Showing 8 results for Information and Communication Technology
Volume 4, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Abstract
Aims: Urban spaces in the age of technology are changing in all dimensions due to the addition of connected users, and neglecting to recognize these developments has distanced us from the current content of the urban space and deprived the city planners of the possibility of efficient planning and appropriate use of technology. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to explain the changes made in public spaces based on the dimensions of the urban space of Carmona under the influence of modern communication and information technologies.
Methods: This research is looking for the theories of public space in a historical process and by adopting an interpretative approach and benefiting from qualitative content analysis in the context of Atlas analytical software to analyze the changes of public space in the age of technology according to the six dimensions. Carmona urban space.
Findings: findings indicate that the impact of the technology paradigm was not the same in all aspects of the urban space. Among the most important ones, we can mention the transfer of social interactions from the space of place to the space of flow, the flexibility of the functional space, the formation of an independent perceptual system, and the weakening of the concept of access.
Conclusion: The results show that because of technology in urban areas, although all dimensions of urban spaces have undergone changes in some way, but the most changes have taken place in functional and social areas. Based on these changes, a redefinition of public spaces has been explained and presented in accordance with the characteristics of the technological era.
Volume 10, Issue 4 (9-2022)
Abstract
Aims: The spread of the Corona pandemic has affected the status of companies involved in information and communication technology. This study aimed to investigate individuals’ subjective perspectives on the use of ICT (online businesses, virtual meetings, e-learning, and generally the role and impact of cyberspace) and finally evaluate people’s willingness to pay.
Materials & Methods: In this study, a conditional logit model was used. The required information was collected through a field survey by completing a questionnaire from 384 respondents of Tehran citizens in 2021.
Findings: Based on the information from the questionnaires filled, more than 75% of the respondents rated the use of cyberspace capabilities for encountering Corona disease as moderate and high. The result of estimating people’s willingness to pay for the feature of “use of information and communication technology” in the present study was 5600000 Rials.
Conclusion: Considering the capabilities of this technology and its position among the people, it is necessary to put on the agenda ICT penetration expansion and planning to make maximum use of its capabilities in similar pandemics and crises.
Volume 15, Issue 1 (1-2008)
Abstract
The current research tries to offer a conceptual model in order to create trust among people for choosing virtual universities. To this end, the conceptual model of research has been designed with nine factors. The relationship among factors tested by using statistical methods such as factor analysis and path analysis. In the end, five components were established from among the affecting factors of student trust towards these virtual universities. They are: academic reputation, administrative efficacy, size, economical factor of studying and the suitable environmental conditions for virtual universities activity. However, it was established that the role of each of these components in creating trust towards virtual universities were different from those predicted by the researchers. Also, it was established that student's willingness toward choosing virtual universities is being influenced by the trust factor.
Dr Yousef Eisazadeh Roshan, Dr Majid Agahaei,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (12-2019)
Abstract
This paper aims to examine the effects of access to information and communication technology (ICT) on income distribution in Iranian provinces, with an emphasis on the per capita income and education. Using economic theories, the relationship between access to ICT and income distribution was evaluated within a dynamic panel model by use of Generalized method of moments (GMM) during 2010-2015. The results indicate that access to ICT significantly reduces income inequality. In addition, education as a complement factor for ICT, strengthens the positive impact of access to ICT on reducing income inequality. This impact is greater among provinces having lower GDP per capita than nation-wide GDP per capita. Furthermore, inflation rate leads to an increase in income inequality, and government spending is not an influential factor in the proper distribution of income in the provinces of Iran.
Volume 20, Issue 4 (1-2017)
Abstract
This paper aims to analysis the effects of information and communication technology on social and economic life style in the rural Areas of the Meshkinshar County. This study is developmental in based on objective, descriptive and survey in based on nature and causal-comparative and analytical in based on method. The Statistical society includes all villages that have had ICT office and the sample size was estimated 377 people based on the Cochran formula which were distributed relatively in proportion to the population of villages. On the basis of review of the literature, a questionnaire was developed to collect the necessary data. The tool used in measuring the questionnaire was made by the researcher. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha (0.76-0.82). For data analysis, SPSS software was used. For data analysis, SPSS software was used. The results of research showed that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between all variables of research (except of religion changes and nutrition pattern) and using of ICT services. Finally, based on the results analysis, some applied recommendations have been provided.
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Dr Mahnaz Rabiei,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Today, information and communication technology (ICT) has affected human societies in all dimensions. Despite its significant effects on the economic, political and social development of societies, this technology also has adverse effects. Among these effects, we can mention the background of information and communication technology on social actions and conflicts. Accordingly, in this study, using Autoregressive Distributed Lag method the effect of information and communication technology and income distribution (Gini coefficient) on social unrest was investigated in Iran during the period 1984-2018. The Internal Conflict Index presented by the ICRG Political Risk Index was used as a proxy for social unrest. The results showed that information and communication technology and unfair income distribution significantly increases social unrest in Iran. As well as Inflation also significantly increases social unrest in Iran. However, GDP per capita has no significant effect on Iran's social unrest. Therefore, the policy of developing information and communication technology based on the internal Internet network, improving income distribution and curbing inflation in controlling Iran's social unrest seems necessary.
Mrs Fatemeh Arianfar, Dr Zahra (mila) Elmi,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (5-2024)
Abstract
Introduction:
Economic stability via Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has sparked interesting discussions among scholars. ICT plays a crucial role in realizing sustainable development objectives. Globally, the prospective advantages of ICT are widely acknowledged. Some research has solely emphasized ICT's role in mitigating air pollution, but the ecological implications of ICT have largely been overlooked. This article is pioneering in domestic studies of ICT's influence on ecological footprint. In addition, the present research uniquely computes the ICT index through the principal component method, distinguishing it from other ICT studies conducted within Iran. In recent times, the ecological footprint has been embraced as a broader gauge for assessing environmental damage. One reason for this choice is that other environmental harm indicators, such as air and water pollution, deforestation, and others, only represent a part of the total environmental degradation. However, the ecological footprint index incorporates diverse elements like agricultural lands, pastures, fishing areas, forests, carbon footprint, and constructed lands, hence offering a more holistic measure. Concerning the topic in question, it is evident from national studies that there has been little research on identifying the factors contributing to the ecological footprint.
Methodology:
In this research, we investigate the impact of the information and communication technology (ICT) index on selected oil-exporting countries' ecological footprint from 2006 to 2020. To do this, we use the generalized moments method. We extracted the model of this research from the studies of Higon et al. (2017) and Caglar et al. (2021) for carbon dioxide emissions. The variables of our study include the ecological footprint (as the dependent variable), the information and communication technology index (an explanatory variable calculated using the principal component analysis (PCA) method), and control variables such as GDP per capita, exports of goods and services, financial development, and economic Complexity Index which is chosen on the review of other studies. The data used for this study are taken from databases such as the World Bank and the Global Resource Footprint Network and the Atlas of Economic Complexity.
Discussion and Conclusion:
Given the challenges posed by global warming to current and future generations, this study aims to explore the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on the ecological footprint in chosen oil-exporting nations. This study studied the inverse U relationship of the information and communication technology index with the emission of ecological footprints from 2006 to 2020. The ecological footprint is an index of the amount of environmental pollution and a more comprehensive index than CO2. A data description was undertaken before estimating the model. The research model, built on theoretical underpinnings and past studies, was structured, and estimated by the Generalized Moments Method.
The findings showed a non-linear connection between ICT and the ecological footprint in oil-exporting countries. ICT augments the ecological footprint per capita before a certain threshold, but it begins to diminish after that.
The positive and significant coefficient of GDP per capita indicates the increase in ecological footprint per capita for the increase of GDP per capita. This result indicates that economic activities such as industrialization and development cause the exploitation of natural resources, which causes more pollution.
Financial development has had a positive and significant effect on the ecological footprint. To prevent the destructive effect of financial development on the environment, governments in selected oil-exporting countries should develop financial markets in such a way that financial resources are available for investing in projects that help introduce clean energy technologies.
The economic complexity index has had a negative and significant effect on the per capita ecological footprint. In fact, the expansion of economic complexity in the studied countries will lead to the reduction of the ecological footprint. According to the obtained result, the economic complexity index can be considered as one of the ecological footprint control factors; Therefore, the production of more complex goods that contain higher technology can lead to a reduction in energy consumption and ecological footprint; Therefore, governments can provide tax exemptions and subsidies for those companies that use new technology and clean energy, and also support knowledge-based products.
The influence of goods and services exports on the ecological footprint has been negative and substantial. The significance of the quality and diversity of exported goods regarding environmental destruction has not yet been thoroughly considered. Therefore, the focus should be on enhancing the quality of export goods via cleaner production methods. Overall energy consumption should also be reduced in all countries, with policymakers prioritizing the use of renewable energy resources and promoting the reduction of fossil-fuel energy export products.
The influence of urban population growth on the ecological footprint has been positive and substantial. Essentially, uncontrolled population growth, especially in developing countries, creates grave issues including scarcity of food, poor air and water quality, environmental contamination, degradation of the ecological structure, waste disposal problems, and high energy usage.
Volume 24, Issue 6 (11-2022)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the mediation role of motivation in the relationships between awareness, accessibility, perceived organizational support, and adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The data was obtained using the multi-stage cluster sampling method with questionnaires administered to 254 respondents. While structural equation modelling was used for the analysis, Constructivism Theory, Digital Divide Theory, as well as Vroom's Expectancy Theory were adopted in the study. The majority of the respondents were males, married, and in their middle age with long years of work experience who had also obtained either high school diploma or Bachelor degree. The direct relationship paths showed that the exogenous construct [awareness, accessibility, Perceived Organizational Support (POS)] had a direct positive effect on the endogenous construct (ICT adoption) with an R2 value of .23 (23%). The final model has an R2 of 0.47 (47%) of the variation in ICT adoption explained by the model with a substantial increase in the direct model, which explains 23% of the variation. The mediation effect of motivation in the relationships between awareness, accessibility, POS, and ICT adoption was also established indicating partial mediation. The study recommends that extension organizations should be mindful of the motivation levels of their employee to facilitate the adoption of ICT in extension work, which will facilitate timely delivery of messages, cover the manpower shortages, reduce cost, as well as a total transformation of agricultural development in the area.
