbanization, to the detriment of the sustainability and population balance in small urban areas and rural ones, which has not necessarily been accompanied by balanced regional development. Large cities have attracted a labor force to their peripheries, leading to a life of poverty in marginal and rural areas. While absolute poverty has decreased, rural populations, especially in disadvantaged areas, continue to bear the brunt of poverty. Income and expenditure indicators have also favored urban dwellers. Overall, macro-level data in the country indicates the existence of spatial divisions. However, wherever urban-rural linkages have been established and strengthened, regional and urban-rural disparities have decreased.
 

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In recent years, following the re-introduction of the importance of public spaces and the urban life, facing has gained importance again. Some of the main goals of the facade are: beautiful appearance of buildings, saving energy in different seasons, the protection, prevent premature aging. Each building in the complex view of the city, where the streets or fields, and the effect on the walled city. Since the beginning of the 1980s, a range of materials, design and construction of buildings more efficient and more productive every day is a new innovation . Sustainable urban development does not mean the sustainable development of each of the subsystems of the economic, social, environmental or alone, and is not meant to increase the stability of these subsystems But tries to economic growth, restoration of ecologicaland balance environmental protection and social progress and the difficulties of these challenges, it has become a focus of research around the world . Therefore, sustainable development is a process that aims to create a city. It is in accordance with basic human needs in terms of performance, place the present and future generations for life. On of the factor in sustainable urban development proposed building facade materials placed on the sustainability of materials used in the facade facing particularly compatible with the environment . Sustainable design features with Three principles of strength, beauty and benefits of sustainable facade principles .the aim of valuing the three principles, the strength and resistance means at least three natural disasters and abnormal destruction ,Sustainability means the reuse of other building,Beauty and meaning consistent with the spirit of the people has been raised.But Today, most materials used in building facades, appear only at the economic objective, and made without any regard for the environment placed and There is no criteria set for facade design and materials used in accordance with the concepts of sustainable development. So The production and use of these materials in the long term lead to the end unconsciously renewable resources and pollution of the atmosphere. Given the importance of protecting the environment from harmful effects of the introduction of the concept of sustainable development should be the solution to the use of man-made materials. Since it had been less to the issue of sustainable facade materials and amount of energy used affected by building is its facade, In this article we try to learn about the formation of materials in the process of harvesting(Construction, installation, operation, maintenance), production(Extraction, processing, packaging, transportation) and installation(Recycling, reuse) of energy consumption in buildings that are in each of the steps learned.and then introduce factors are important in good quality materials, Factors such as compatible with nature, Longer Life, low energy consumption, Important characteristics of sustainable materials is:reduce energy efficiency,use of natural materials,embodied energy The embodied energy of a material refers to the total energy required to produce that material, including the collection of raw materials. This includes the energy of the fuel used to power the harvesting or mining equipment, the processing equipment, and the transportation devices that move raw material to a processing facility. This energy typically comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which are a limited, non-renewable resource. The combustion of fossil fuels also has severe environmental consequences, from localized smog to acid rain. The greater a material’s embodied energy, the greater the amount of energy required to produce it, implying more severe ecological consequences. For example, the processing of wood (harvested in a sustainable fashion) involves far less energy and releases less pollution than the processing of iron, which must be extracted from mined ores.
Reduction of Construction Waste , Local Materials , Renewable Energy Systems, Reusability, recycled content, and also the use of nano-materials thatChanges in the shape and nature, can not multifunctional and create spaces with different user. Nano-materials and nano-coatings environmental compatibility feature, the field of nano and green architecture provides link and Nano buildings need no energy because coatings and new materials also have the capability to meet the needs of energy and insulation with very low thickness and performance much more waste heat reach zero. Smart materials are materials that can function intelligently in the face of changes in the environment such as your living organisms adapt to environmental conditions The most important smart materials in the construction industry can be smart to use concrete and glass buildings noted . Taking advantage of this element can reduce the negative environmental impacts and the approach of society towards the sustainability criteria, and the study of this type of material is sustainable development. Key Building Materials and Sources are: Limestone,Steel,Aluminium,Bricks and Tile,Petrochemicals,Wood.each of Each of these materials in the trilogy should have been told, are in accordance with sustainability criteria.
For evaluating and calculate the amount of energy that affect the building facade materials, we have a special software calculates the building energy use.In this application, city, season, number of days, hours and facade material is selected, then the program will calculate the amount of energy per month pays and delivers graphically.
In this article with Ecotect software simulates a building in Tehran climate,and the different between materials facing in the amount of embody energy of building is checked and thus the sustainability and stability of each of the materials provided, as required for a sustainable facade of stable, formed. According to the results obtained in terms of sustainability , Building energy consumption, the use of concrete is 32093396(WH) during the year. Brick energy is 31954916(WH) and aluminum is 32641370(WH) According to these numbers brick is more sustainable than Concrete and then aluminum for use in the building of Tehran climate so the exchange of energy through the building facade materials smaller, so less energy is buildingin addition to energy factor in buildings. It is also assumed that the material has sufficient life and After the demolition of the building can be recycled and reused to minimize damage to the raw materials that come from nature placed.
Previous studies in the world show that many studies have been done on sustainable materials But so far, particularly on the materials used in building facades approach to sustainability and reduce energy consumption, little research has been done.The closest title of this article, by promising Navid Baheri, is the materials used in the facade of sustainable architecture ,this paper is a brief introduction and classification of material in front of them, In compliance with the standard details with regard to climate issues and energy consumption has been reduced And finally to present and examine a few examples of sustainable architecture .this title in external articles and books is in a book that explain about Criteria for resources, pollution, native products, chemical and physical characteristics of building materials and identify materials and environmental states in some articles and books the authors studied Sustainability of eco-friendly materials, embodied energy ,Toxic aspects, construction and demolition waste .but in A few of the articles studied exactly about The stability, especially with regard to embody energy building materials Building Facade.

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Considering the vital role of Environmental factors alongside industries’ efforts on effective and efficient use of resources as well as nowadays’ social issues, lead to serious attention to sustainable development. On the other hand, the intensity and necessity of environmental considerations in the steel industry, which has decades of history in Iran, has always been emphasized. Therefore, this paper aims to elaborate the underlying factors of steel industry sustainable development. To this aim, based on prior studies and interviewing experts, the underlying extracted factors scrutinized through ISM approach in order to develop a coherent structure. In the following, the structured factors clustered by MICMAC analysis. In addition, their mutual affects and importance weights, derived by employing ANP on the ISM developed structure. Findings depict that inventory, occupational accidents, human safety and welfare are the most effecting factors of steel industry sustainable development.

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Aim The present study aimed to analyze the strategies based on natural resource potentials to improve the livelihood of rural households in Najafabad region of Kurdistan province using SWOT analysis.
Methods The statistical population of this study included experts and rural residents. The sample size was 337 rural residents and 51 experts based on Cochran formula and matching with Krejcie and Morgan table. The items of questionnaires designed as a rating scale based on the five options Likert. Reliability of questionnaires was determined by Cronbach's alpha that obtained 0.85 for rural residents and 0.82 for experts. SWOT model was used to determine strategies for improving the livelihood of rural households.
Findings According to the results, “natural potentials such as suitable rangelands for animal husbandry” and “the presence of local, committed and experienced manpower in the village” were determined as the most important strengths from the viewpoint of experts and rural residents, respectively. “Traditional use and exploitation of rangeland and agricultural lands” and “high unemployment rate and low income” were determined as the most important weaknesses from the viewpoint of experts and rural residents, with a relative weight of 86.27 and 86.62, respectively. “The existence of a favorable vision and serious effort for rural development in the country” and “providing credit facilities and low-interest loans” were the most important opportunities.
Conclusion A competitive strategy has been obtained for improving the livelihood of the studied region relying on teaching and planning new methods of exploiting water resources and planting drought-resistant species.

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Aims: Understanding the patterns of land use and land cover (LULC) change is important for efficient environmental restoration. This study focused on changes in LULC patterns of the Koupal watershed in Khouzestan Province over 22 years.
Materials and Methods: Multi temporal satellite imagery of the Landsat series (1998 and 2020) were preprocessed and used to extract LULC maps by bayes discriminant and Maximum likelihood rule. Reliability of classified maps were checked using confusion matrix.Transition matrix and change rate were computed by Change detection analysis.  
Findings: The results of the change detection analysis shows that vegetation cover witness of dramatic decrease and changed from 27.6% to 0.06%, followed by water body reduction from 8.59% to 0.79% and bare land decrease from 57.9% to 51% of whole area. The results indicates a rapid expansion of cropland from 5.44% to 41.25% of total area. Sand dune increased from 1.08% of total area in 1998 to 2.75% in 2020 and build up area shows a growth from0.27% of total area. Change matrix revealed that 93% of cropland remained unchanged, followed by bare land (71%), built up (53%), water body (7%), sand dune (6%) and vegetation (0.05%). This indicates that vegetation experienced the most significant loss and highest conversion during this period, with almost 73% of its total area converted to cropland and bare land (22%) and the rest to other land uses.
Conclusion: These results establish LULC trends in past 22 years and provide crucial data useful for planning and sustainable land use management.

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Humans way of life is placing an increasing burden on the planet. We are damaging the natural environment and imposing on the nature for excess of needs dictated by ecological and biological dimensions. This implies, damaging the life of the next generations and negating the principles of sustainable development. Humans detrimental behavior is based on principles of growth paradigm , in which , human comsumption patterns have negative effects on the environment . The current model of development is unsustainable and can not secure the future of human beings on the planet. This article identifies similarities and differences of the paradigms of growth and sustainability. The main contribution of the article is to develop a new conceptual framework for sustainable development by including political parameter as an extra dimension and presenting two conceptual frameworks : 1) for humans and eco-systems wellbeing and 2) for the process of change.

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Aim: According to experts, one of the ways to improve sustainable development in projects is to improve organizational capabilities related to the three dimensions of sustainable development in project-based organizations. The purpose of this study is to identify and assess the status of organizational capabilities for sustainable development in oil and gas project-based organizations in Iran.
Method: In order to in-depth study of sustainable development capabilities in context of Iranian oil and gas organizations, the case study strategy was used in eight Iranian oil and gas organizations. In order to collect information, 23 informants were selected and interviewed. According to the list of capabilities extracted from the literature and the preparation of a capability definition matrix, the interviewees were asked to describe the capabilities that exist in Iranian oil and gas project-based organizations in the field of sustainable development. The data obtained from the interview were coded by deductive qualitative content analysis.
Results: In the present study, the capabilities of sustainable development in oil and gas project-oriented organizations were identified in seven main categories of factors including process, structural, technological, cultural, knowledge, human, political and financial, and the relative status of these capabilities in Iranian oil and gas organizations was examined. The contribution of the present study is due to the fact that the capabilities were identified according to the specific context of Iranian oil and gas organizations, on the other hand, organizational capabilities in all three areas of environmental, social and economic at the same time have been examined.

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Aims: The theory of the transcendence city has been presented with the aim of the quality of life of the citizens, the city and sustainable development. The question is how the city and the citizen can excel in an interactive relationship. The purpose of this study is to explain the components of the transcendence city in three dimensions of environmental, economic and socio-cultural sustainability from the perspective of the Holy Quran.
 
Methods: The research method used in this research is combination of qualitative research and content analysis, based on the strategic planning approach to the interaction of the city and the citizens. The conceptual framework depends on the Transcendence City theory, with an interpretive approach. The content of the Holy Quran is coded in valid interpretation of Al-Mizan. Then, the selected texts were classified and categorized by ATLAS.ti software.
 
Findings: Totally, 315 codes were extracted from the propositions related to the research topic, which were classified into 53 components and 18 categories. Finally, in three dimensions of worldview, orientation, actions and behavior; the final model resulted in three dimensions of environmental, economic and social - cultural sustainability.
 
Conclusion: Conclusion of the research emphasizes on the three basic dimensions such as the divine worldview of citizens, the tendency towards perfection in human beings, and the actions and behavior of citizens within the framework of divine laws in order to reach the sustainable utopia. In the theoretical model described, citizens have a key role to play in creating a sustainable city