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Realization of the knowledge-based economy model is a basic requirement for developing countries. In this model, knowledge plays important role in improving productivity.  This paper claims that in a world where the economic ties are formed in terms of the knowledge-based economy, a resource-dependent economic model, regardless of productivity, is not a proper solution for the Iranian economy. Due to the necessity of moving from oil-based to knowledge-based economy in Iran, this paper studies the impact of oil revenues on productivity and realization of knowledge-based economy. This research employs a descriptive – analytical method to define and identify characteristics of knowledge-based economy and examines the obstacles resulting from spending oil revenues in creating knowledge-based economy. This paper finds that spending rents from oil revenues, through its reward structure and knowledge direction lead the Iran economy to the unproductive knowledge and consequently low rates of productivity and prevent the creation of productive knowledge, then prevent the realization of the knowledge-based economy in Iran.  

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The significant role of institutional conditions created by government and institutions involvement in the process of achieving sustainable development has attracted attention of policy makers to institutional innovation as one of the fundamental concepts in development strategies. On the other hand, achieving sustainable development requires access to technology and making appropriate policies for technology and innovation. This study seeks to denote the relationship between institutional innovation, technology development and the achievement of sustainable development using a partial least squares (PLS) model. The proposed model applying a questionnaire distributed among science and technology experts was estimated. The results show that institutional innovations as soft technologies will play great roles in achieving sustainable development and technology development. In addition, among technology innovations, strategizing and policy-making with a coefficient of 0.92 is of greatest importance in attaining sustainable development. As well, among technology development evidences, patent and copyright, technology management and technology environment with coefficients of 0.904, 0.89 and .0898 respectively have the highest significance in achieving sustainable development.

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The extensive use of traditional irrigation systems has led to overexploitation of groundwater and overuse of surface water in theUrmia  Lake Catchment (ULC) area ofIran. The purpose of this study was to model the adoption process of drip irrigation system (DIS) by apple orchardists (AOs) using the five stages of Roger’s model for Innovation Decision Process (IDP). Survey method of applying questionnaire and interview technique was used to collect data from 136 AOs. The results of the study indicated that, first, AOs’ knowledge level was “relatively low” and the majority of them were in the early stages of IDP. Secondly, applying an ordinal logistic regression, up to 36.3% of knowledge level variability, could be explained by variables consisting of: the contact level with extension agents, educational level, rural-urban commuting and information sources. Thirdly, using binary logistic regression, up to 74.1% of probability of adoption, could be explained by variables consisting of source of irrigation, knowledge scores, and orchard size. Fourthly, the main barriers for adoption were high costs, lack of license for semi deep wells, need to grow alfalfa, poor knowledge, and low surface area, respectively. Fifthly, about 0.5% of AOs had already implemented DIS. These findings were instrumental for localizing a model and developing the needed policy and institutional interventions falfa, poor knowledge, and low surface area, respectively. Fifthly, about 0.5% of AOs had already implemented DIS. These findings were instrumental for localizing a model and developing the needed policy and institutional interventions.

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  Knowledge sharing creates opportunities to maximize the organization’s ability to meet those needs and generates solutions and efficiencies that provide a business with a competitive advantage. Knowledge sharing can be defined as a social interaction culture, involving the exchange of employees knowledge, experiences and skills through the whole department or organization. The concept of innovation has been closely related to “knowledge creation and knowledge sharing”. Innovation is a process where the knowledge is acquired, shared and assimilated with the aim of creating new knowledge, which embodies products and services. Through exchange tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge with others, the capacity of people increases to be involved in new situation and solve new problems. It further helps to build new solution for the next issues. So different kinds of knowledge sharing are necessary to create new knowledge and innovation. A descriptive–correlation survey approach was used in this study, and the questionnaires were filled in by the staff (n=96) in Refahe Kargaran Bank. In the 95% confidence level, the results of the study revealed that there is a positive. relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation. Also it was found that there is similar relationship between serial transfer and innovation. In addition, the same result were observed for near transfer, far transfer, strategic transfer and expert transfer with innovation. Finally, the research limitations and suggestions for further researches are presented.   Keywords:

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This paper explores the empirical evidence of the nature of intra-metropolitan supply linkages and industrial clustering and searches for the driving forces that enhances the learning processes and innovation capacities hence; contributing to competitive advantage within the Tehran metropolitan. The research points to accelerating growth in the automotive sector since the late 1980s and early 1990s which has been the driving force of the Tehran’s economy. This growth appears to be related to industrial clustering and systemic linkages with actors such as suppliers, sub-contractors and so on. The analysis of empirical evidences from the sample industrial cluster indicates a considerable number of interesting findings from strong degrees of industrial clustering. However, there are some weak evidences of industrial clustering such as weak institutional environment in the cluster.

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This paper aims to explain the role of good governance in the realization of the knowledge-based economy within a quadruple helix innovation system (QHIS). It employs an analytical-descriptive method, while focusing on the econometric models within Eviews9 software environment. Theoretically, the paper is based on institutionalism approach. The interaction of good governance and knowledge-based economy is described after defining the concepts of QHIS. Then, the relationships between innovation (as the goal of innovation systems and knowledge-based economy) and good governance indicators are evaluated within an econometric model. To do this, good governance indicators in Iran are compared to those of the Northern Europe and South-Easter Asia as regions enjoying high scores in knowledge-based economy indicators. The findings indicate the impact of good governance on realization of the knowledge-based economy through various channels including property rights, enforcement of contracts, domestic and foreign investment, brain drain, human capital development, and research and development. Alike the conceptual part of paper, the results reveal positive and significant relationships among good governance indicators and innovation. Considering the importance of good governance in realizing a knowledge-based economy, good governance index is selected as the fourth helix in QHIS for Iran.

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The aim of this research Evaluating and prioritizing areas Based on parameters creative city of Sanandaj. Type of research is Practical and method used in this study is Analytical-descriptive. For analysis of data was used from the model of network analysis, TOPSIS, multivariate regression analysis questionnaire.Statistical.The statistical population Consists of the five regions in Sanandaj and The criteria research includes 21 sub-indices creative cities is in the context Including 4 overall indexes. The results of the ANP model Show innovation criteria with 0.063 the greatest impact in the region to the Creative region in Sanandaj. The index of the number of researchers at 0.116 and number of inventions with 0.088 Have the most important role in the realization of their creative city of Sanandaj. Checking status of cultural services, the region three with the topsis 0.9596 in the First place and Region four with the topsis 0.2851 were the last rank about level of creativity a level of creativity between the regions of Sanandaj. The calculation of the relationship between the creative city and the current status of these components shows 63.7 percent of the realization that the creative regions of Sanandaj city Improve and increase the application of creative city components on statistical analysis of the questionnaire, Human Capital Index with the (4.24) percent and the quality of life with a (3.82) Have greatest and less less less less impact on Movement of a Region to creative region in Sanandaj. Keywords: Creative City, innovation, network analysis, TOPSIS, regions of the Sanandaj city  

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Today, paying attention to innovation in achieving economic growth and development is of great importance for researchers and policymakers. Thus, this study investigates the efficiency of the national innovation system of Iran in comparison with the countries subject to the 2046 Vision of Iran as well as China and South Korea (as two successful countries in technology catching-up policies). The study uses a two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) over the period 2011-2016. Moreover, a Tobit model is employed to study the impact of environmental factors on the efficiency of the national innovation system. Findings indicate that Iran's national innovation system is inefficient. Although the efficiency trend in the stage of creating inventions and originalities shows a positive slope, when it enters the commercialization stage, the system operates very weekly. To increase the efficiency of the national innovation system, improving the governance indicators and university-industry collaboration are among the most effective policies proposed in this research.

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Despite its rich energy resources, Iran is one of the top energy-intensive countries in the world. Improving technology and using new innovations in energy consumption and the production process of goods can reduce energy intensity in the country. In order to investigate the effects of technological innovation on energy consumption, this study uses the Marshallian Demand Framework and bounds testing within the Autoregressive-Distributed Lags (ARDL) method during 1980-2017. The results of this study showed that technological innovation, as an exogenous element in the energy demand function, increases energy efficiency and thus reduces energy consumption at a certain level of economic production. The results of this study confirm the theoretical predictions that the short-run GDP elasticities of energy demand are less than the long-term ones. However, controlling the effect of technological innovation, the study finds that increasing GDP and trade openness create rebound effects of technology innovation on energy consumption.

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The performance of a pluralistic extension and advisory system is strongly influenced by the presence of multidisciplinary professional actors and their executive interactions for synergistic achievements in a balanced institutional framework. The specific purpose of this study was to explore the institutional boundary of Iranian pluralistic extension system and the extent to which the multiple providers interact with each other in implementation of related programs. A sequential mixed methods research was developed. Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews, and were analyzed by theme analysis. Quantitative data were gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire and were analyzed by social network analysis. According to the qualitative findings, multiple service providers were classified into 21 distinctive institutional categories. Also, findings showed that the current executive network was not satisfactory in terms of institutional coherence, such that a few dominant providers were very influential in the center, while most of the others had little linkages and thus power at the margin of the extension network. Such a highly centralized network is unsustainable and vulnerable from different viewpoints and cannot fulfill the tasks expected from extension system in Iranian heterogeneous agriculture sector. In this regard, establishing a multi-sectoral institutional platform to focus on enhancing mutual coordination and combining collective actions is recommended as an important structural adjustment in the current extension system. To this end, facilitating roles of the public extension agency as the most influential actor of the existing extension network will be extremely significant.
 

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Innovation is recognized as a key factor in nations and firms competition and innovative firms are one of the perquisites for a dynamic and competitive economy. But firms face challenges and obstacles in path of innovation which different categories of these obstacles are presented. The purpose of this paper is studing innovation barrieers and determining the effects of them on different types of innovation in renewable energy firms. In this regard, innovation obstacles are identified and examined in terms of two categories of internal and external obstacles. Innovations are also divided into four categories of product, process, organizational and marketing. The research has been carried out among 154 renewable energy companies. In order to achieve these goals, at first, the research model was analyzed using factor analysis and path analysis technique and after assessing the fitting of structural models, the research hypotheses test was performed. The research results confirm six factors as internal barriers and six factors as external barriers. Among these factors, the lack of proper market identification and the lack of external resources to finance innovative activities have the greatest effect on the creation of each of the internal and external barriers respectively. Also, eight research hypotheses have all been accepted, indicating the impact of these two categories of barriers on all types of innovation in renewable companies.

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The present study aimed to analyze sugar beet farmers’ intention towards the acceptance of drip irrigation based on an extended version of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The main objectives of this study were introduction of the existing acceptance behavior models, comparison of these theories with a critical point of view, presentation of a theoretical framework based on TAM, and testing the possible relationships among variables. This descriptive-correlational research was conducted through a cross-sectional survey. The statistical population of the study was sugar beet growers of Miandoab District, Iran, of which 346 farmers were selected as the sample of the study using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method (N= 3326). The research instrument was a structured questionnaire, whose face, convergent, and discriminant validity were confirmed. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability coefficients were employed to examine the reliability of research tool (0.74< α< 0.93). The results revealed that the variables of attitude, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness have significant positive effects on behavioral intention towards accepting drip irrigation technology. Innovation features also have an indirect effect on behavioral intention. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that independent variables of extended version of TAM could account for 59.3% of variance of behavioral intention towards drip irrigation acceptance. The significant effect of attitude towards acceptance of drip irrigation in explaining farmers' intention towards acceptance of drip irrigation technologies implies that reinforcing farmers' attitudes will increase the likelihood of activating behavioral intention towards these new irrigation methods. In general, the results of this study contribute to the development of more integrated and comprehensive models in the field of farmers' acceptance behaviors. It also provides practitioners and policy makers of agriculture and water sectors with some useful insights regarding determinants and strategies of behavioral changes.

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The first part of this paper, reviews research on open innovation.There would be four stages in the use of open innovation approach: 1. abtaining; 2. Integrating; 3. Commercializing; 4. The interaction mechanisms. In the second part of the paper, the information is collected by semi-structured interviews.then The information analyzed and investigated using grounded theory method and the four-phase model proposed in the literature. At this stage, the banking and payment industries were selected as the case study; Due to their characteristics according to the study.Finally the main considerations and challenges to implement open innovation approach, is determined. Also an appropriate model to implement open innovation approach is proposed.
 

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The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of Eco-Innovations (EI) in agricultural production cooperatives in Iran. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to the research. The qualitative section included semi-structured interviews, face-to-face interviews, and brainstorming sessions, and the quantitative section included descriptive statistical and spatial and Bayesian probit models to estimate the model of research. SPSS and MATLAB software was used in this study. SPSS software was used to describe the variables, explain the types of EIs and their effects and comparison of adopters and non- adopters, and MATLAB software was used for the estimation of the model. The data of 300 members of agricultural production cooperatives in Khouzestan Province, Iran, were collected based on random sampling, in 2020 summer. The research examined the different types of EIs. For comparison of adopter and non-adopter characteristics, a t-test and Mann-Whitney test (MW) were used. The results of the t-test showed that there was a significant difference between age, income, crop yield, and farm size for adopters and non-adopters of EI. The Mann Whitney U test (MW) showed significant difference between farmers’ education level, EI awareness, attitude toward EI, EI knowledge, willingness to creativity, being risk oriented, and access to information of adopters and non-adopters of EI. Based on the results obtained from the spatial models, with a probability of 99%, both models were significant. Based on the results of the estimation of spatial models, the independent variables and the spatial autoregressive coefficient had significant role on adoption of EI. For practical implications, it can be said that cooperative members, when adopting the EIs, can use the proposed model that is appropriate to their field of work. This study conducted a critical review before specifically recommending how cooperatives become eco-innovators.

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In recent years, nanotechnology has been increasingly used in the food industry, especially to increase the food security. Nanotechnology provides the grounds to understand the food components on a small scale in the food industry. The present study aimed at analyzing the application of nanotechnology to improve the food security. The study sample included all experts (N= 90) of Iran's Nanotechnology Innovation Council selected by a census. This study used a descriptive-survey method. A questionnaire was developed based on the study’s theoretical framework and used for data collection. The validity (content and face) and reliability (factor loading, coefficient of composite reliability, and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient) of the questionnaire were confirmed. The results of testing the hypotheses using Smart PLS, i.e., t-test and path coefficients (β), showed that the food packaging mechanisms directly and significantly affected food security improvement through using nanotechnology. The findings also displayed that the food preservation, processing, and production mechanisms influenced food security improvement through using nanotechnology. By using nanotechnology, the results indicated a direct relationship between foods' taste and color improvement as well as food safety and health improvement.

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A sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem is developed and expanded with an emphasis on innovation-based entrepreneurship in emerging Start-ups. This phenomenon requires identifying the influencing factors in this process. This study aimed to analyze the agricultural start-up ecosystem in order to provide a model of the entrepreneurship in Iran. A survey research method was applied to achieve research objectives. The population of the study consisted of managers of agricultural Start-up of Iran, (N= 90). The questionnaire was the main instrument to collect data. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. In total, the research results showed that 9 constructs and 131 sub-constructs could explain 82.1% of the variance of entrepreneurial sustainability in agricultural Start-ups. Based on the obtained results, the overall goodness of fit statistics shows that the structural model fits well with the data. The planners of the agricultural entrepreneurship sector can play an effective role in smoothing the development path of agricultural entrepreneurship in Start-ups by using the results of this study and considering the identified factors.

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The lack of recognizing Food Valley's potential and the lack of incorporating open innovation into food industry strategies are serious obstacles that debilitate their sustainability and viability. A mixed method approach was used to answer the question of “what are the external and internal factors in a SWOT analysis to evaluate the possibility of establishment of a Food Valley in Iran”. Data was collected using structured interviews with 16 entrepreneurship and food industry experts. The SWOT matrix was based on 42 identified factors, drawn into four categories of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. A total of 17 strategies were presented to establish Food Valley, including 5 offensive strategies, 5 revision strategies, 3 diversity strategies, and 4 defensive strategies. The results found that building trust, creating joint professional workgroups in food companies, having cooperation contracts for the exchange of skilful workforce, sharing information, developing continuous relationships with scientific centers and academia are among the most important strategies for establishing the Food Valley in Iran. Prioritizing alternative strategies illustrated that, since Food Valley is a critical factor in the field of food security, this study contributes to the literature on food security. Policymakers could design special plans to promote strategies for launching and establishing Food Valley and the adoption of open innovation by the agri-food industries and (Small and medium enterprises) SMEs and emphasize the effects of this paradigm to improve innovative products and services.

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The importance of perceiving and knowing children visiting museums in Iran, inform researchers about the shortcoming of fundamentals in this regard, and despite the many potentials of this area, Children's visit to Museums in Iran is facing serious obstacles considering such shortages. In this regard, it seems very important to understand the importance of considering children as museum visitors. According to recent literature and perspectives advanced by experts related to this topic, all with the intent to broaden the views of museum professionals, this presentation wants to clarify the main results of these investigations which include:
•             Innovations of museums for children during their visit to learn and discover cultures
•             Children's criteria for visiting museums, and service quality factors (PhD thesis of researcher: Quality approach in the development of children's visit model),
•             Social and cultural influences in shaping society,
The results offer a framework as a point of departure for understanding children in museums. To sum up, it can be said that museums have important entities for children's attractions, which with proper planning, attention and investment, can turn into young audiences' spotlight.