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On the factors affecting economic growth and per-capita income, the less attention has been paid to “population age structure”. We aim to investigate the effect of changes in population age structure on per capita income in Iran. To do this, we identify the most important effective channels according to review of literature. Then we design an empirical model that indicates the relationship between population age structure and per-capita income based on the neoclassical growth literature. In the next step we estimate and test the model in three specifications by Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) method during 1968-2010. The results indicate that the per capita income elasticity of labor supply (as the direct effectiveness channel of changes in population age structure on per capita income) is positive. In addition, indirect channels (which include savings, human capital and government spending) indicate that the per capita income elasticity with respect to an increase in share of population between the ages 15 to 64 is positive, and per capita income elasticity with respect to an increase in share of population below age 15 and above age 65 is negative.  

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Economic security is one of the most important aspects of national security. It is a basic pillar of the economies for achieving economic development and improving social welfare, too. The demographic changes may widely affect the development and trend of target variables of the economy. The identification of the effects of demographic changes on economic security can help policy-making and planning of economic development. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of age structure of the population on economic security in Iran during the period 1981-2016. In this regard, the economic security index (ESI) is firstly estimated using fuzzy logic. The findings indicate the instability of this index. Then, the impact of demographic model of Iran along with other variables affecting Iran's economic security is evaluated using generalized method of moments (GMM). The results show that age structure of the population has a negative and significant effect on Iran's economic security. Population growth, capital stock, financial development, trade openness, and saving rates have positive and significant impacts on the ESI. However, the inflation rate has no significant effect on the ESI. Iran’s population is rapidly aging, and if the current trend continues, the limited economic resources should be assigned to meet the needs of the elderly instead of investing in productive sectors. Therefore, there is a need for planning to tackle this problem.