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Nowadays, people with jobs such as judgment and attorney, which are mostly regarded as professions, spend great amounts of times with high efficiency. Continuous hard work in court and attorney workplaces is very strange. In this paper, we try to explain the strange captivation of judges and attorneys to work, under the term of workaholic behaviors. This research is a practical and uses descriptive-survey method. Also, in terms of relationship between the variables of the research, it is a correlative research and more specifically, based on Structural Equation Modeling. Research population includes judges and attorneys of Tehran who work in courts and law offices. The results of the research exhibit that there is a meaningful relationship between behavioral characteristics of judges and attorneys and their workaholics. Results also indicate that there is a significant and positive relationship between burn out and organizational commitment with workaholics.  

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Aim: Nowadays, sexual behaviours of the youths have turned into a controversial issue all over the world due to widespread sexually transmitted infections (STIs), human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and unwanted pregnancies. Regarding the increasing interactions of the youths with their friends and peers in Iranian society in the recent years, this research was conducted to explain the role of friends and peers to establish pre-marital sexual relationships among the youths.
Methods: This qualitative research was conducted on 30 single boys and girls aged 18-24 years, living in Isfahan, Iran, who had already started sexual activities and 17 other participants who were in a way involved in the experienced events by the youths. Data collection was done using semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using conventional content analysis.
Findings: After analyzing the interviews, two sub-categories emerged including "being influenced by friends and peers" and "exchanging sexual information and contents", which were entitled “The effects of youths, interactions with friends and peers” as the main category.
Conclusion: Considering the important role of friends and peers in shaping pre-marital sexual relationships among the youths, providing them with comprehensive educational programs about STIs, HIV/AIDS, and sexual health protection through peer-based educational approach is necessary.

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This paper deals with the effects of duty cycle on improvement of pressure distribution over a NLF0414 airfoil using the plasma actuators. Three Dielectric barrier discharges as the plasma actuators are flush mounted on the airfoil surface in different positions to improve pressure distribution at post-stall angles of attack. The experiments were performed in wind tunnel with pressure tabs measurements at Re_c=7.5×〖10〗^5. The main objective of these experiments is to find the most effective duty cycles for different excitation frequencies and different angles of attack. Results show that the plasma actuators in unsteady excitations are more effective in lower duty cycles on low excitation frequencies but the lower duty cycles lose their effectiveness on higher excitation frequencies.

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Aims: The arrival of European architects and the return of the Iranians students were the root of modern architecture in Iran. Roofing with truss structures is one of the architectural achievements of this period. In many buildings, and even for covering industrial buildings, trusses were used to cover large spans. The present study tries to address the differences between Iranian and non-Iranian truss structures in industrial heritage buildings.

Methods: The first step of the research is documentation. The second part is based on the field study and structural analysis. Six samples were selected from among from the shared-heritage of Iran and Germany in the late Qajar and beginning Pahlavi era in the Gilan and the Mazandaran provinces. The methodology was set to explain the difference between Iranian and non-Iranian truss structures.

Findings: Among the six selected samples of sloping structures, the two were made with Iranian truss systems and in the four other samples non-Iranian truss systems. The first group is only pretending to be sloping structures but the second group could be categorized as real truss structures.

Conclusion: Investigating the two different groups of sloped roof structures suggests that Iranian truss systems are different from the western truss due to deployment of elements, cut of the wood, joints and distribution of forces. It shows that what we name as Iranian systems of truss structure is only similar in face with the western truss systems; and in statics point of view, those are different obviously.

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This paper deals with experimental measurements of the instantaneous ionic wind velocity induced by Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator in quiescent air at atmospheric pressure. A parametric study has been performed in order to increase the velocity of the ionic wind induced by the DBD actuators. The electrical and mechanical characteristics of the plasma actuator have been studied under different conditions. The main objective of this work was to help to optimize the geometrical and electrical parameters to obtain more effective ionic wind for flow control. The time averaged velocity profiles of the ionic wind show that the position of the maximum velocity come near the surface by increasing the excitation frequency. Our results indicate that the DBD plasma actuators generate vortices at the same frequency of the excitation frequency of the applied high voltage. The power, of the vortices that are shed from the actuators, increases by increasing duty cycle percentage. Unlike other similar works in this field, this study has examined the behavior of unsteady plasma actuator.

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Kermanshah province with an area about 24953, 286 square kilometers is located in the middle of western side of the country which its main part is in the zones of nappe and foliated Zagross and its heights are often formed of the hard carbonated formations. The Karsti zoning of Kermanshah province play an important role in the providing and feeding of aquiferouses; for this reason to recognize these zonations and the rate of their modification, the zoning of the modification of the karst is done in this research and its map has been drawn too. For the purpose of acquiring of the aims of the research , first the closed superficial holes as the index of the modification of the karst were recognized by using the topographic maps 1/50000 and the recognizing pictures 5 metersIRS (BW), their maps were drawn ap and after examining statistically and confirm ation of relationships the maps and the subject, by the help of the Kay square and the rotary operation, seven factors of height, lithology, geomorphology, temperature, rainfall, vaporization and slope as the effective factors in the modification of the karst have been selected. After digitalization of all of the respective data for evaluation (giving weight) the classes of the maps of aquired from the statistics ways, analysis of the hierarchic (expertizing judgement), condensation of the surface, the informational value, the variables weight and the experimental way were used. Then in the environment of GIS the maps of the factor of overlapping and the maps of the zoning the modification of the karast has been aquired with the 5 ways mentioned. Among the ways used for zonation, the way of the informational value has the most adaption with the selected index ( the closed holes ) in the zone table and the graph of the per each station irrigation schedule table forecast being studied The aquired maps of the zoning , beside the determininationof the zones with different degrees of modification of the Karst's forms in the province, they also show the ranges with more convenient than of Karst's activity in the current climate. It also becomes clear in this research that the cacalreous mass of Bistoon proportion to the other forma tions in the structural unit of nappe Zagros and proportion to the other structural units (foliated Zagross and transformation zone ).

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Objectives: The main goal of the research is to introduce tea factories and to recognize their architectural patterns, which are considered to be an exclusive example of industrial architecture in northern Iran. Therefore, the research takes into account 6 components and analyzes 4 selected examples of factories, and separates the architectural pattern of each one.
Methods: This research is based on quantitative-qualitative method, relying on descriptive-analytical strategies and studying the architectural features of tea factories built in Northern Iran, during the Pahlavi period. Historical studies have been done by referring to historical documents or referring to the archives of Iran Tea Organization and Tea Research Institute.
Findings: The analysis of the architecture of tea factories based on 6 components shows the plan, volume, roof structure and type of covering, materials, facade, openings and decorations.  In the 4 examples of tea factories, two are the first Pahlavi examples built by European architects, and in the other two examples from the second Pahlavi period, a combination of modern and traditional architecture is evident in the body of the buildings.
Conclusion: The predominant pattern of tea factories in Iran is an axial plan with a central projection, a sloping roof, row openings and a simple view. It was first performed by German architects in Iran. In the examples of the second side, with the presence of traditional architects and the use of materials such as bricks, the facade was reduced.

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Societies and governments have considered tax as one of the most important ways of public financing. Moreover, identifying new tax capacity to improve tax status and to increase tax incomes is assumed substantial. On the other hand, most economists believe that economic status of a country is affected not only by the economic performance of region but also by the adjacent zones. Therefore, ignoring such spatial factors and linkages may negatively affect the performance of that region. Accordingly, convergence and the related subjects are increasingly drawing the attention of more economists. The present study tries to examine the tax capacity convergence among Iran's provinces during 2001-2011 using Spatial Econometrics in MATLAB software. The findings indicate that meaningful and negative coefficient of the lagged dependent variable represents the convergence of the tax to value added (VA) ratio to its long-term path.  

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In this research experimental results of 60 degree delta wing airplane that conducted in National Low Speed Wind Tunnel is presented. The wind tunnel is closed type has an opened test section that its dimensions are 2.8 m × 2.2 m. Tests Reynolds number is beyond 1.5 million that achievement of this Reynolds number at low speed is unique in the country. Ground effect is measured using a fixed plane that its height is variable. Tests are conducted at the different height and aerodynamics forces and moments are measured using a sting type six component strain gaged balance. The tests results showed that the maximum lift coefficients increased from 1.29 to 1.38 due to presence of the ground plane. The lift coefficient due to ground plane in all range of angle of attack is increased and induced drag coefficient is decreased and consequently, the overall aerodynamics efficiency (lift to drag ratio) is increased from 8 to 14.5. When the distance between model and ground plane is less than half of the wing span, lift curve slope is increased in high rate from 2.66 per radian to 3.11 per radian. Decreasing this distance is caused the aerodynamic center is shifted backward and consequently longitudinal static stability is increased. Consequently presence of ground plane is caused increasing of airplane static stability.