---

 Resistance literature is the most important cultural strongholds for nations under domination. This word has always been associated with anti oppression and evokes it. This genre of literature has got a long bachground in the history that because of ruling oppression in muslim countries from alien countries and also imposed wars, has got a special representation. Iran and Palestine are two prominent examples of this country. Saleh Mahmood Alhowariis one of the poets who pays special attention to Palestine. Also TaherehSafarzadeh,with his poetry has defended his nation confronting aliens, and we see manifestation of resistance in her poems. Pride and national identity and patriotism, challenge, hope for a better future, and invitation to solidarity are of the common themes in the poetry of both poets.This study intends to express the themes of resistance literature in poetry of both poets and compare these kind of themes in their poetry using library tool and descriptive-analytical method the American School of comparative literature.

---

Feminism and feministic critique of works of literature are the new topics in literature in the last century that has been highly regarded by writers and literary scholars. In contemporary Persian and Arabic literature, especially after the second half of the twentieth century, the growth of feminist approach to literature and poetry and prosing works of women-centered has been remarkable. Nawal El Saadawi and Shahrnoush Parsipour were feminist writers that protest a patriarchal system of social customs in their novels and look at the world with women mentality. Thus, due to the influence of feminist thinking and the current situation of women in novels of Saadawi and Parsipour, with an emphasis on descriptive - analytical and comparative approach, this article attempts to analyze the novels of "Diary of a doctor" and "The Dog and the Long Winter" based on feminist criticism. The findings suggest that the authors pay particular attention to factors such as protest against a patriarchal society, expression of oppression against women and women's identity an also have been trying to figure out individuality. In the field of differences, gender apartheid and hatred love and emotions of women in society are among feminist clear differences between the novels.

---

The turbulent region of the Persian Gulf and West Asia, as well as the Horn of Africa, has always been at risk of establishing security due to political and social turmoil and sometimes long and erosive wars. While in today's world, security is still one of the most important goods that can be supported by stability and progress. Iran and Saudi Arabia, as the two main powers in the Persian Gulf and influential powers in the Horn of Africa, can play a pivotal role in creating regional security. Security cooperation between Iran and Saudi Arabia can be expanded on various aspects, from the field of shipping, energy, and the fight against smuggling to cooperation on areas of influence. Having said that, the basic question is raised, what are the challenges and obstacles of security cooperation between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Persian Gulf and Horn of Africa? The temporary answer to this question is as follows: The acting of the United States of America in the Persian Gulf, the lack of common understanding regarding security issues, geopolitical differences and cultural-religious differences and the lack of understanding over the area of ​​influence are the challenges and obstacles to the security cooperation between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Persian Gulf and Horn of Africa. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and in order to collect data and information, library and internet sources have been used. Based on the findings of this research, de-threats from Shiite Islam and confronting Iranophobia, technical and economic cooperation and finding a framework for cooperation on regional issues can be considered as solutions to realize security cooperation between Iran and Saudi Arabia.

---

This article examines the changes that have occurred in Arabic loanwords after entering the Persian language. These changes are described and categorized on the phonetic and semantic levels. The results of the research show that some Arabic phonemes have become some of the closest phonemes in terms of the place of production (without second generation) in the Persian phonemic system due to their absence in Persian language or their dual articulation in Arabic.
At the level of semantic, although the loan words has entered the Persian language with the same form as in Arabic, they have meanings other than hgose in the Arabic language. On the other hand, many of these loan words in the post-Safavid period have received new meanings in new contexts in accordance with the Persian and Shiite culture, which has not been used in Arabic; so far as we have to translate these words from Persian to Arabic into different words. These semantic transformations can be categorized under several groups including: semantic changes, semantic narrowing, semantic widening, semantic elevation, and semantic pejoration.

---

In the Magnetically Assisted Chemical Separation (MACS) process, tiny ferromagnetic particles coated with solvent extractant are used to selectively separate radionuclides and hazardous metals from aqueous waste streams. The contaminant-loaded particles are then recovered from the waste solutions using a magnetic field. In the present study, Cyanex272 or C272 (bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid) coated magnetic particles are being evaluated for the possible application in the extraction of Uranium (VI) from nuclear waste streams. The uptake behaviour of U(VI) from nitric acid solutions was investigated by batch studies.
Adsorption of uranium (VI) from aqueous solution onto adsorbent was investigated in a batch system. Adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetic studies of uranium (VI) onto nanoparticles coated Cyanex272 were carried out in a batch system. The factors influencing uranium (VI) adsorption were investigated and described in detail, as a function of the parameters such as initial pH value, contact time, adsorbent mass, and initial uranium (VI) concentration. Magnetically Assisted Chemical Separation (MACS) process adsorbent showed best results for the fast adsorption of U (VI) from aqueous solution at aqueous phase acidity value of 0.5 molar. In addition, more than 80% of U (VI) was removed within the first 2 hours, and the time required to achieve the adsorption equilibrium was only 140 minutes. Langmuir and Frendlich adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of the adsorption equilibrium. Equilibrium data agreed very well with the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 48 mg.g^-1. Adsorption kinetics data were tested using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the chemical adsorption was the rate-limiting step.
 

---

Hydrodynamic factors have been proved to effectively influence the high-performance heap leaching, hence this study evaluates them on column bioleaching of low grade uranium ore. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to predict the behavior of effective parameters particle size, irrigation rate, aeration rate and their interactions in the bioleaching process. Obtained results showed that the best model for the recovery of each metal was the quadratic model. The maximum values of uranium recovery at the optimum condition, (d₈₀ 5, mm particle size, 0.34, l/m²/min irrigation rate, and 210, l/m³/min aeration rate), were 63.85%. The results from the model and the experimental data show good agreement.

 

---

In this study, a planetary ball mill was used for mechanical activation of phosphate concentrate by dry milling in argon atmosphere. To investigate the structural changes of fluorapatite, amorphization degree, crystallite size, micro-strain, particles size, specific surface area changes and new phase formation were investigated. The crystallite size and micro-strain were estimated using Williamson-Hall method. To investigate the influence of effective parameters on mechanical activation, the ball to powder ratio of 20:1 and 40:1 with two types of balls of 9.4 and 20 mm and speeds of 200 and 500 rpm was used. The results showed that agglomeration of particles occur at higher intensities of mechanical activation, but no phase change occurs during high intensity ball milling. The most variations in crystallite size, micro-strain, surface area, amorphization degree and XRD line broadening were for samples that were activated by smaller balls for longer time. The results of the Williamson-Hall plots showed that the maximum effect of mechanical activation on phosphate concentrate was in the first 20 minutes with small balls and the crystallite size, micro-strain and amorphization degree was changed from 225 nm, 0.09% and 0% for initial sample to 64.29 nm, 0.9% and 80.081% for mechanically activated sample, respectively. Also the results showed that changes in cell parameter at c direction had larger effect on unit cell volume. The maximum unit cell volume variations were corresponding to mechanically activated sample with 9.4 mm balls that changed from 525.4 (A³) for initial sample to 528 (A³) for activated one after 90 min.
 

---

Some bacteria can survive in conditions in which even extremophiles cannot survive. In this study, the conditions of contamination of mine-waste extremophiles with other bacteria was studied on the laboratory scale. At the first step, the acid-producing extremophile bacteria were isolated from mine tailings and characterized using a biochemical protocol. The extremophiles survived at the pH from 0 to 8.5 and temperature from ‒ 70 °C to 90 °C. After the complete growth and isolation of active colonies of the acidophilic bacteria in solid medium, their pollution possibility were examined in the laboratory. The characterization of contaminating microorganisms was performed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 16s rRNA gene sequencing. The polluting bacteria were isolated from the acid-producing bacteria using a nutrient broth liquid medium in a sterilized condition for 1 week, which reached an anaerobic condition after a while. The significant growth of acidophilic bacteria in an anaerobic condition required the 9K medium containing Fe₂(SO₄)₃ and elemental sulphur. The results showed that the contaminating bacteria of extremophiles included Bacillus cereus (strain 1), Bacillus sp. (TS3) and Bacillus oryzaecorticis (WJB138), enduring the anaerobic conditions in a nutrient broth medium.
 

---

Pollution caused by tailing dam is one of the most important mining industry issues which creates many environmental problems.  Among these, heavy metals play a major role in the destruction and degradation of natural habitats and have harmful effects on human health. In first part of this paper, the effective parameters which leach heavy metals from solid waste of bauxite mine have been investigated. The leaching tank test results indicated that among heavy elements vanadium has the highest concentration at pH of 2, temperature of 60°C, residence time of 8 hours, and the ratio of solid phase to liquid phase of approximately 1.  The column leaching tests showed that the increase of the input from 0.4 to 0.9 cc at pH of 7, increased vanadium dissolution. Similarly, after increasing column leaching time from 3 to 30 days, the vanadium dissolution will be 2.5 times. When the pH increases from 7 to 13 caused two times dissolution.
 

---

In this paper, results of the study on heavy metals solubility behavior of Ni-Cd filter cakes in Iranian Zinc Mine Development Company (IZMDC) plants are investigated. The effects of pH, temperature, liquid/solid ratio and contact time on the release of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Ni and Pb) into water media was examined. Also, “Extraction procedure tests” approved by EPA were applied to the residues. Moreover, statistical data analysis was performed and the most important parameters for dissolution of Zn, Cd, Ni and Pb were found to be the pH and L/S.. The concentration of Cd and Pb in the extracts obtained from filter cakes by applying EPA extraction procedures at pH 5 are over 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L, which are toxicity limits, respectively. The concentrations of other metals in the solution are above the limits given by various quality standards for surface water.

 

---

Nowadays, countries are required to develop the architectural plans by using vernacular and climatic architectures so that they can provide comfort to residents in addition to protect them from adverse climate factors such as wind, cold, and extreme heat. Vernacular architecture in both Nepal and Iran is seen as a precious model of climate adaptive design. The cold and mountainous climate of these two countries has created special conditions for residents. The purpose of current paper is to record the climatic design patterns of the two countries and to compare them in order to present new approaches derived from the vernacular architecture. From this point of view, this article provides a great help to researchers and designers in this field. Moreover, the present research is derived from library, documentary and statistical sources in an analytical and research method and finally, the conclusion is comparative to the promotional approach and to the practical goals. The results were obtained after collecting, recording, and adjusting the climate design patterns of the two countries. Finally, Nepal's vernacular architectural solutions, which were in line with vernacular and climatic architecture, were presented to guide the vernacular architecture of Iran for the benefit of residents. It is hoped that by using these solutions, we can take a step forward in protecting the environment and saving energy.

---

---

---

---

In addition to diagnostic measures in the early stages of the widespread disease of COVID-19, prevention of the presence of individuals in high-risk environments, along with the proper distribution of population and services, is also effective in controlling the spread of the disease. The epidemic model, is based on population and movement. The aim is to introduce hazardous maps at the outbreak of corona disease and to explain the framework for their preparation and application based on issues related to resident behaviors. This research has been done by the method of logical reasoning and by analytical study of the existing samples, the components that are effective in preparing these maps and updating them. To this end, after the typology of the maps, the results evaluation criteria were validated from the perspective of the outputs. According to the research results, the dynamics of human movement data are key to estimating spatial interactions in these maps; Because of the social distance, staying home, and closing down jobs, fundamental changes occur in individual and group movements. Using different sources of information can be provided, the platform for participation of different groups of users using mapping maps is provided with an active and inactive demographic approach and increased efficiency. The development of such maps is a collaboration between the fields of epidemiology, health, environmental psychology, and public planning and design, especially urban design, to ensure that integrated studies based on the dynamics of location-based behaviors greatly enhance the validity of the maps.

---

Smart materials and shells affect on represent the space and identity of a society with their special activity and like any technology and element, it has its own effects and consequences and it can be said that based on the visual attractions and philosophy of the age of communication and visualization the culture of societies founded. The aim of this research is explaination of these effects on urban smart surfaces from psychological and intellectual and cultural anomalies aspects and helping designers to use it logically and in accordance with the culture and smart buildings of the community. The present research has a positive-content aspect and from another aspect, has a normative-content structure. Also, the research method includes descriptive and analytical research along with qualitative strategy, because it addresses contemporary social and cultural conditions. Data collection is based on library studies and documentation. The physical and material effects of smart shells that make urban facades based on perceptual visual cultures in perceptual aspects are criticized: truth and reality, time and space, experience and event, equality and justice, knowledge and information in a society and consider equal the meaning of firmness with persistence, generosity with lavishness, tolerance with indifference, adherence to affection and beauty with pretense and and in sensual aspects: Unity, distance and distance from the world, distorting other senses, undermining the message and meaning of the sender of the message, separation, isolation, apparent attachment, limiting taste, inhumanity of architecture and urbanization would be the results of increasing use of them.

---

---

The Horn of Africa region in the east of this continent consists of four countries: Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti. Due to its geographical, geopolitical, strategic, geostrategic, geo-economics, etc. features, this region has always been of interest to regional and extra-regional actors. Each of the actors is trying to exert influence in this region and its countries and nations according to their national and strategic interests. Saudi Arabia is one of the active regional actors in the countries of the Horn of Africa. It seems that, in addition to its political, economic, military and security goals, this country pursues the promotion of its ideology and thinking, that is, Wahhabism. This research aims to investigate the ideological actions of Saudi Arabia in the countries of the Horn of Africa with the descriptive-analytical method and using library sources. The results show that Saudi Arabia is trying to promote Wahhabism among the Horn of Africa Muslims by spending financial expenses in the form of education, creating educational infrastructures, supporting Wahhabi groups, etc.
 

---

Emphasis on providing students with authentic and comprehensive educational experiences has been recommended in many educational systems as a necessity for motor, social and psychological growth. Despite the focus of recent studies on preparing physical education teachers to enter the profession, little attention has been paid to beginning teachers and how these teachers can promote rich physical education experiences. Therefore, this study seeks to understand how a beginning physical education teacher can implement the collaborative learning model and share responsibility for teaching-learning processes with students. The participants included 77 physical education teachers with little experience and novices of the first secondary school in Razavi Khorasan (Qochan, Taibad, Mashhad), whose opinions were obtained using a researcher-made questionnaire. One-sample t-test and regression were used to analyze the findings. The results showed that the indicators of cooperative learning, being active in the class, teachers' experience, recognized talent, interaction with other students and following the manager's and teacher's decisions have a significant effect on students' skills.
 

---

This article examines the growing relationships between China and North African countries, focusing on the economic, diplomatic, and security aspects of these interactions. The primary research question is how China has managed to expand its presence in North Africa and what impact this expansion will have on these countries' relationships with their traditional Western partners. The research hypothesis is that while the development of China's relations with North Africa creates new economic opportunities for these countries, it may also lead to challenges in their relations with Western countries. The findings indicate that although China's relationships with North Africa provide numerous economic and infrastructural opportunities, they could lead to tensions with these countries' traditional Western partners. Additionally, regional security issues such as the Western Sahara conflict and the Libyan war may require more active Chinese participation. Therefore, the research aims to describe, analyze, and interpret the collected essential information considering the sensitivity and fluidity of the topic, assessing the impact of the variables on each other. The study is applied in nature and adopts a descriptive and analytical approach with a documentary-library collection model and a case study method for the mentioned countries. It aims to provide a thorough examination of the grand strategies to better understand the dynamics of China-North Africa relations and their implications for the global order.

---

The United States of America has always tried to play a role in different regions of the world due to the international position it gained after the Second World War and especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Although the importance of those regions in American grand strategies has never been the same. The question that the upcoming article intends to examine and answer is what is the form, nature and type of America's interaction with the African continent and what principles and foundations does it follow. The hypothesis that is examined in response to this question using the analytical-historical method is that the United States is moving away from value-based foreign policy and a broad definition of the war against terrorism, towards foreign policy Based on security and strategic requirements, it has moved to countries located or close to the western and eastern coastal border of the African continent.