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Considering the vast changes in different aspects of life and various ways of earning livelihood, flexibility in contemporary housing design can be regarded as an appropriate solution in order to prevent from discreteness in interactions within the society and environment and among people. That is because a residence must be designed according to the changing needs of modern human. Traditional houses in Iran have already contained this concept, in modern era however, such viewpoint towards housing cannot be seen so often. Flexibility refers to the idea of adaptation throughout the time. Therefore it can be said that a flexible settlement is a house that can be adapted with the needs of the users and will lead to understanding the users’ expected demands with their own cooperation. Peoples’ cooperation in this process will increase the possibility of adaptation of housing with their needs which will eventually increase the general satisfaction of the housing. This research discusses the issue of flexibility and the related concepts in the field of housing with emphasis on some residential projects. Every settlement is depended on its user and the ground for its adaptation. Therefore, in terms of general design, we can say that settlement is dependent on both the environment and the user. Since human beings normally demand variety and  monotonous environmental conditions make human beings unsatisfied and bored; they usually have a favorable and positive view towards changes in their living environment. These varieties can range from some minor changes up to basic ones such as a change in the residential house itself. Flexibility in architectural design indicates variety. Such variety includes the possibility of adjustment and compatibility of a residential unit throughout time. It will eventually lead the building to show new varieties of its own. In order to demonstrate flexibility, the architects have to put the probable needs of the users into consideration in the process of designing. In other words, a “long-term thought” is required in designing.Flexibility in housing can be investigated from two points of views: first, from users’ point of view and secondly the innovative construction. Designing consists of four main issues: (1) structural system; (2) servicing spaces; (3) architectural design; and (4) facilities for environmental flexibility. The present study tries to express the concept of flexibility as a “new form of challenging architecture”. This is done using some examples and instances. From such viewpoint, the goal this study tries to attain is to survey the limitations and boundaries of flexible designing. This is done by analyzing the selected items. This way, the architect can turn flexibility into an opportunity and produce creative options in his/her work and design. The present study was conducted using library-based method and case study with the aim of studying and discussing the conceptual and operational grounds of housing design in different countries. The structure and main framework of the present study stands on the idea that flexibility can be used for  housing development in all eras and periods as a general concept and includes different types itself.

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Problem statement: Sense of place means people's mental perception of the environment and their more or less conscious feelings of their environment, which puts a person in an internal relationship with the environment, so that the understanding and feeling of the person is linked to the semantic context of the environment. Will be integrated. This sense is the factor that turns a space into a place with special sensory and behavioral characteristics for special people. The environment is made up of both physical and social aspects. Humans create places around them, and a place independent of humans has no meaning.
Aim: To analyze human interaction with the environment in terms of the effects of perception and behavior on the sense of belonging to a place in Mehr housing complexes.
Methods: The present study is descriptive-analytical in nature and the statistical population of the study is the residents of Mehr Mokrian Housing Complex in Mahabad. For data analysis, structural equations were used by second-order factor analysis with Amos software.
Results: The results showed that human needs have the greatest effect on creating a sense of place with 0.946 with the effect of perception and behavior in human interaction with the environment and the least effect is related to the interpretive dimension with a collective effect of 0.531 Be.
Conclusion: All the dimensions studied in the present study have an effect on creating a sense of place in human interaction with their environment.
 

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Home is the first human space in which to experience the sense of space. Building a house is a cultural phenomenon, and the shape and spatial organization is strongly influenced by culture which it belongs. Neglect or lack of adequate housing with the Islamic Iranian approach that values and traditions in the face of the housing body and trampled, and people benefit from good deeds and keep its value. Concerns related to the past and failure in creating an architecture that can properly continue the development of history and architectural values and have a share in the world›s contemporary architecture And to contribute to the objectives and components of fundamental Islamic Iranian traditional architecture, Based on these concepts and applying them in a new frame necessitates the attention to today›s architecture. Home environment as an important part of community life and its cultural manifestations, from the perspective of doctor pirnia: «Home is where the residents are feeling upset and inside the house where women and children lived, should have a large variety to Do not feel fatigue . The most striking features that can be named to the Big House: - The co-existence of three types of open, semi-open and closed. - There are specific installation in any building space for the three species. - There are various whole space of the private sphere to the public at home. - The possibility of the private lives of families in all three types of space. - Flexible space to a dynamic lifestyle and behavior of human cases. Entrance, the spatial index and the adequacy of possible pause. The most familiar symbol of the entrance to the house was home, but semi-private spaces that the privacy of the home and the neighbors began to get to the entrance. Iranian house in terms of spatial variation was too high and it was seen in very diverse areas. Home is the most important criterion to evaluate the city›s physical shape and obviously no house loses everything in their meaning.and functions to consider and simply removed from the location of other city can say to set it. It is stated that the concept of home: the house is the birthplace of the hierarchy of the various functions of living need to live in a house for us is always there in tablet or elsewhere, says is settled to be space in which the concept the home of it. Home is not only asylum Drhfaz days and nights we could have it your closet because of our past, we have repeatedly opened and closed. Islamic civilization trait of the house in operation, according to the houses are situated, stillness and peace: and Allah Jllkm I settled Byvtkm (Nahl verse 80) God gave you a comfort for your home. Name the location of this attribute (inertia), ie housing on the property of the family life implies, many times in the Qur›an and the fact that houses are a symbol and a source of comfort, the architects have employed a variety of measures.The houses spatial organization closely associated with the way people and a variety of intermediate spaces simultaneously separating and connecting the spaces are. Another feature of Iranian house Fzahast ability to use the constituent elements of this empowerment happens space. In today›s society, the houses are made from the perspective and quantitative methods and qualitative aspects have not paid much attention to the people in their home environment and not recognized and Iranian calm and quiet the house is expected to, housing today is not responsive to their needs. Lack of quality in housing would undermine the sanctity of the family, adverse effects on children and families belonging to the house eliminates. The assumptions considered in this study include: 1.satisfied residents living in Islamic housing and the connections between people are as meaningful and positive. 2. components of security and comfort, privacy, use of natural factors and humility and authenticity in apartment house in improving the quality of housing today with Islamic Iran Quality importance and necessity of this research is effective, all of us are Muslims and in the community Muslim lives-wemust use the housing Iranians have which features a housing in which to achieve peace. This study, by recognizing the sensitivity and importance of housing and desirable identity, necessity, and research in this field, both in Islam and in the field of architecture and urban planning principles and principles of Islam, according to the needs and circumstances of the present essential-knows. Because the influence of Islamic values living spaces in all, a very useful and positive. The selection of this project is trying to respond to one of the country›s current problems is the lack of implementation of housing today with Iranian-Islamic criteria.It is expected, based on the principles for housing contemporary Iranian Islamic law can be extracted. The opposite can be done.presented. These principles, how Muslims live and how their relationship with the community and the surrounding area offer. According to Iran›s Culture and Islamic architecture, houses should be built in such a way that these principles into consideration and, therefore, designers should use these principles as policy design. In other words, houses an Iranian Muslim and Islamic beliefs and the result of Iranian cultural values consistent with it. The research method is a descriptive survey to determine the needs and requirements of the current situation of Iranian-Islamic architectural design has been done we do. And by distributing questionnaires among the professionals and graduates heading architecture. Qualitative research method in this study is an analysis and survey. The population in this research professionals and students of architecture in the University (martyr Rajaee Teacher Training, Tehran University of Qom, Mashhad Ferdowsi) is. Sampling randomly from among graduates and professionals with a sample size of 150 is architecture and accuracy the number of samples were confirmed using Cronbach and the size is perfect to fill the questionnaire. Current research tool in the study of the documents, the most important library resources such as books, magazines, study of written documents, regulations and is planning projects. In addition, the study of different means and methods of data collection used questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaire consisted of three questions open and 41 closed questions is the main aim of the Islamic-Iranian architecture of the residential variable and discover how accurate their priorities from the perspective of university professors, experts in the field of architecture. After collecting data from sample results for the descriptive analysis in the form of charts and tables, etc. show and then using statistical analysis using software SPSS21 to a series of appropriate information to It was designed to help. The results show that to return to the Iranian- Islamic architecture pattern, in the design and implementation of modern residential complexes, four factors «comfort and safety», «privacy», «natural agents» and «humility in the house» are as shared characteristics, factors on the basis of today›s Iranian Islamic culture and apartment housing.

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Using Non-Islamic patterns in residential architecture in Iran, any logic has led to disruption in the
belt form of residential architecture of Iran. Such disrupted conditions have been also found in
social relations. Change in composition and method of distribution of residential texture in the form
of evacuation of downtown and old regions and growth of sub-urbanism without the development of
citizenship are some aspects of the crisis in the social condition of housing and social behavior in the City of
Tehran. The above effects will result in abnormal behaviors which are automatically extended to social
disturbances.
Statistical studies on the modern forms of residential buildings in Tehran which are designed as high
rises are followed and frequency of the antisocial events in this type of housing has been appraised.
The present study comprises the residential areas that have been included in the urban design of Iran
influenced by western societies and the related norms and contradictions have been compared in the
behavior of the residents of single unit houses, multiunit houses and residential complexes.
Analyzing the spatial perception in the assessment and evaluation regarding the environmental
satisfaction based on the visual perception of the districts pattern evolution is the subject under
discussion in this article. “Visual satisfaction of the surrounding environment” has been formed by
analyzing the data that may be used as a tool for achieving visual perception and conception in
urban spaces as well as introducing the effective factors contributing to the satisfaction and/or
dissatisfaction of the citizens.
Introduction:
Furthermore, this study presents an analysis of evaluation of urban structure environmental perception.
Assessment of phenomena such as Abundance of antisocial events, decrease the dependence
and interest of the citizens regarding their environment, disorganization, and disturbances in the
environment appearance, have been performed in the residential districts texture. Evaluation of the
extent of the environmental dissatisfaction includes a wide range of factors which totally reflect the
value of environmental quality. The next step is to study the visual perception and conception “mental
the arrangement of surrounding environment visual structure” with the method of structural factors
analysis of assessment of the space. Structural factor analysis and its comparison with the identification
and evaluation of the qualitative model of factors contributing to dissatisfaction in residential
environments under study will also discuss the priority of undesirable residential environment visual
factors. Finally, the research conducted on details of the crisis of social disorders that have already been
analyzed and indicates that evaluation of the extent of visual-environmental dissatisfaction include a
wide range of factors and that the district textures and built for do not follow any framework without
identification of cultural index such that in case of any failure in the prevention of such a condition, it may
lead to the social identity crisis.
Literature:
Environment appearance structure is the most important element influencing on urban communities
which may increase or decrease interaction among individuals with the environment surrounding
them. The importance of each element contributing in appearance components in urban spaces,
causes to form documentary theories such as (CPTED).
In inclination towards foreseeing and equalizing the objectives, methods, and solutions, responding to
the various demands and needs in different cities and communitieshas already been failed. Reaction to 
this situation analyzed a large number of theories and approaches for urban planning and design with
qualified, small and certain human scales within the scope of local community and the findings make
them far away from their own positive traditions and their appropriate native cultural identification.
A historical survey on global experiences in policy making for neighborhood excerptional pattern
indicate the common problem of destroying self-oriented social relations and concept of collective
life in such neighborhoods which undeniably cause to destroy the feeling of social cohision and
continually losing of social capital in neighborhood pattern. Also the existence of high population
which makes conjested neighborhoods may lay suitable backgrounds for committing social crimes
and damages which in turn directly influence the perception of the dwellers’ security and safety.
Studies conducted include two different textures of a neighborhood and the research process is
based on recognizing coherence between anti-social behavior and design variables in the pattern of
residential neighborhood.
In summary, the article studies two different textures in the selected neighborhood and compare
them to find the relation between the abnormal behaviour and the type and pattern of the residential
places in there.
Conclusion:
Assessment of the neighbourhood dwellers about their living places influences the level or extent
of the achieving objectives and success in urban projects. Also by recognizing factors contributing
on inhabitants’ degree of satisfaction and dissatisfaction, and understanding available conditions
regarding residence quality, the future approaches have been sugested for promoting the environment
qualitative level and prevention from repetition of some inappropriate actions in other places.
In the literature, satisfaction from environmental appearance has been considered as a key criterion
for the evaluation of the degree of environment quality. This is due to the important fact that the
high-quality environment is defined as an environment which brings a high level of satisfaction feelings
to its population through socio-cultural and physical means.

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The Iranian architecture is one of the richest local architectural samples in the world that its achievements are undeniable. Features such as civility, autonomy, avoidance of absurdity and … were used as main branches in the architecture of ancient monuments. With advent of Islam and its spread in Iran, Iranian architecture was combined with values derived from religious and created the Iranian-Islamic rich architecture principles. In the historical monuments of Iranian cities including Boroujerd, it can be seen the application of Iranian-Islamic rich architecture such as harmony with nature, security, identity and … in that period. After decade 1300 and by opening the doors of Iran to the world countries, the western architecture entered in Iran and it has prevailed in competition with Islamic-Iranian architecture and after that, the Iranian buildings were built with western principles. The architecture that was very different with Islamic-Iranian culture and perhaps it was in conflict with it that its prominent sample can be seen in the contemporary houses including Maskan Mehr, a program which has been in the government agenda in order to provide house for low-income people.
In the last half-century, inter-family distinction has increased dramatically and its internal congruence has changed. in other hand, Urban growth and increasing middle class has increased External similarities in families. the terms as such as "middle class", "low-income group" etc are signs of "same view" viewpoint. In the West the family is known as an entity through which Most legitimate emotional and sexual relationship and wealth transfer are possible and includes parents and one or two children. Parents often work together and come home in the evenings and home is becoming dormitories. But in Iran, Families in both quality and quantity terms is more varied and multiple. Presence of children over 20 years old and relatives(Grandfather, grandmother and . . .) in a iranian home has very high possible.
Art and culture of this zone combined with new factors. Principles, customs, Religious Ceremonies, spirits, ethical, thoughts, and ideas of generations and other human features are presenting not only in massive buildings but in Small buildings, and is such entwined with the essence of existence Iranian architecture that its effect can be traced in all past Architectural monuments.
Islamic-Iranian Architecture has a bilateral relationship with nature, Such a way In all architectural monuments of the cities a summary of the nature is created. in the Islamic-Iranian city, Buildings have a central courtyard where residents have the opportunity to see the sky, stars and sun and inside it there are also waterfront and plants. So, the small-scale relationship with nature in house and in closest state is created. materials used in Building Construction include natural material and specially Soil which has not The destructive effects on natural environment and When Building is destroyed this materials are Recyclable and reusable. In addition, The orientation of these buildings is in a way which it best utilization natural factors (Sunshine, Winds, precipitations) is possible. While in some parts due to the needs by creating elements such as Windward and areas such as Bedchamber and Shvadan convert possible Natural threats into opportunities. also The use water resources is doing So that do not cause Pollution of it and maximum exploitation from this resource can be possible.
it must be said , unfortunately , Islamic architecture in iran has distanced from its Islamic and indigenous form , and created overt and covert problems , including loss of natural light location , impose many restriction . Koran's emphasis is on the home location and this residence before its physical concept have metaphysical meaning and means a dwelling and calm spirit , and it requires that templates of forms of housing in Islamic community will be realizes based on this meaning. therefore in this model , architectural pattern is prior to the mold and idea oriented . on the other hand , spirit shapes in the form and templates.
Examining the trend of change housing at different time telling the story of transformation of this space . housing pattern used prior to 1300 is very different with current pattern . home in its Iranian and also Islamic sense. House in its Iranian view is a completely enclosed space that constructed based on minorities and cultural condition of its time and use all places and circumstances in the best way. In this type of housing , there is comfort along with psychological , visual and audio security , and its residents have been living in the appropriate environment.
After 1300s , architecture of iran following West was changed that was in conflict in all areas . this contemporary home conflict is obvious . examining the Maskan Mehr in Borojerd showed this conflict better . studies show that Maskan Mehr in Borojerd have not bean constructed according to Iranian – Islamic model none of Iranian – Islamic architectural principle do not have been observed , so that with following West architecture and culture , Iranian values have been ignored and houses have been constructed similar to west's houses. In this respect the privacy( visual , audio, security) of the home have not been observed. If door is opened , you can see the interior of the house . house spaces in these houses is include closed space that most of its parts are scrambled , and person should define this space . space in these house is worth by objects not by elements such as walls . floors and ceilings.
The purpose of this study is to present an Islamic-Iranian model in the Maskan Mehr and The methodology of this thesis is descriptive-analytical that some part of its data were collected as library method and the other part is provided via field visit and completing questionnaire.
The results indicate that the Maskan Mehr in the light of architecture, based on observations and experts, features of Islamic-Iranian architecture can't be seen in that and the application of western architecture is evident inside the building and also its façade.

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The subject of color and color psychology and its impact on mind and human body always had an important place in the debate about architecture. This issue considered by researchers how can a color with its own characteristics affect humans as user space. However, the impact not having much discussion and main debate is on the extent and severity of the impact on human beings. This research deals with the same issue, But with the difference that it intends to examine the effects of color on humans from an Islamic perspective, specifically the psychology of color in housing and residential spaces from the perspective of Islam. Residential use in this study were selected because, firstly, so far, few studies have done in the field of color psychology in residential spaces, especially based on Islamic teachings, and secondly, a significant part of human life is spent in this type of environment, so research in this regard, is crucial.
The main question of this research is that according to Islamic teachings (especially verses and hadiths) each of color in terms of psychological and physiological effects on human and due to this effect, what colors are more desirable for different spaces in residential use. The purpose of this study is to derive applied results about the use of colors in the residential spaces according to their characteristics.
Search in religious texts is done by using two main sources. To search in the verses, we have used the Quran as a book of divine revelations and to explore hadiths, “jame-al-ahadith” software have been used, which contains hundreds of narrative books. After searching the key words related to the colors mentioned above in this resource, those verses and hadiths that allow inference architectural results for residential spaces were analyzed using qualitative content method and finally, the results of this analysis are explained in the presented table in conclusion section of the paper.
So far, limited research has been done on the psychology of color in residential spaces, but most of these researches refer to their applications in architecture. But these researches mainly investigated experimental studies on colors and their properties and Islamic teachings are not affected on the formation of their elements (including theoretical foundation, questions, goals, etc.). However, in some internal research, Islamic teachings on the psychology of color are discussed. But what distinguishes this paper from other researches is that other researches have not been lead to particular results to use in architecture, especially in residential spaces. Thus we have tried to resolve this scientific gap by citing Islamic teachings.
Before explain the fact that according to Islam, what colors are suitable for what residential spaces, this important topic must be addressed primarily that basically what is the proper housing from an Islamic perspective? Obviously, the explanation of all of the components of the adequate housing cannot be included in a brief research, Therefore, in this article, just those housing components that communicate with the color in architecture (directly or indirectly) are addressed. After extracting the components, it was observed that the impact domain is not the same and at least they can be classified in two general macro and micro level.
Macro components can be placed in two categories:
1. Attention to Islamic culture of society: The purpose of taking into account culture in defining adequate accommodation is that although using of the experiences of other nations and cultures (both past and present) is desirable, but it should be used in such a way that with utilizes them, principles, values and beliefs of society do not be undermined, national identity does not get any damage, does not publish dissenting opinions in society, and finally be evaluated and selected with criteria that derived from native culture.
2. Attention to different levels of human life: Coordination of dimensions and characteristics of residential spaces with different levels of human life has special significance, while the information received from the environment to human should steer and accompanied him in the direction of excellence and growth.
On the other hand, micro components can be classified into five groups:
1. Preserve and improve the quality of family relationships: Home as a container for life and human interactions should have certain characteristics. According to Islam strongly recommend to maintaining ties with family and extended family interaction and communication, color as a crucial factor in the quality of the environment and the quality of people interactions can play a significant role.
2. Comfort and tranquility in housing: Human requires peace in many ways, due to the different realms of human life and color plays a significant role in this regard.
3. Avoid physical individuation of housing: According to Islamic teachings, housing should not be a tool for showing off, displays the owner's wealth and pride. So, we should avoid certain colors that cause physical individuation of the buildings adjacent to each other.
4. The extent of housing: While in the Qur'an, squander is forbidden and According to some traditions, housing that is not needed is abominable but in hadiths, large houses are ordered. So it can be deduced that in the area of housing, should follow moderation, and be warned of extremes. But in recent times that for various reasons, many residential buildings (including apartments) are not large enough, psychologically, we can use different color effects to show inner spaces wider (such as living room, bedrooms, etc.).
5. Home adornment: About adornment and beauty of the home, numerous traditions have been narrated. It is obvious that color as an important visual tool that play an undeniably role in beauty of residential spaces.
Then, explain the colors suit for the residential spaces will be discussed. Based on studies in Quranic verses and hadiths, an important feature of the yellow color is produced happiness and excitement and suitable for spaces such as living room, dining-room and reading room (library). Blue is relaxing and thought-provoking and so, for the bedroom and reading room (library) is suitable. It is also relatively favorable for living and dining room. Red triggers feelings and exciting and so, for spaces such as dining rooms and athletic spaces is suitable. Green is fun and relaxing and is great for bedrooms, living and dining room. It is relatively desirable and suitable for spaces that are used for study (such as library). White color is also relaxing and cool. It is appropriate for most spaces such as the kitchen, bedroom and living room and dining and especially health spaces (such as bathrooms and toilets). At the end, black is tragic and debilitating instincts and cannot be used in any residential sub-spaces.
It should be noted that the results of this study represent a significant wealth of Islamic resources to draw applied conclusions in some specialized areas of architecture and what was inferred, indicated the need to reflect more on the resources in other professional fields of architecture which seems to not have been properly scrutinized.

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Nowadays housing is not considered merely as a matter of shelter anymore. But it is also considered as a political and economic commodity. Not only housing is one of the most important assets for householders, who hold it to accept higher risks in financial markets, but also it is an indispensable good without any substitute. Recent decades, housing sector has encountered inflationary recessions and booms along with interminable price growth in Iran. This inflation rate is as a result of excessive increases in liquidity, which is due to the spending of oil dollars. However, the inflation rate may be controllable in consumption and tradable goods by some leverages such as imports while it is not controllable in nontradable goods such as housing and land. Consequently, it brings about severe and unpredictable volatilities in the price of this critical sector. In this article, we study the major determinants of housing sector with special emphasis on the relationship between oil shocks and housing inflation. The findings show that during the period 1973 to 2005 the effect of the population growth rate, liquidity growth rate, the growth rate of loans paid by Bank Maskan and (positive and negative) oil shocks on housing inflation are statistically significant and consistent with the theory while the effect of inflation rate on housing inflation is statistically insignificant.

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Few studies have recently supported the preposition that housing price changes in one location can be affected not only by its history but also by housing price changes in other locations (Ripple effect). There are many reasons why housing price changes in some areas may lead housing price movements in the other areas. The possible causes include structural differences and economic interdependence between areas, migration as well as informational factors. This paper examines spatial effects of house price dynamics within Tehran. The first hypothese is that house prices have started rising first in the north and then spread out over the rest of the city. The second hypothesis is that there is a strong price relationship between contiguous districts. Spatial autoregressive (SAR) and vector error-correction (VEC) models are emplyed to estimate the empirical models using quarterly panel data of Tehran housing markets over the period 1991 to 2006. The results confirms that there is a positive spatial interrelationship among districts. Moreover, the findings indicate the evidence of leading role of the district 1 in the northern half of the city while district 2 seems to have a more prominent effect on the center and the west. Furtheremore, the price interdependence of contiguous districts in the north is seen to be more significant and stronger than the south.

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Nowadays, the effect and importance of housing and its role in Iran’s economy cannot be underestimated. Housing as a fundamental and basic need for Iranian households is not just a shelter, but is considered as a crucial asset. It has a superior financial value as well. Expansion in urbanization, especially in Tehran, regarding its financial and political importance has contributed to this situation. In this paper, using time interval data between the years 1981 to 2005, the casual relation between variables which affect housing in urban districts through analyzing and monitoring Granger-Hissao, Simes causality test, have been utilized and its impacts are examined in self-regression model. The results indicate that there was a causality relation between price of house, bank loans, number of households and their incomes. Nevertheless, house price had the most impact on instabilities of housing during this period.

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For the first time, this paper analyzes the portfolio selection theory in the presence of housing market in Iran. One of the important theories about the housing price is household portfolio theory. Based on the theory, housing business cycles have determining effect on housing share in portfolio. For this purpose, a set of assets data consisting stocks, exchange, gold coins, bank deposits, bonds and housing over the period 1991-2006 are used. After calculation of returns, risks and correlation coefficients of assets over the period using Mean - Variance Model and MATLAB software, a combination of household assets in the portfolio have been extracted .The model, through simulating and supposing different weights for each asset determines an optimal combination of assets in portfolio based on risk classification of households: low risk, medium risk and high risk. Then, they are thoroughly examined to explore: whether the presence of housing asset in the portfolio can improve its risk, return and the composition of assets? Efficient frontier which covers all portfolios is also extracted. The results reveal that housing is an important asset in the portfolio during the housing boom period and causes the efficient frontier transmission move outwards.

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An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), approach to cointegration analysis is used to study the short- and long-run determinants of housing investment in Iran over the period of 1375:3-1385:4. The explanatory variables include house price index, construction cost, household income, money supply, bank’s deposit interest rate, exchange rate, stock price index and gold coin price. The short and long run results indicate that house price index, household income, exchange rate and money supply have positive and construction cost and stock price index have negative effects on housing investment. However, the housing investment is not affected by gold coin price and bank’s deposit interest rate. This research also indicates that the eslasticities of housing investment with respect to house price index, construction cost, money supply and household income are greater than one. However, it was found to be inelastic with respect to other variables.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between bank loan rate and housing prices in Iran. For this purpose, some VAR models have been applied, using the following variables: real loan rate, money supply (including the high powered money and the liquidity), GDP, housing services index, and the number of licenses for new houses. The results show that a reduction in the loan interest rate will increase the demand for housing sector because of reduction in cost of borrowing from banking system in order to invest in this sector. In other word, the research findings have implied a negative relationship between bank loan interest rates and housing prices. The results have also revealed that financial repression in the form of bank loan rates control policy induces more investment in housing sector and results into resource depletion of banking system.

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In assessment of the success of a plan, the most important parameter is the extent of the coverage of the “target group”. But this is bound to the correct definition of the “target group” and their classification according to the particularities that distinguishes them from each other. The requirement of the Housing Planning to attain a specific and clear definition of the “Target Group” is due to the requirement to arrange the optimum program and implementation programs to respond their needs suitable to their demands, a point in which it seems to be assessed unsuccessful in the planning period (1327-1383) In this article, we consider the change in the demographic structure of the country’s population. This work investigates the extent of agreement of Housing Planning on this change, to give a precise definition of the Target Group. It also attends to the amount of accordance of the Housing Planning with the structural changes in the population and family structure in this six decades The results of our reseach shows, despite increasing number of youth in our population, they are not considered in our planning system's definition about "Target group". Hence in our Housing Market, youth's demand for shelter gould not be included.

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Aims: The yard has played a much more prominent role than ever. After the changes in the structure of the community, the house and yard changed. The present study investigates these changes and the reasons for their occurrence during the contemporary period.

Methods: The data collection is a documentary.

Findings: The results of the study indicate that in the past, the yard has been an organized element to the home, an element of light and ventilation of the spaces, a connector with nature, and providing a convenient space for family comfort and celebration. But the yard’s role today is merely the space between the house and the passage, the car movement, and sometimes the small gardens to make optimal use of the remaining areas of the motorway.

Conclusion: Due to society's changing social and cultural structures, resurrecting the same way traditional courtyard for today's society is in vain. The same traditional courtyards in the new urban design where the houses are overlapped have been changed to roof gardens that need to be in sight. These changes can be attributed to the developments in the Qajar era. Given these developments, the relationships and assumptions of the world of tradition were not capable of living in the contemporary world. All in all, modern man’s environmental perceptions changed. As the most relevant space to man, the house has undergone significant changes, and the yard, one of its most important spaces, has not been immune to these changes.

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Aims: The aim of the research is to use and apply the artificial intelligence network and data mining of the non-form pattern in the ten valuable landmark buildings of Tehran (1330s to 1350s) in the direction of modernization.

Methods: In the present study, the research method used in terms of purpose is applied-developmental and the method of study is descriptive-survey in terms of method and nature. In this research, the MLP (Multilayer perceptron) artificial intelligence network and clustering have been used to validate the non-form analysis of residential building plans in the period 1330-1350. The data were randomly divided into three sets, 70% of the data were used for training, 15% for validation, and 15% for testing.

Results: According to the analysis and matching with non-formal analysis, the results show that plans have 15, 14, 13 and 11 components in terms of non-form. which exactly corresponds to the plan's amorphous analytical tables. Therefore, the results of the non-form analysis of the plans have been validated by artificial intelligence.

Conclusion: Modernization of buildings and preservation of historical buildings are important for the majority of people and the results of this research showed that by using modern technology such as creating an artificial intelligence network, it is possible to find the invisible and hidden components in the plans of the mentioned period and use them in today's residential plans. The use of modern technologies such as artificial intelligence in order to cluster and identify the hidden relationships of plans can be very helpful.

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In spite of a lot of studies in field of housing, housing supply has been less addressed. One of main reasons is complexity of housing supply field. In this study we use Capozza and Helsley urban growth model which assume housing supply as a function of variations in both housing price and construction expenses. The model is estimated with General Method of Moments (GMM) using seasonal data of Iran for 1996:2-2008:1. Results show that effect of housing price variations on housing supply is positive, however the effect of building material expenses and construction opportunity cost (stock exchange index) are both negative on it, but coefficient of stock exchange index is statistically insignificant. In addition, housing price variations and building material expenses with two period lags are effective on housing supply which indicate role of expectations. Also results show that variations in the other markets such as building materials market play important role in housing supply. It is proposed that because of high sensitivity in increasing of housing price, policies of housing supply to be followed by this market.