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This paper examines the existence of β-Convergence between per-capita incomes of selected Islamic countries. For this purpose, data over the period 1965-2006 and a time series approach proposed by Vogelsang (1998) are applied. Robustness of the estimated parameters to the presence of unit roots and/or serial correlations in the residuals is the main advantage of this method. The results show that per-capita income of most countries is converging to the average per-capita income of the selected Islamic countries, which provide evidence of β-Convergence. Cameroon, Indonesia, Malaysia, Niger, Chad, and Togo are the countries that have shown some forms of divergence either before the break date or after that. The estimated break dates are clustered and mostly related to the energy shocks in 1974, 1979, and 1986.

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This paper considers the concept of a legal person on the base of temporary legal terminology and the globally accepted notion of The Family to discuss about the acceptability of the legal personality for the family in the legal systems of Iran, Islamic countries, main west and Islamic jurisprudence. Despite the claim that the legal personality for the family has been accepted in some historical, philosophical and legal reports, this paper proves that the origin of such reports is the emotional dissolution of family members in the collective identity of the family that is far from the notion of legal personality in its definite term. Similar to other countries, this identity (not the legal personality) has formed the subject of some Family Acts in our country. According to the Roman-Germanic law, common law, rules of Islamic countries and the position of Islamic law, we have discussed and rejected the statements and various templates that may indicate or form the reason for the benefit of the "Theory of Legal Personality" of the Family”. 

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The present paper attempts to estimate the relationship between labor productivity and health, technological progress and education, using panel data observing 57-nation Orgamization of Islamic Coopeation, OIC over the period of 1995-2009. A two-step procedure was used with the first involving an estimate of labor productivity based on observations in the  OPEC, GCC and ECO member countries and also African nations within the Islamic countries.  The second step involved an estimate of the effect on labor productivity of health, technological progress and education. Our findings indicate that labor productivities in Islamic countries with some exceptions on an average are above 3 with the highest of 12 belonging to Azerbaijan. Exceptions are Somalia and Gabon with negative productivities and Brunei and Cameroun with productivities around one. The only variable influencing labor productivity in the Islamic countries is health with technology and education having no meaningful influence.
 
 

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Undoubtedly, one of the most important legal and judicial challenges in Islamic countries’ criminal law is the duality of Sharia and Law. Despite the Constitutions’ emphasis of the vast majority of Islamic countries that Islam is the official religion and the foundations of Islamic Law are the main source of legislation, in practice, except in a few Islamic countries, including Iran, there is no sign of Islamic Law.
   In criminal laws and regulations of countries such as Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon, not only can no trace of Islamic Sharia be found, but also in them can be seen a serious conflict with the principles of Islamic Sharia, especially the Qurchr('39')an and Sunnah. In this regard, explaining the reason and investigating the most important causes of duality is the main purpose of this study.
   Findings of research in this article show that important and influential causes on the duality of Sharia and Law in Islamic countries are the occupation of some Islamic countries, the influence of intellectual and secular currents in the criminal law system, the globalization of criminal law and inattention to Haqq Allah (what is due to God/God’s right) and contentment with Haqq al-Nas (what is due to men/people’s right).
   This research which using descriptive-analytical method and using library resources, explains the reasons and consequences of the duality of Sharia and Law in Islamic countries.