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Showing 11 results for Renewable Energy
Volume 3, Issue 1 (6-2013)
Abstract
There is a close relationship between economic growth and energy consumption. Price is one of the most important parameters which affect energy demand and consumption. Thus, investigating the factors which affect the pricing of different forms of energy is very important. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the most important factors that influence the pricing of renewable energy in Iran. In this study, we use Analytic Network Process to combine social, economic and environmental aspects in order to provide a comprehensive view about the most important factors affecting renewable energy pricing in Iran. The results show that in 1392, economic, financial & technical factors are respectively the most important factors in pricing of renewable energies in Iran.
Volume 8, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Research topic:
The disparity between supply and demand is one of the main obstacles in transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Underground hydrogen storage derived from renewable sources is a suitable method for storing energy from these sources. However, a portion of the stored gas remains in the reservoir as cushion gas, which can add to the operational costs. It is therefore recommended to replace this cushion gas with less expensive alternatives, such as CO2 or sour gas, to reduce these costs. Nevertheless, this replacement can affect the purity and recovery factor of hydrogen, which can be controlled by specific operating parameters. This study will investigate how these parameters can be adjusted to maintain high purity and recovery factor for stored hydrogen.
Research Method:
In this section, a model of a partially depleted gas reservoir was initially constructed using the commercial simulator CMG. Following validation, this model was employed to evaluate the desired parameters. For this purpose, approximately 50% of the reservoir was depleted initially, followed by the injection of the cushion gas for one year. Subsequently, the hydrogen storage process was conducted over a period of 10 years. This research investigates the impact of various parameters, including the duration and rate of hydrogen injection and production, the soaking time and duration of cushion gas injection, the utilization of sour gas as the cushion gas, and the concentration of H2S within it, on the purity and recovery factor of the produced hydrogen.
Main results:
The results showed that increasing the rate of hydrogen injection and production enhances its purity and recovery factor. Reducing the injection period while increasing the extraction period decreases purity but improves recovery, provided that the extraction period does not exceed the injection period. Extending the cushion gas injection time and the interval between injection and hydrogen storage supports the purity and recovery factor of hydrogen. Additionally, in the cushion gas composition, increasing the proportion of H2S above 70% in the sour gas mixture reduces hydrogen purity and recovery by approximately 2% and 3%, respectively, confirming the potential of H2S as a cushion gas.
Integration Reinforcement of Renewable Energy Resources and PHEVs through Hybrid AC-DC Local Network
Volume 12, Issue 2 (7-2012)
Abstract
The share of DC-based Renewable Energy Resources (RERs) and electricity storage systems are increasing due to developments of smart grid technologies. Moreover, the share of DC-based load has rapid growth due to significant developments of power electronic technologies. Therefore, a more flexible power system is required for efficient integration of emerging loads and generators. In this paper, hybrid AC-DC Local Network (LN) is incorporated as an appropriate topology versus conventional AC LN to reinforce the integration of RERs and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). A mixed integer linear model is developed for operation of both hybrid AC-DC LN and conventional AC LN topologies considering high penetration of RERs and PHEVs. This operation model is solved by GAMS optimization software to minimize the operation cost and find the optimum inter-resource scheduling in the day-ahead market. Moreover, investment analysis and reliability assessment are carried out for the mentioned LNs. Numerical study is conducted to evaluate the ability of both topologies for better utilizing the opportunities of integration
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2018)
Abstract
How to provide sustainable and clean sources of energy is probably the most vital question of our world today. The population growth and technology development are leading to an increase in the world energy demand and fast depletion of fuel resources. Our environment is facing critical challenges and there are serious uncertainties with the future availability of fossil fuel. The only possible remedy is to increase the share of clean and renewable energies in total energy use and to make our technology more energy efficient. Marine and offshore renewable energies are from the cleanest types that are available from the boundless energy of fluid flow in the oceans, seas, rivers and channels. In the present study, the wave energy absorption in a channel has been studied. A plate with infinite length and finite width and thickness that is placed at the bottom of a channel has been investigated to absorb the energy of gravity waves. The plate is on a viscoelastic foundation which displays linear behavior. The coupled equations of fluid and plate have been investigated to calculate the vibration characteristics of fluid surface and plate. Subsequently, a proper analysis has been done for the plate's ability to absorb wave energy.
Volume 19, Issue 9 (9-2019)
Abstract
This paper examines the design, manufacture, and analysis a Gamma-type Stirling engine using the solar parabolic collector. The calculation base for designing is so that the size of the solar parabolic collector needed to start the engine is not too large. After finishing the design and manufacturing of the parts, the assembled Stirling engine was initially initiated by a 550W electric heater tested in two non-insulated and insulated conditions for different input power. In the non-insulated state, the Stirling engine has a maximum power of about 68.69W with an output of 12.66%; and insulated mode of Stirling engine maximum watts with an output of 15.72% was obtained. Then we constructed a solar parabolic collector based on the power of the heater used. Designing the collector is such that it has the ability to reflect around 550W. Thus, the diameter of the collector is 1m and its depth is 12cm. This solar parabolic collector provides the power needed by the engine to work during the day. The maximum output power of the solar Stirling engine is about 30W.
Volume 20, Issue 9 (9-2020)
Abstract
Due to the increasing costs of energy and reducing fossil fuel, the use of renewable energy is more important. In this study, the possibility of using hybrid energy systems was evaluated to supply electricity to an animal husbandry unit in Mianeh City. For this purpose, three sources including wind turbine, photovoltaics and diesel generator were evaluated in terms of environmental, technical, and economic. This evaluation was performed by Homer Energy Analysis Software, and the results demonstrated that diesel generator is the least expensive solution in compared to other conditions. Then, analysis of the results showed that hybrids of diesel generator-photovoltaic, wind turbine-diesel generator, and diesel generator-photovoltaics-wind turbine systems have low cost, respectively. But environmental results depicted that the use of triple hybrid system in condition of 38% diesel generator, 51% photovoltaic and 11% wind turbine, has lowest emissions, so that carbon dioxide emissions were reduced by 38.4% compared to single diesel. Considering the capital return index, which is a key indicator in the design of feasibility studies, the time of capital return for using a diesel generator was obtained more than three years and seven months. While this index in the condition of using diesel generator-photovoltaic was obtained less than a year, in this respect, this condition was in the first rank.
Volume 21, Issue 12 (12-2021)
Abstract
Wave conditions have a significant effect on the hydrodynamic behavior of OWC. As the interactions of the WEC and the incident waves are important, therefore, due to the importance of coefficients in evaluating the performance of the OWC, in this paper, the experimental evaluation of dimensionless hydrodynamic coefficients of a MC-OWC is applied. To define the experimental tests, considering the installation location of the converter on the break water, the conditions of the Caspian Sea implemented. Calibration and uncertainty analysis have performed, experimental tests have been carried out in the wave tank of the BNUT. According to the results, assuming a dimensionless water depth, with increasing dimensionless frequency of the wave, the dimensionless coefficient of transmitted wave, the dimensionless coefficient of reflected wave, dimensionless coefficient of discharge and the dimensionless coefficient of pressure increase. The results showed that due to the change of dimensionless wave number from 1.9 to 3.3, discharge coefficients, reflected wave, pressure and transmitted wave are 1.6 times, 2.2 times, 2.8 times, respectively, are 3.5 times, the dimensionless coefficient of the transmitted wave is highly sensitive to the wave conditions; the dimensional coefficient of discharge will have less changes compared to other coefficients. On the other hand, the results showed that the OWC in this study has an efficiency of 41.8% in the best case. This efficiency occurs at the dimensionless natural frequency of 0.88 and the dimensionless water intake depth of 0.032; under these conditions, the amplitude of water fluctuations inside the OWC reaches 9.6 cm.
Mrs. Azam Esfahani, Dr Sara Ghobadi, Dr Karim Azarbayejani,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Volume 22, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Introduction:
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and ecological footprint in 27 developing countries and 27 developed countries during the period 1990-2018.
Methodology:
This paper analyzes the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption, and ecological footprint in 27 selected developing countries and 27 selected developed countries over a period of 1990-2018. The present model was developed according to as Akadiri et al. (2019) and Mohammad et al. (2019), which are in the form of the following three equations:
The EFP is an ecological footprint index that compares the rate of resource consumption and production of human waste with the rate of resource reproduction and waste disposal by the biosphere, being defined in terms of the amount of land needed to maintain this cycle. EG is described as the economic growth. NREC is the consumption of non-renewable energy and includes energy from combustible non-renewable energy, such as oil, gas, hydrocarbons, coal, and nuclear energy. REC is the consumption of renewable energy. FD is financial development. URB is the growth rate of urbanization. TO is the degree of trade openness. L is the labor force. K is an investment. HC is human capital. FR is the fertility rate. MR is the mortality rate. PI is political instability. TEC is the technology. KOFE is the globalization of the economy. In order to analyze the relationship between the mentioned variables, the Generalized Method of Moments (Sys-GMM) was used.
Results and Discussion:
The results showed that in both groups of developed and developing countries, economic growth was correlated with energy consumption and ecological footprint index. Nonrenewable energy consumption, urbanization rate, fertility rate and mortality rate in both groups of the country had positive effects and the renewable energy, technological growth rate and human capital had negative effects on ecological footprint. Economic growth had a negative effect on the ecological footprint of developed countries and a positive effect on the ecological footprint of developing countries, which indicates that more developed countries rely on the use of renewable energy. Ecological footprint has a negative effect and economic growth, urbanization rate and financial development had positive effects on energy consumption in both groups of countries. Ecological footprint has had a negative effect on the economic growth of developed countries and a positive effect on the economic growth of developing countries. Renewable and non-renewable energy, financial development, degree of trade openness, physical capital, labor and economic globalization had positive effects and political instability and mortality rates had negative effects on economic growth in both groups.
Conclusion:
Based on the results of the research, it is suggested that countries, especially developing countries, try to create and use clean energy. High information, proper education, exchange of information with other countries to benefit from the information and advanced goods that are in line with the environment, taxation of producers who use polluting energy and granting tax exemptions and low-interest and long-term loans to producers who use clean energy will reduce the ecological footprint. Given the impact of non-renewable and renewable energy on growth and economic development, the contradiction of the impact of economic growth on the ecological footprint in developed and developing countries indicates that developed countries have adopted an approach based on which renewable energy is used rather than non-renewable energy in the production process. While the use of non-renewable energy sources in developing countries, although leading to economic growth, has led to environmental degradation. Since increasing economic growth is one of the most important economic goals of countries, it is necessary for policymakers to take measures in terms of economic growth, which imposes the least damage to the environment and achieves the goals of sustainable development. In this regard, it is recommended that the developing countries, as well as the developed countries, use renewable and less polluting energy such as solar, wind, and hydropower instead of non-renewable energy.
Mrs. Najme Mohammadi, Dr. Bahram Sahabi, Dr. Hassan Heydari, Dr. Hossein Sadeghi,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (12-2023)
Volume 23, Issue 4 (12-2023)
Abstract
Aim and Introduction
Technology provides an opportunity for the economy to move from polluting sources to renewable sources to meet energy needs. Increasing economic complexity means more use of technology and innovation in production and may cause the expansion of effective technological products such as renewable energy. In the past few decades, the share of renewable energy has increased due to a wide range of factors, such as government regulations to promote the use of renewable energy, reduction in the cost of installing renewable energy and increasing production capacity, oil price fluctuations, and the positive effects of renewable energy in reducing emissions. Carbon and innovation processes have increased in the energy sector. Therefore, in this research, the effects of renewable energy consumption and economic complexity as well as their mutual effects on environmental pollution have been investigated using the GMM method in developing countries over the period 2000-2019.
Methodology
In dynamic models, due to the presence of a lagged dependent variable, OLS or GLS methods cannot be used to estimate the model, because the disturbance components are correlated with the lagged dependent variable, and the estimation results are biased and inconsistent as before. Therefore, to solve this problem, the GMM method proposed by Arellano and Bond (1991) is used. The GMM estimator belongs to the set of instrumental variables’ estimators. In this method, in addition to solve the problem of the correlation of the independent variable with disturbance components, the endogeneity of the variables and the heteroscedasticity of the variances are also removed. It should be noted that this method is applicable when T (number of periods) is smaller than N (number of sections).
Results
The results show that the economic complexity index has a negative and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions in developing countries. Variables such as trade openness and energy intensity increase carbon dioxide emissions, and the Kuznets curve hypothesis is confirmed for developing countries, and economic complexity leads to an upward movement of the Kuznets curve. Renewable energy consumption has a significant effect on reducing carbon dioxide emissions, and also at higher levels of economic complexity, renewable energy consumption causes a greater reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.
Conclusion and Discussion
The need for a more accurate understanding of economic phenomena has prompted economists to review previous theories and present new theories that have a new window to economic development literature. The goal of all countries is to achieve sustainable economic growth and development. Renewable energy technologies are promising, but there is very little information about its role as a limiting factor in reducing environmental pollution, especially in developing countries. Therefore, in this research, the effects of renewable energy consumption and economic complexity as well as their mutual effects on environmental pollution have been investigated using the GMM method in developing countries over the period 2000-2019. The results show that the economic complexity index has a negative and significant effect on the emission of carbon dioxide, so it can be said that for developing countries, moving towards a more knowledge-oriented economy can improve the quality of the environment. The variables of trade openness, energy intensity significantly affect positively CO2 emissions. The EKC hypothesis was confirmed with the positive logarithm of GDP per capita and its negative square coefficient. According to the results of the study, economic complexity in countries under study leads to an upward movement of EKC, which means that as economic complexity increases in developing countries due to increased energy demand, scale effects occur and lead to higher CO2 emissions.
In this study, energy intensity has a positive effect on the increase in carbon dioxide emissions and as a result the increase in environmental pollution in developing countries.
The specific result of this article is the significant effect of renewable energy consumption on the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in developing countries. At higher levels of economic complexity, renewable energy consumption causes a greater reduction in CO2 emissions. In terms of the role of complexity, it can be argued that in countries under consideration, the share of renewable energy should be significantly increased by using innovation processes in the energy sector. Considering the negative effects of the share of renewable energies on carbon dioxide emissions per capita, it is suggested to define new patterns of energy consumption by relying on renewable energies in development programs and using incentive tools to replace renewable energies instead of fossil fuels to reduce pollution. Developing countries should support knowledge-based industries, increase the import and production of environmentally friendly technologies, and increase the share of renewable energy in their plans to protect the environment. In addition, pricing strategies can be proposed to avoid increased fossil fuel consumption.
Technology provides an opportunity for the economy to move from polluting sources to renewable sources to meet energy needs. Increasing economic complexity means more use of technology and innovation in production and may cause the expansion of effective technological products such as renewable energy. In the past few decades, the share of renewable energy has increased due to a wide range of factors, such as government regulations to promote the use of renewable energy, reduction in the cost of installing renewable energy and increasing production capacity, oil price fluctuations, and the positive effects of renewable energy in reducing emissions. Carbon and innovation processes have increased in the energy sector. Therefore, in this research, the effects of renewable energy consumption and economic complexity as well as their mutual effects on environmental pollution have been investigated using the GMM method in developing countries over the period 2000-2019.
Methodology
In dynamic models, due to the presence of a lagged dependent variable, OLS or GLS methods cannot be used to estimate the model, because the disturbance components are correlated with the lagged dependent variable, and the estimation results are biased and inconsistent as before. Therefore, to solve this problem, the GMM method proposed by Arellano and Bond (1991) is used. The GMM estimator belongs to the set of instrumental variables’ estimators. In this method, in addition to solve the problem of the correlation of the independent variable with disturbance components, the endogeneity of the variables and the heteroscedasticity of the variances are also removed. It should be noted that this method is applicable when T (number of periods) is smaller than N (number of sections).
Results
The results show that the economic complexity index has a negative and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions in developing countries. Variables such as trade openness and energy intensity increase carbon dioxide emissions, and the Kuznets curve hypothesis is confirmed for developing countries, and economic complexity leads to an upward movement of the Kuznets curve. Renewable energy consumption has a significant effect on reducing carbon dioxide emissions, and also at higher levels of economic complexity, renewable energy consumption causes a greater reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.
Conclusion and Discussion
The need for a more accurate understanding of economic phenomena has prompted economists to review previous theories and present new theories that have a new window to economic development literature. The goal of all countries is to achieve sustainable economic growth and development. Renewable energy technologies are promising, but there is very little information about its role as a limiting factor in reducing environmental pollution, especially in developing countries. Therefore, in this research, the effects of renewable energy consumption and economic complexity as well as their mutual effects on environmental pollution have been investigated using the GMM method in developing countries over the period 2000-2019. The results show that the economic complexity index has a negative and significant effect on the emission of carbon dioxide, so it can be said that for developing countries, moving towards a more knowledge-oriented economy can improve the quality of the environment. The variables of trade openness, energy intensity significantly affect positively CO2 emissions. The EKC hypothesis was confirmed with the positive logarithm of GDP per capita and its negative square coefficient. According to the results of the study, economic complexity in countries under study leads to an upward movement of EKC, which means that as economic complexity increases in developing countries due to increased energy demand, scale effects occur and lead to higher CO2 emissions.
In this study, energy intensity has a positive effect on the increase in carbon dioxide emissions and as a result the increase in environmental pollution in developing countries.
The specific result of this article is the significant effect of renewable energy consumption on the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in developing countries. At higher levels of economic complexity, renewable energy consumption causes a greater reduction in CO2 emissions. In terms of the role of complexity, it can be argued that in countries under consideration, the share of renewable energy should be significantly increased by using innovation processes in the energy sector. Considering the negative effects of the share of renewable energies on carbon dioxide emissions per capita, it is suggested to define new patterns of energy consumption by relying on renewable energies in development programs and using incentive tools to replace renewable energies instead of fossil fuels to reduce pollution. Developing countries should support knowledge-based industries, increase the import and production of environmentally friendly technologies, and increase the share of renewable energy in their plans to protect the environment. In addition, pricing strategies can be proposed to avoid increased fossil fuel consumption.
Mrs Najme Mohamadi, Dr Bahram Sahabi, Dr Hassan Heydari, Dr Hosin Sadeghi,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (5-2024)
Volume 24, Issue 2 (5-2024)
Abstract
Introduction
Economic complexity is an index that has been raised in the last decade and indicates the use of technology in the process of producing goods and services of a country, which leads to increased economic growth and prosperity by creating a productive structure in the composition, increased productivity and diversity of manufactured products. Economic complexity is expected to affect energy consumption because the type of products produced is an important determinant of energy consumption. If countries operate in energy-intensive industries such as metals, chemicals, and forest products, energy consumption will be high, and if they specialize in low energy and highly complex products, energy consumption in these countries will decrease. In addition, the level of technological knowledge of countries can significantly affect energy efficiency. Therefore, in this research, the effects of economic complexity and economic growth on renewable, non-renewable and total energy consumption in developing and developed countries in the period of 2000-2020 have been investigated by GMM method.
Methodology
GMM estimator is a subset of instrumental variable method estimators. In this method, in addition to solving the problem of correlation of the independent variable with disturbance components, the endogeneity of the variables and the heterogeneity of the variance of the model are also solved. It should be noted that this method is applicable when T is smaller than N (number of segments).
Results
The results of this research show that the economic complexity index affects the development of renewable energy in developing and developed countries and also causes a decrease in the use of non-renewable energy and total energy consumption in developed countries and an increase in the use of non-renewable and total energy consumption in developing countries. It is currently being developed. In this research, the opening of trade has had a positive effect on the consumption of renewable energy in both groups of countries, and in developed countries, the opening of trade has reduced the consumption of non-renewable and total energy, and in developing countries, the opposite result has been obtained. In both groups of countries, energy consumption has a positive relationship with income level. Also, the results show that if economic growth is accompanied with higher technology, it can lead to a lower increase in total energy consumption in both groups of countries.
Conclusion and Discussion
As mentioned in the introduction, economic complexity represents a complex and knowledge-based production structure of a given country that takes a long time to mature. When economic complexity increases, the use of non-renewable energy and environmental degradation increases first in a given country. However, with the increase of environmental preferences in a society, the economic actors change their energy by using non-renewable energy habits. This is completely consistent with the results of the estimation models as explained above. Based on the obtained results, it can be said that economic complexity is a policy factor for the overall transformation of renewable energy and demand for greener energy. The study recommends that complexity and structural change policies should be implemented for cleaner and greener growth and overall promotion of greener energy in developing and developed countries. Due to the movement of developing countries towards the development of technology, the need for energy will increase in the coming years. Hence, there is a need for policymakers to plan to meet energy needs. Considering the existing limitations in the use of fossil energy, which leads to complications such as environmental pollution and resource depletion, necessary investments should be made for the development of clean and renewable energy. In order to reduce energy consumption, policies that increase energy efficiency or prevent any form of waste should be formulated, especially in economic sectors. In this regard, Can and Guzgur recommend that the level of fossil energy consumption in each industry should be clearly estimated and based on that, governments should establish specific laws for each industry. Through developing policies related to trade facilitation, they should also reduce the cost of importing new technologies, or decrease the cost of discovering new technologies via financing research and development institutions. Governments should promote energy regulations to reduce fossil fuel dependence and energy intensity. Future studies could examine the impact of economic complexity on energy demand in terms of oil-importing versus oil-exporting economies. Examining the effects of economic complexity on different aspects of energy (e.g., electric and nuclear energy) can be an important research question for researchers working on energy strategy.
Economic complexity is an index that has been raised in the last decade and indicates the use of technology in the process of producing goods and services of a country, which leads to increased economic growth and prosperity by creating a productive structure in the composition, increased productivity and diversity of manufactured products. Economic complexity is expected to affect energy consumption because the type of products produced is an important determinant of energy consumption. If countries operate in energy-intensive industries such as metals, chemicals, and forest products, energy consumption will be high, and if they specialize in low energy and highly complex products, energy consumption in these countries will decrease. In addition, the level of technological knowledge of countries can significantly affect energy efficiency. Therefore, in this research, the effects of economic complexity and economic growth on renewable, non-renewable and total energy consumption in developing and developed countries in the period of 2000-2020 have been investigated by GMM method.
Methodology
GMM estimator is a subset of instrumental variable method estimators. In this method, in addition to solving the problem of correlation of the independent variable with disturbance components, the endogeneity of the variables and the heterogeneity of the variance of the model are also solved. It should be noted that this method is applicable when T is smaller than N (number of segments).
Results
The results of this research show that the economic complexity index affects the development of renewable energy in developing and developed countries and also causes a decrease in the use of non-renewable energy and total energy consumption in developed countries and an increase in the use of non-renewable and total energy consumption in developing countries. It is currently being developed. In this research, the opening of trade has had a positive effect on the consumption of renewable energy in both groups of countries, and in developed countries, the opening of trade has reduced the consumption of non-renewable and total energy, and in developing countries, the opposite result has been obtained. In both groups of countries, energy consumption has a positive relationship with income level. Also, the results show that if economic growth is accompanied with higher technology, it can lead to a lower increase in total energy consumption in both groups of countries.
Conclusion and Discussion
As mentioned in the introduction, economic complexity represents a complex and knowledge-based production structure of a given country that takes a long time to mature. When economic complexity increases, the use of non-renewable energy and environmental degradation increases first in a given country. However, with the increase of environmental preferences in a society, the economic actors change their energy by using non-renewable energy habits. This is completely consistent with the results of the estimation models as explained above. Based on the obtained results, it can be said that economic complexity is a policy factor for the overall transformation of renewable energy and demand for greener energy. The study recommends that complexity and structural change policies should be implemented for cleaner and greener growth and overall promotion of greener energy in developing and developed countries. Due to the movement of developing countries towards the development of technology, the need for energy will increase in the coming years. Hence, there is a need for policymakers to plan to meet energy needs. Considering the existing limitations in the use of fossil energy, which leads to complications such as environmental pollution and resource depletion, necessary investments should be made for the development of clean and renewable energy. In order to reduce energy consumption, policies that increase energy efficiency or prevent any form of waste should be formulated, especially in economic sectors. In this regard, Can and Guzgur recommend that the level of fossil energy consumption in each industry should be clearly estimated and based on that, governments should establish specific laws for each industry. Through developing policies related to trade facilitation, they should also reduce the cost of importing new technologies, or decrease the cost of discovering new technologies via financing research and development institutions. Governments should promote energy regulations to reduce fossil fuel dependence and energy intensity. Future studies could examine the impact of economic complexity on energy demand in terms of oil-importing versus oil-exporting economies. Examining the effects of economic complexity on different aspects of energy (e.g., electric and nuclear energy) can be an important research question for researchers working on energy strategy.
Volume 24, Issue 6 (11-2022)
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the intention of traditional ranchers to use biogas in rural areas of Iran conducted among the traditional ranchers in the provinces of Fars, Khorasan Razavi, Kermanshah, and Golestan (N= 91,325). The sample, composed of 383 traditional ranchers, was taken by stratified random sampling. The measurement tool was a questionnaire whose face and content validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was estimated in a pilot study by calculating Cronbach’s Alpha. The results showed that the indicators used to measure the research variables were consistent enough with the factor structure and theoretical framework of the research. It was found that normative processes had a significant positive impact on the habitual processes and intention of the traditional ranchers. Also, the effect of situational influences was positive and significant on normative processes, habitual processes, and the intention of the traditional ranchers. In addition, habitual processes and attitudes influenced intention to use biogas positively and significantly. It is concluded that the results have significant implications for the use of rigorous theoretical frameworks such as the Comprehensive Action Determination Model (CADM) when attempting to understand the intention to use biogas.
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