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In their economic analysis of democracy and its institutions, economists often use methods which are very similar to market analysis. When methods and techniques of economic analysis are used in studying democracy, one of the interesting results is that the performance of the political market is similar to that of economic market. The timelessness of money as private good is an important condition for the optimal resource allocation mechanism in the economic market. In this regard, this article uses the mechanism of the timelessness of money in the economic market in order to allocate advantages and benefits to citizens in the political market optimally. To do this, a monetary model similar to the political market sphere is designed using the concept of Anthony Downs’s (1957) rational voter hypothesis, and applying the idea of Paul Samuelson's (1958) monetary model within microeconomic theory of consumption. Using such model, the timelessness and storability of votes can investigated. The results show that the timelessness of money leads to a superior allocation, Pareto optimality and improvement in the optimal situation of voters.

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Population age structure is a main factor affecting government consumption expenditure. This paper examines the effects of changes in population age structure on government consumption expenditure by using a Mixed Frequency Data Sampling (MIDAS) approach. The estimation results indicate that population age structure are of positive and significant effects on government consumption expenditure. In addition, government consumption expenditure is forecasted for 2014. To assess the predictive power of the model, the actual data in 2014 was not used. The expenditure forecasted by the model is 1437079 billion Rials, and corresponding real value is 1438316 billion Rials. This indicates the goodness of fit of model.