Showing 4 results for mehrara
Mohammad Hosein Fatehi Dabanlou, Dr Kambiz Hojabr Kiani, Dr Abbas Memar Nejad, Dr Mohsen mehrara,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (Autumn 2018)
Abstract
This research aims to analyze interaction between governance and development in oil- exporting countries. In this regard, the interactions are compared in two groups of countries, namely oil-exporting countries in the Middle East and oil-exporting countries beyond the Middle East. The function of governance has become one of the fundamental issues, and the Middle East countries are particularly important for research because of their geographic location and oil revenues. In this paper, three-stage least squares method is used to estimate the model based on the World Bank data during 1996-2014, and Wald, Kruskal-Wallis, and Least Significant Difference (LSD) tests are used to check the research hypotheses. The results indicate a significant difference in interaction between governance and development among oil-exporting countries in the Middle East and those beyond the Middle East. In both groups of the countries, effect of development on governance was greater than that of the governance on development. Despite the similarity in oil exports, geographic environment (i.e. similarities in culture, religion, and some of customs) affects the interaction between governance and development. As such, paying adequate attention to the development not only improves its indices, but also enhances situation of the governance and hence improves their performance. This is also the case for the governance, but the rate of changes fueled by the development is higher.
Dr Mohsen mehrara, Dr Sajad Barkhordari, Hazhar Ebrahimzadeghan,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (Spring 2020 2020)
Abstract
The change in the price of real and financial assets is one of the factors that cause business cycle through different channels such as consumption, investment, firm’s balance sheet, and net export. With attention to aware of factor causing on business cycle in Adopting Economic policies, in this paper, we investigated the effect of stock market, house price, exchange rate, and liquidity on business cycle using linear and nonlinear LSTR models and season’s data in the period of 1991-2018. In nonlinear model, which is more suitable for explaining the relationship between variables in comparison with linear model, the cyclical component of the exchange rate selected as the transition variable and the value of the transition parameter was estimated to be 83.89 rials. Considering the estimated value of the transmission parameter, in the period, there were two regimes in the Iranian economy, low-exchange rate regime and a high-exchange rate regime. The results indicate that in both regimes, an increase in stock prices and liquidity cause economic expansion. Also, an increase in house prices and a decline in the exchange rate in the first regime put the economy at an expansion phase and put the economy at a recession phase in the second regime. Therefore, in order to expanding the economy, it is suggested that, on the one hand, the exchange rate be kept low and, on the other hand, increase housing price, stock price and liquidity.
Mrs Fateme Shamsolahrar Fard, Dr. Majid Ahmadian, Dr. Nafiseh Behradmehr, Dr. Mohsen mehrara, Dr. Ghahraman Abdoli,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (winter 2020 2020)
Abstract
This paper investigates the role of financial development factors on how to affect oil price on oil and gas rents in Iran. In order to construct a multidimensional financial development index, the principal component analysis and weighted average of nine financial development indicators are used. The oil price is derived from the estimates of spot prices. Data is collected seasonally for Iran during the period of 1970Q1-2016Q4. In order to evaluate the how to affect oil price on oil and gas rents, a simultaneous equations system, the SUR estimator, and rolling regression method are used in two stages. In the first step, the ARDL rolling method is used to estimate the effect of oil price on oil and gas rents. Then, the effect of multidimensional financial development index on the oil price is determined by simultaneous equations system of oil and gas rents. The findings indicate the positive effect of multidimensional financial development index on how to influence oil price on oil rent and gas rents. It means that increasing multidimensional financial development index strengthens the effectiveness of oil price on oil and gas rents in Iran.
Dr Hojatolah Shayeganfard, Dr Mohsen mehrara,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (Spriing 2025)
Abstract
Aim and Introduction
Tehran province and its southeastern area (Varamin Plain) is a clear example of the dire situation in the country in terms of water scarcity. While the average rainfall in this area has always been declining in recent years, agricultural practice in this area is facing a difficult situation due to digging unauthorized wells, lack of clear water rights for the upstream dams, as well as transfering part of the wastewater from Tehran metropolis. In the past periods, the agricultural water of Varamin plain was supplied from atmospheric precipitation, water rights of upstream rivers and canals. Due to frequent droughts and other unnatural and human factors, these resources have been replaced by other sources of supply such as agricultural wells, water rights of upstream dams and Tehran urban sewage effluents. This form of water supply during planting and farming seasons, have created many problems for the farmers in Varamin Plain. In this article, while identifying these problems, impact assessment of the most important variables on Varamini farmers' preferences in using water resources extracted from irrigation canals are discussed by applying the discrete choice test method.
Methodology
Considering the widespread use of the discrete choice test technique in extracting the preferences of goods and services for which there is no market, or the market is incomplete, in this research, in order to value and extract the willingness to pay for non-market variables (water quality, water release rights of dams and canals, the quality status of water canals and how to monitor the water flow) by considering the variable "water price" as the normalizing monetary variable, the discrete choice test technique has been used. To achieve this goal, four steps; Identification of variables and their levels, design of selection sets, distribution of questionnaires and data collection and finally implementation of statistical analysis have been done.
Findings
The signs of the estimated coefficients show that any reduction in agricultural water price, improved water quality, tightened water source monitoring, guaranteed water rights released from the dams and canals, improved and expanded water canals will increase the level of utility of Varamini farmers. In the context of farmers' willingness to pay (by including agricultural water price variable as a normalizing monetary variable), the research findings showed that the variable "water rights status released from dams and canals" is the most important one in the preferences of the respondents (farmers) who are willing to pay a higher price of 58% of water in exchange for guaranteeing the supply and receipt of water during the low rainfall seasons of the year. This shows the vulnerability of farmers and agricultural products cultivated in Varamin Plain in the face of water scarcity and drought crisis.
Discussion and Conclusion
By including the agricultural price water rate variable as a normalizing monetary variable), the findings of the research showed that "the status of water rights created by dams and canals" variable is the most important in the preferences of the respondents (farmers), as they are willing to spend the most for guaranteeing the supply and receipt of water in the low rainfall seasons of the year (paying 58% of the higher water price to guarantee water rights in the planting and harvesting seasons). On the other hand, "monitoring status of water mains" variable has the least importance in the preferences of the respondents (farmers) in such a way that they are willing to pay only 11% more for intensifying monitoring of water mains.
On the other hand, the calculations related to the probability of choosing the levels of the variables showed: a) the probability of choosing the current price of water is equal to 55%. b) the probability of choosing higher quality water is 63%. c) the probability of choosing a centralized government supervision on the performance of waterworks is equal to 57%. d) The probability of trying to get enough water in the summer seasons (hot seasons) is equal to 81%. f) The probability of paying attention to the repair and expansion of the canals is equal to 60%. In addition to that, in the context of providing policy recommendations, it is suggested to pay serious attention to the issue of agricultural water in the Varamin Plain. Establishing a chemical treatment plant, and improving irrigation canals, are highly recommended since agricultural produce of this plain are considered as one of the main sources of food supply for Tehran metropolis. Otherwise, it can potentially cause detrimental damage to the health of Tehran citizens due to heavy metal penetration into agricultural produce in the long term. Any form of negligence will make the fertile lands of the region barren and uncultivable due to the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil
