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The increasing demand for food, especially poultry products, highlights critical challenges to food security. In this context, agricultural entrepreneurship in the poultry sub-sector plays a vital role in addressing these challenges by enhancing food supply and contributing to economic growth and development. This study specifically focuses on fostering entrepreneurship within the poultry industry in Mashhad, emphasizing its pivotal role in Iran's economy and its contribution to food security. Using an exploratory research method along with SWOT and Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) analysis, 18 factors influencing entrepreneurship in the poultry industry were identified and weighted, leading to the development and ranking of 14 strategies. The results indicate that strategies such as transferring the tasks related to the poultry industry from the government to the private sector (SO) and using the capacities of knowledge-based companies for innovation in the supply of poultry input (WT) have the highest scores. In contrast, strategies such as organizing workshops and training courses (WO) and hiring skilled labore (ST) have lower scores. The findings suggest practical concepts for poultry entrepreneurs, including branding, technology adoption, establishing international animal welfare standards, collaborating with knowledge-based companies, and privatization under government supervision. These strategies can foster regional development by promoting entrepreneurship, which in turn can increase employment, economic growth, and productivity, ensuring a balanced distribution of opportunities and resources

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Today, it is quite clear to all societies that the development of new businesses through entrepreneurship directly affects economic growth and prosperity, and Education in entrepreneurial skills is essential to start and continue entrepreneurial activities. This research aims to review the study conducted in sports entrepreneurship education, especially practised in the last five years (2018-2022). The research method section conducted searches in national and international databases and search engines. In this research, 15 articles were examined according to the study's purpose. The results showed that one of the most important reasons for the failure of entrepreneurs is the lack of practical skills needed to score activities. Therefore, sports entrepreneurship Education programs in universities should be directed towards creativity and innovation and move from knowledge-based universities to entrepreneurial universities by combining theoretical and practical knowledge related to sports entrepreneurship. 

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Sports and sports businesses

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  In view of increasing levels of competition and the indispensible role of creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship in organizational survival and the gaining of competitive advantage, there is a necessity for indentifying and developing creative people and entrepreneurs within organizations, in a way that urges organizations to struggle in this area. The present research, considers influential factors on achieving entrepreneurship   in view of personality characteristics and individual differences. Research methodology incorporates both descriptive and correlation analysis based on structural equation modeling. Data was collected by means of a designed questionnaire that was distributed among personnel of Sadad Informatics Corp. data samples were selected in a random fashion. Research results indicated that personality dimensions and characteristics have a relationship with entrepreneurship. Personality factors such as conscientiousness, extroversion, and openness to experience have a positive relationship with entrepreneurship, whereas personality dimensions such as neuroticism and agreeableness did not have a meaningful relationship with entrepreneurship.  

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Investigating barriers to entrepreneurship of graduates of physical education colleges

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In spite of emphasis on role of organizational resource and human resources in particular, on entrepreneurship in literature of management, has not been presented an integrated pattern for Iranian organizations that measures influence of hr subsystems on entrepreneurship. By concentration of key role of human resources on entrepreneurship, present research is seeking to consider influence of different practices of human resource management on promoting of entrepreneurship in oil industry of Iran. Research methodology includes both descriptive and correlation analysis based on structural equation modeling. Data was collected by means of questionnaire that was distributed among top and middle manager of Contracting company in oil industry. Research result Indicates that human resource subsystems including human resource Acquisition, work design, development, labor relation and compensation, have influence on organizational entrepreneurship. And only training has not any impact on entrepreneurship. Furthermore, research indicates that the most impact of human resource management on entrepreneurship is indirectly and through creating supportive environment of innovation.

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The current research was conducted to compile a model of sports entrepreneurship on social well-being with the mediating role of media literacy among physical education students of Payam Noor University in Kermanshah province. The research method was descriptive-survey and based on structural equations that were conducted in the field. The statistical population of the research included all physical education students of Payam Noor University in Kermanshah province (320 people) who entered the first semester of 1399-1400, who were selected as a statistical sample using a stratified random sampling method and based on the Morgan table (175 people) became. Data collection tool using three standard questionnaires: Hoggs and Morgan (2007), Keyes' Social Welfare (1998), and Rajabi's Media Literacy (2012). This research used structural equations to investigate the relationships between the model components, and Smart PLS software was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that sports entrepreneurship on media literacy with an impact factor of 0.74 and a critical value of 15.96, sports entrepreneurship on social well-being with an impact factor of 0.36 and a critical value of 4.85, and media literacy on social well-being with an impact factor 0.51 and critical value 7.28 has had a positive and significant effect. Based on this, sports entrepreneurship has the most significant impact on media literacy, with an impact factor of 0.74, and sports entrepreneurship has the most negligible impact on social well-being, with an impact factor of 0.36. One of the most critical behavioral and human issues governing the development of entrepreneurship and job creation in sports can be raising media literacy in the light of social welfare.
 

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Experts Experts believe that human resource system due to causal ambiguity and complexity can create competitive advantage as a valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable source, but few supporting studies have been conducted. This study investigates the relationship between high performance work system and organizational entrepreneurship while investigates the moderating role of HR system strength. data was gathered from 242 knowledge employees of five premier dairy production companies in Mazandaran province. Reliability of the measures was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and construct validity was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis. The hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression based on Baron and Kenny's method. According to the results of this study, HPWS has positively significant effect on organizational entrepreneurship. Also, HR system's strength moderates the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. results show that only considering content of HR system is not enough, but HR system must be strong enough to differentiate an organization from others and create competitive advantage.

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The aim of this study, investigate the relationship between organizational commitment and entrepreneurial orientation. Organizational commitment from the perspective of Allen and Meyer include (emotional, continuous and normative) dimension and entrepreneurial orientation include (risk taking, innovation, independence, proactiveness and aggressive competition) dimension. Research community includes all employees of the municipal welfare organization of recreational and art in Isfahan city. The statistical sample include 91 number of employees which is randomly selected and for data gathering have been using the questionnaire. The main research hypothesis is existence meaningful relationship between organizational commitment and entrepreneurial orientation. The results of this study suggest that there is a significant and positive relationship between the emotional and continuous dimension of organizational commitment and entrepreneurial orientation dimensions. However there is no significant relationship between normative commitments and entrepreneurial orientation.

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Entrepreneurship develops in environments where the values and beliefs of the environment are appropriate to the culture of entrepreneurship. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the culture of work and entrepreneurship within different ethnic groups. Proverbs can be very effective in this regard because they are the manifestation of the values and beliefs of each ethnic group and their attitudes towards different issues, such as work culture and entrepreneurship. By adopting the method of content analysis, the purpose of this study was to explore the culture of work and entrepreneurship based on counterfeits in Bakhtiari culture. Compassion, responsibility, care, fidelity, gender, creativity, legality and rationalism are the elements of the culture of work in Bakhtiari culture. The results of the study show that, by the multiplicity of examples of Bakhtiari culture, these values and beliefs about work and entrepreneurship are institutionalized, that one must be responsible for the conduct, perseverance and hard working. These attitudes are in line with the entrepreneurial culture, but the positive attitude towards fanaticism, the focus on the point of reference and the negative attitude towards women's creativity and work, including weaknesses in the culture of work and entrepreneurship are found in the proverbs of Bakhtiari, which do not correspond to the entrepreneurial components.
 

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The field of entrepreneurship research is now approximately 30–40 years old and has become a significant field of intellectual activity involving thousands of scholars in different countries. Therefore, it is vital to systematically analyze the main strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of entrepreneurship research within the field. Hence current research undertaken with aim to analyze strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities (SWOT) of entrepreneurship researches and formulate appropriate strategies for this system. By depth literature review, 55 external factors (25 opportunities and 30 threats) and 48 internal factors (19 strengths and 29 weaknesses) are identified. Then weighting and ranking of the factors ranging from 1 (unimportant) to 4 (very important) took place by using the viewpoints of group of 31 researchers and faculty members in the field of entrepreneurship. Final score of external factors for entrepreneurship researches is 2.881. This implies that entrepreneurship researches couldn’t benefit from opportunities factors or avoids threats factors. Moreover final score of internal factors for entrepreneurship researches is 2.789. This implies that effective internal factor for entrepreneurship researches are strength. Regarding cell number five in internal and external matrix, conservative strategies are accepted in strategic planning for development of entrepreneurship researches. Finally by QSPM technique attractiveness of strategies is specified.

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Today, developed and developing countries are focusing more on environmental issues and development. The present study aims to provide a model for the establishment of green human resources management in the entrepreneurship ecosystem. The purpose of this research is in the field of applied research, and since it describes the variables and relationships between them, the recognition of the status quo and finally the presentation of the pattern of deployment, is descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of this research includes relevant experts. In order to reach the consensus, 27 people were studied by interview method and the required information was collected. To analyze qualitative data and to extract factors affecting HRM and its influential factors, the method of analysis of the theme (theme analysis) was used. Structural-interpretive modeling has been used to identify the relationships between variables and the deployment of green human resources in the entrepreneurship ecosystem. The findings of the research include explaining the green human resources management model in the entrepreneurship ecosystem and analyzing the results of infiltration-correlation; the existing model is a model for different businesses with the aim of establishing a green human resource management in the entrepreneurship ecosystem. The research findings show 18 dimensions for the establishment of green human resources management. The research results indicate the impact of green human resource management on entrepreneurship ecosystems and green thinking and sustainable development, and ultimately globalization.

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Todays, Entrepreneurship is considered as the Economic Development engine and all countries attempt to develop it in their countries. With respect to the high importance of entrepreneurship and the necessity of its development in our country, this research is aimed to study and design the organizational structure of entrepreneurship in Iran. In this research, using the comparative studies of sucessful entrepreneurship centers and with considering the theorical fundaments of designing organizational structure and local and reginal conditions of I. R. Iran, the appropriate organizational structure of entrepreneurship centers has been designed.

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Scholars name the current era as the global revolution of innovation and believe that innovation and entrepreneurship today are the main factors of value creation. The impact of entrepreneurial activities on companies' success has attracted researchers to motivating or restrictive factors. Iranian organizations, like other organizations around the world, are presented with complicated environments and conditions, and there is a growing need for innovation and entrepreneurship. Although, whether antecedents of the corporate entrepreneurship in Iranian organizations are consistent with those identified in other countries remains unanswered. What are the main barriers to implementing corporate entrepreneurship in Iranian organizations? This research, through conducting semi-structured interviews with 14 top and middle managers from 10 large Iranian private companies, while using the thematic analysis method, attempts to answer these questions. Results show that the most important environmental obstacle in Iran is the lack of a comprehensive industrial development plan. Moreover, the main distinguishing organizational internal factor of the firms studied in this research in comparison with other organizations that have been studied in literature is the "non-separation of manager from the owner and entrepreneur", which can be considered as the most significant finding of this research.

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The objective of this paper is to analyze entrepreneurship in Iran. More specifically, it focuses on the introduction of the entrepreneurial aspects of the 16th famous Iranian entrepreneur and evaluates his performance. To this end, we study the performance of late Mustafa Ali Nasab as a distinguished entrepreneur. We describe the main characteristics of the entrepreneur through analyzing the productivity performance of his two firms including oil and gas industry. The findings confirm that following his passing, the productivity of the firms is significantly decreased.

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In this research, five entrepreneurship characteristics consisted of achievement need, independent need; risk taking, creativity and determination, for the assess went of entrepreneurship profile of mazandaran university's students were measured. According to the results of the survey, of the 1843 students of this university, about 21 percent have entrepreneurship characteristics. Total mean score of the students with entrepreneurship characteristics was equal to 39.67, but the total mean score of un-entrepreneur students group was 29.89.In general, total mean score of the students was 31.92.There was a significant difference between this and the minimum of the acceptable mean (=37). On the other hand, determination trait (with the mean of 7.8) in comparison with other characteristics was more observed among the students of this university. The scores of achievement need, independent need, risk taking and creativity of students were a little different with the minimum of the acceptable mean of these characteristics.

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It’s well known that today’s organizationsens counter the national, regional and international dynamic and complex changes.The survival and development of all organizations require to provide some new methods, alternatives, innovations (new products and services)processes and so on. Since Corporate entrepreneurship involves promoting the entrepreneurial behaviors in an organization, therefore, the organizations have to consider the "corporate entrepreneurship" as a critical success factor. In this paper, the authors atlempted to recognize the corporate entrepreneurship obstacles. Thus, organizational culture, supervision and control, attention to short & long term profits and the ways of giving rewards were studied. The obtained results based on the statistical analysis showed that the conservative organization al culture, close supervision and control, attention to short term profits, and giving unappropriate rewards are the fundamental obstacles of corporate entrepreneurship.

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Entrepreneurship is a new phenomena Iin Iiran and the research in this subject especially in women entrepreneurship is very limited. In spite of the fact that most of the Iranian Women coperate in economic and, social aspects and especially in higher education, the society is not reaping the rewards of all their cooperations and efforts in economic affairs. On the other hand, different strategies of men and women entrepreneurs in start up process and business management as well as their different views to success are the sources of differences in their businesses. In favor of total knowledge of Iranian women’s businesses and the factors that influence the process of start-up, a vast and national research on educated women entrepreneur population was done through a questionnaire built for this subject. The questionnaire was and corrected by the experts and a pretest. This article presents a part of the results about strategies and views of Iranian women entrepreneurs to success. The results point out that Iranian women entrepreneurs start their businesses by planning and presentation of the best quality of products or services. This planning results in prosperity of their businesses. Iranian women entrepreneurs also view success of business in obtaining personal satisfaction and improvement of their abilities, then in profit.

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Research Question(s):
Our main question and problem is how SDPS (Fontanille, (2003 [2006])) can provide ʻpart ofʼ a comprehensive theoretical framework for conceptualizing coaching and its development as an academic discipline and subdiscipline.
Before considering the literature review, we briefly refer to coaching and its interface with SDPS in the point of view of this research. Coaching which is defined and applied in various ways (Brock, 2008, pp. 13-15; Bachkirova, 2017; Abravanel, 2018, p. 1), is addressed under different titles and concepts based on different objectives, functions, theoretical frameworks and approaches. Some of which we refer to: a discipline (Brock, 2014, p. 3; Bachkirova, 2017, p. 23), an applied discipline (Cox et al., 2014), a discursive event or discourse (Graf, 2019). ), change (Graf, 2019; Deplazes et al., 2018; Whitworth et al., 2007, p. 1; Folscher-Kingwill & Terblanche, 2019), an industry (Graf, 2019; Fillery-Travis & Collins, 2017), a professional practice (Fillery-Travis & Collins, 2016), communication (Graf, 2019; Brock, 2008), a process (Graf, 2019; Brock, 2008; Deplazes et al., 2018), a conversation (Deplazes et al., 2018; Jautz, 2018), raising awareness (Brock, 2014, p. 1), and so forth. Brock argues that “Coaching emerged from an intersection of people, disciplines and socioeconomic factors” (Brock, 2014, p. 134). She introduces two tap roots for coaching: philosophy and social sciences (Brock, 2014, p. 8). Considering the diversity of coaching in terms of different aspects, we can mention linguistic, ontological, semantic, integrated, narrative, cognitive, clean language, existential, core energy, neuro-linguistic programming, academic, developmental, emotional intelligence, etc. About semiotics, on the other hand, Martin and Ringham quote Grimas as saying that “... [semiotic theory] tries to unravel the meaning hidden below the surface in an attempt to find sense in life” (Martin & Ringham, 2000, p. vii). According to them, semiotics “... is concerned with the theory and analysis of the production of meaning ...” (Martin & Ringham, 2000, p. 116). “... The Paris School is concerned primarily with the relationship between signs and with the manner in which they produce meaning within a given text or discourse” … “Semiotic practice can thus become a tool of personal empowerment and an expression of social commitment, leading not only to a deconstruction but also to a reinvention of the fundamental values underlying our societies” (Martin & Ringham, 2006, p. 2). Therefore, at the general level, there are many commonalities between semiotics and coaching (its types), some of which are: 1) in quest of meaning (Martin & Ringham, 2000, p. Vii; Cox et al., 2014), 2) related to social process or social life (Brock, 2008; Shoukry & Cox, 2018; Martin & Ringham, 2006, p. 2; Eco, 1973, p. 71 as cited in Chandler, 2017, p. 276), 3) related to man, or humanism, or anthropology (Martin & Ringham, 2006, p. 2; Graf, 2019, p. 2; Brock, 2014, p. 6), 4) to explore change (Graf & Dionne, 2021 ; Deplazes et al., 2018; Jautz, 2018; Grzegorczyk, 2015; Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 103]), 5) related to human empowerment and growth (Martin & Ringham, 2006, p. 2; Graf , 2019, p. 2; Bachkirova, 2011), 6) still developing (Graf & Wastian, 2014; Brock, 2008, p. 493; Martin & Ringham, 2006, p. 4), 7) an open and dynamic process (Brock, 2008, p. 493; Bostic, 2006, p. Xvii), 8) transdisciplinary domains (Seif, 2017; Trifonas, 2015, p. 1; Graf & Ukowitz, 2020; Graf & Dionne, 2021), 9) an applied field (Cox e t al., 2014; Beardsworth & Auxier, 2017, p. 807), 10) problem solving tools and/or methods (Kaartinen & Latomaa, 2011; Grzegorczyk, 2015), and the like. Moreover, at the specific level of the present research, there are many commonalities between Fontanille (2003 [2006]) in SDPS, and coaching. Some of which are: narrative (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 107]); Drake, 2017), discourse (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 1]); Western, 2017; Graf, 2019), action and/or act (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 45]); Graf, 2019, p. 3), body and/or embodiment (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 56]); Jackson, 2017 ; ICF, 2020), language (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 56]); Graf, 2019, p. 2; Folscher-Kingwill & Terblanche, 2019; Grzegorczyk, 2015; ICF, 2020), mood and/or modality (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 113]); ICF, 2020; Sieler, 2014), Phenomenology (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 120]); Folscher-Kingwill & Terblanche, 2019), presence ( Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 14]); Abravanel, 2018; ICF, 2020), feeling, and/or affect, and/or emotion (Graf, 2019, p. 2; Sieler, 2014; Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 124]; ICF, 2020), Rhetoric (Fontanille, (200 3 [2006, p. 198]); Van Leeuwen, 2017), dialectic (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 198]); Brock, 2014, p. 28), Speech Acts (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 65]); Sieler, 2014; Grzegorczyk , 2015; Caccia, 1996), point of view and/or perspective (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, pp. 84 & 156]); ICF, 2020), energy shift (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 41]) ; ICF, 2020; Schneider, 2007, p. 15), values (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 41]); ICF, 2020), beliefs (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, pp. 92 & 118]) ; ICF, 2020), perception (Fontanille, (2003 [2006, p. 8]); ICF, 2020), and others.

2. 1. SDPS and coaching
2. 2. Linguistics and coaching
In Figure 1 we can observe linguistics-coaching interface as derived from Brock (Brock, 2014, Figure 3, p. 11):
 
Figure 1
Timeline of root discipline emergence and relationships, derived from
 (Brock, 2014, Figure 3, p. 11)
 
 
To read more about semantic coaching, linguistic coaching, linguistic ontology, ontological coaching and philosophy look at these sources: Brock (2008, p. 71; Winograd & Flores, 1986, p. 174; Sieler, 2014; Dunham, 2009; Caccia, 1996). Linguistics, language, and coaching interface could be found in LOCCS (The Linguistics of Coaching, Consulting & Supervision) as well as these works: Graf, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2019; Graf & Wastian, 2014; Sator & Graf, 2014, pp. 91-122; Graf et al., 2020; Graf & Spranz-Fogasy, 2018; Behn-Taran, 2014; Grzegorczyk, 2015; Deplazes et al., 2018; Jautz, 2018; Folscher Kingwill & Terblanche, 2019; Angouri & Marra, 2011

2. 3. Pragmatism, semiotics and coaching
Bachkirova & Borrington’s study (Bachkirova & Borrington, 2019) on pragmatism and coaching can be related to the present study in terms of some commonalities one of which is Charles Sanders Peirce who is both a semiotician and pragmatist. Moreover, Fontanille in SDPS has applied some of Peirce’s ideas. This research does not discuss the interplay among pragmatism, semiotics and coaching here.

2. 3. Others
It is obvious that semiotics interacts with other areas like leadership, ethnography, teaching, organizations, sports, advertising, management, and so forth which were not included in this study. For example, it can be referred to Trevisani who has pointed to leadership and coaching in the title of his Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/semiotics-deeper-leadership-training-coaching-new-trevisani/.


Figure 2
Semiotic Coaching Model based on the interaction between Khodnavardi, & the mentioned modal verbs in this study
 
    
To some extent, the circular shape of this model can be consistent with the field of presence, the field of discourse, and the field of enunciation proposed by Fontaille. This model has some features some of which were observed in this study such as: open, flexible, fluid, cyclic, intertwined, networked, selective, eclectic, generative, presence-based, and so forth. There are other aspects like embodiment, tension, emotion, affection, aesthetics, creativity, and the like that are related to this model but were not put in this research. In this model, the interplay among modal verbs is fluid, continuous, and conducted in any direction and any way. Also, the relationship among modal verbs is in the form of dashed line to present not only non-absoluteness and gradation, but also the state of breakdown, disjunction and conjunction of discourse at any moment. Additionally, the interaction among the components of the model is recursive/reciprocal, because the order in which verbs emerge, and the type of actor in terms of modal identity, can be differently constructed for each actor in each part of the transformational, ongoing, and becoming process of coaching. In this model, ʻKhodnavardiʼ exists at every moment and phase in the process of change, transformation, and development.  In accordance with the above, the present study suggests ʻSemiotic Coachingʼ. It is the hope of this research to further enrich the basics of ʻSemiotic Coachingʼ in Iran. And as mentioned, in the future process, different fields, sciences, institutions, practitioners, skills, and many more will be intertwined in this transmodern settings that we will enter into transdisciplinary studies: some kind of localization, entrepreneurship, and job creation. In terms of a linguistic approach, many studies can be arranged for this research, both based on the interaction of linguistics with semiotics, and also according to the types of linguistics and its subdisciplines. Moreover, in terms of SDPS, at the macro level, the approach of this research is in some aspects consistent with Bachkirova & Borrington (2019), and on the other hand compatible with some dimensions of Lureau (2009 & 2014) whose case, according to the author of the present study, may overlap to some extent with edusemiotics and educational linguistics. However, the present study did not put and explain the details here. It goes without saying that this inquiry was just a brief report on the beginning of its research trajectory that did not address the very broad aspects and components existing at the macro and micro level in the beginning of transdisciplinary researches.

Notes

1.  In terms of the publication of the original source of the theoretical framework of this study, we should refer to Bostic, the translator of Fontanille’s book, who says:

The Semiotics of Discourse was initially published in 1998; the present translation is based upon the revised and updated edition, which appeared in 2003. While it remains close to the original, the revised edition is enriched in a number of ways. (Bostic, 2006, p. xi)

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An explanatory survey was carried out in 2008 to investigate the relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), environmental factors, human capital and organizational characteristics vs. entrepreneurial performance among entrepreneurial firms in Iranian agricultural sector. Data were obtained from a sample of 120 Iranian agricultural establishments, using an interview-oriented questionnaire. The hierarchical regression analysis revealed that: although there is a positive direct relationship between EO and entrepreneurial performance in an agricultural business setting, applying main-effect or contingency models only, provides a distracting picture of entrepreneurial performance in agricultural settings. It was also found that configurational approach may better explain the relationship between EO, environmental factors, human capital and organizational characteristics vs. entrepreneurial performance over and above contingency and above main- effect models.