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Budget deficit and ways of its financing,have different economic implications.The private consumption as one of the major components of the aggregate demand alongside with the private investment are also under the effects of the deficit.The total effects of the deficit can be separated into the primary and secondary effects.The primary effects of the defict is attributed to the causes of the deficit,while the secondary effects is related to the ways of deficit financing.The final effect is the sum of these two effects,which might be positive,negative or zero.The results of the study by the ARDL approach for the time period of 1342-1384 indicates that although the effect of the deficit on private consumption is positive but there is no longrun relationship between them.On the other hand effects of the deficit on private investment is negative.These results also show that the effects of the deficit on investment may last or endure for a long time and therefore it can be said that there is a longrun relationship between deficit and private investment.

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In oil-abundant countries, oil revenues, due to various reasons such as mismanagement, can influence the economic and social conditions and hinder development. This paper examines the relationship between oil revenues and social capital in Iran during 1976-2007. To do this, the Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) approach and bound testing approach for co-integration are used to analyze data and estimate the model. The results indicate that oil revenues as an indicator for abundance of the natural resources have significant and negative influence on social capital. In addition, GDP per capita has positive impact on social capital in Iran.  

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In this study, the allocation of resources of National Development Fund (NDF) to economic sectors in foreign currency and Rial is evaluated by making a structural macro-econometric model that expresses the reality of Iran’s economy as much as possible. This model consists of 45 behavioral equations, 28 connecting equations and 88 identities. Behavioral equations are estimated by the ARDL approach in Eviews 9 software using annual data from 1959 to 2014. According to Theil’s U statistic and root mean square error (RMSPE), the simulation of endogenous variables indicates that model gives a good explanation of Iran’s economy mechanism. Regarding different scenarios for how to allocate resources of National Development Fund to different economic sectors, simulation results over the 2011-2014 period show that if 80% of NDF’s resources is distributed in proportion to the share of sector's investment in total investment in foreign currency and remaining 20% is allocated equally to agriculture and industry sectors in Rial, the highest rate of economic growth will be realized.