Showing 9 results for Social Welfare
Volume 3, Issue 9 (5-2022)
Abstract
The current research was conducted to compile a model of sports entrepreneurship on social well-being with the mediating role of media literacy among physical education students of Payam Noor University in Kermanshah province. The research method was descriptive-survey and based on structural equations that were conducted in the field. The statistical population of the research included all physical education students of Payam Noor University in Kermanshah province (320 people) who entered the first semester of 1399-1400, who were selected as a statistical sample using a stratified random sampling method and based on the Morgan table (175 people) became. Data collection tool using three standard questionnaires: Hoggs and Morgan (2007), Keyes' Social Welfare (1998), and Rajabi's Media Literacy (2012). This research used structural equations to investigate the relationships between the model components, and Smart PLS software was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that sports entrepreneurship on media literacy with an impact factor of 0.74 and a critical value of 15.96, sports entrepreneurship on social well-being with an impact factor of 0.36 and a critical value of 4.85, and media literacy on social well-being with an impact factor 0.51 and critical value 7.28 has had a positive and significant effect. Based on this, sports entrepreneurship has the most significant impact on media literacy, with an impact factor of 0.74, and sports entrepreneurship has the most negligible impact on social well-being, with an impact factor of 0.36. One of the most critical behavioral and human issues governing the development of entrepreneurship and job creation in sports can be raising media literacy in the light of social welfare.
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2006)
Abstract
One of the most important stages of planning process (in all levels) is the evaluation of plans and programs. This process helps to improve plans, decision making and the possibility and reality of plans. Evolution can be accounted as an important factor in modifying the weak points in development plans and increasing the monitoring process. Rural development planning has recently encountered serious challenges such as: employment, participation of local peoples, increase of rural products, poverty alleviation, empowering individuals and trying to decrease regional disparities between the rural and urban areas. In Iran, various governmental organizations in rural areas have been active after the land reform and all of them tried to achieve their special goals. Social welfare organization is one of the most important organizations among them. This organization with its rural social welfare complex provides services to the rural residents. The present research attempted to study a rural welfare complex as a governmental organization and evaluate its role in rural development and social welfare of all villagers, specially the target groups. Therefore, the rural welfare complexes of Sojas, Karasf and Garmab in Khodabandeh suburb were studied using retrospective panel method and through measuring changes in time during T1 (before under coverage) and T2 (after under coverage). The analysis of the social- cultural and economic indicators showed that the function of these complexes are significant in the social affairs of the villagers and ensuring their basic need's compared with other factors α =%5.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Aims: Social health is a person's internal state that determines his ability to communicate with society. The purpose of the study was to find a link between the population's health status and the social development of the Arctic regions in the Russian Federation.
Ideas & Methods: The content of the term social health may change depending on the disciplinary field. There are two main methods to define it; in a broader sense as an analog of social moods, and in a narrower sense, as the emergence of subjective wellbeing.
Findings: Socio-demographic characteristics of the social health of the Russian population showed a negative trend in the growth of crime and drug addiction in the country.
Conclusion: Special attention should be paid to the importance of individual human behavior in determining social health. Each person has unique health factors, depending on age, gender, social status, and financial situation. Lifestyle plays an important role in a healthy lifestyle.
Narsis Amin Rashti, Fatemeh Fahimifar, Ebrahim Siami Araghi,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
In recent decades, the new technologies have been thoroughly discussed to have great impacts on growth in economics literature. This study is aiming at investigating the impact of ICT and social welfare on economic growth. For this purpose, cross-provincial estimation was used by panel data from 2002 to 2006. The variables which are used in this research are per capita GDP, age indicator ICT investment, human capital and pe capita physical investment. The results show that social welfare and ICT have a positive and significant impact on economic growth in all provinces of the country.
Majid Sameti, Hadi Amiri, Saeedeh Izadi,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (2-2016)
Abstract
Tax reform as a part of financial system’s reforms constitutes the core of fiscal policies and economic adjustment process. The widening tax base and rationalizing tax rates are main priorities in this regard. This paper aims to calculate optimal commodity tax rates and marginal cost of social welfare resulting from indirect taxes in Iran. The calculation of marginal cost of social welfare requires determining the own and cross price elasticities of demand and optimal tax rates for goods and services. These parameters are obtained by estimating demand function of ten good and service groups in a linear expenditure system. This system is estimated through seemingly unrelated regression method using data of ten expenditure deciles of urban households in Iran during 1996-2010. The optimal tax rates are calculated using Ramsey method in a multi-person world and Bergson-Samuelson's social welfare function. In this model, a social welfare function is maximized with respect to given tax revenue of government using Lagrange method. Results show that when social inequality aversion parameter is zero, optimal tax rates almost are equal. By increasing this parameter, which fairness rather than efficiency is considered, these rates are diverged, in a way that some commodity groups are entitled to get subsidy. In addition, as social inequality evasion parameter increases, the marginal cost of social welfare resulting from change in commodity tax rates decreases, and welfare loss gets very small in the highest social inequality evasion rate. So, decreasing subsidy among all good and service groups receiving subsidy, and increasing tax on other groups lead to decrease in social welfare.
Ali Hussain Samadi, Dr Mansour Zibaei, Dr Jafar Ghaderi, Mrs. Parisa Bahlouli,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Intervening government and performing environmental policies are among solutions for reducing production externalities and achieving sustainable development. Indeed, institutional quality is an effective factor in selecting optimal environment policies. This paper tries to identify optimal environmental policy among common public tools for intervening (pollution taxes and permits) in the presence of environmental and economic uncertainties with various institutional quality degrees. In this paper, institutional quality is included in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and its effect on choosing environmental policy is considered. The results showed that pollution permit is preferred to taxation on pollution with various institutional quality degrees. In addition, with improvement in institutional quality, if only shock is an environmental shocks, then taxation on pollution will be an optimal policy.
Dr Amir Jabbari, Dr Narges Moradkhani, Mrs. Shiva Habibzadeh,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Findings
The results show that the rate of social welfare resulting from the imposition of a tax on financial services at the tax rate of 4% (optimal rate) is the highest and the tax rate is 9% for insurance services at the optimal rate.
Discussion and Conclusion
One of the important results of this research is the changes in government tax revenue that stem from taxes on financial and insurance services in Iran. It is observed that tax revenues have increased due to both tax regimes and the tax revenues from the financial services are higher than tax revenues from insurance services. This shows that financial services in Iran economic space have more tax capacity than insurance services.
Looking at the Iranian economy in recent years, it is considered that the economic variables do not depict acceptable conditions. Despite the inflation rate reaching over 47%, it is expected that the Iranian economy will experience a decrease of more than 7% in GDP while the unemployment rate will also increase. Examination of livelihood variables also shows a decline in the consumption level of Iranian households for basic goods. Additionally, during these years, capital accumulation has significantly decreased, and for some production sectors, there is negative capital accumulation.
The mentioned situation of the Iranian economy variables shows that Iran is deviated from its long-term growth path and production capacity in Iran's economy is severely degraded. As a result, Iran's economy will be poorer than before and this poverty will reduce consumption.Considering these economic variables, indicators, and research results, such taxes should be applied with great caution, as based on the current economic realities and welfare of society, it can be said that any new tax base until the relative stabilization of the economy and inflation control would result in reducing the consumption of low-income consumers in favor of the government, leading to more unjustified inflation.
Keywords: Financial Services, Economic Growth, Social Welfare, Taxes, Computable General Equilibrium Model
JEL Classification: C68, F43, G21, H21
Volume 26, Issue 3 (12-2022)
Abstract
One of the most important and significant issues in the present study is how to apply economic models in identifying and establishing liability rules. The function of models in analyzing the legal phenomena, including liability rules, is to understand the decision-making logic when encountering interdisciplinary issues so that decisions made by decision-making entities can be optimized in the liability system. The application of the liability rules to achieve the optimization goal by economics makes the nature of the issue raised in these models interdisciplinary. For example, the criterion for the efficiency of liability rules is to create optimal economic incentives to apply care and activity. In fact, the problem facing the presented economic model regarding the rules of liability is to establish the liability rules in cases of unilateral incidents in such a way that the decision variables such as care and activity level, optimality, and the goal contained in the objective function are realized. While emphasizing the role of modeling in identifying and establishing liability rules, the present study strives to first determine the unilateral incident cases and present the criterion for determining these cases and second to conduct analysis of the strict rules of liability and negligence in the cases of unilateral incidents based on the modeling approach. This issue has not been addressed in the research conducted so far. Accordingly, this study presents an example of the application of the modeling method, which indeed a problem with an interdisciplinary nature is presented.
Volume 27, Issue 1 (12-2025)
Abstract
Household-scale economies can be plausibly attributed to shared household public goods that make larger households better off at the same level of per capita resources. This paper examines the role of food and housing in the allocation of Iranian household expenditure, considering co-residence and economies of scale. Using a seemingly unrelated regression model for 2011 and 2021, we predict that, in the presence of shared food and housing, our method (solely) exploits preference information revealed by a cross-section of household observations while accounting for fully unobserved preference heterogeneity. Our findings indicate that scale economies changed significantly from 2011 to 2021 for expenditure categories of food and housing, but not all trends in scale economies are consistent with theoretical predictions. The results show that economies of scale are recognized to be higher in the housing group than in the food group in both periods. However, it has decreased within a decade and intensified due to the lack of appropriate government policy. In this context, the government's policies to encourage population growth have failed, and the population has encountered a low growth rate. Thus, providing support and welfare policy packages such as increasing income policy and household support insurance, as well as assistance in providing housing, are prioritized due to the economies of scale in housing.
