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Showing 9 results for Torki
Volume 7, Issue 3 (Summer 2019)
Abstract
Aims: Locus of control (LOC) refers to the extent to which individuals believe that they can control events that affect them. Health Locus of Control (HLOC) refers to beliefs that related to how one’s health is affected by oneself, others, or fate; and also it is one of the most broadly measured factors of health beliefs for the scheduling of health education programs. The aim of this study was to assess HLOC among Students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This cross‑sectional study was conducted in 297 students in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in Iran selected by simple random sampling method in 2018. Data collection was done by the demographic questionnaire and Form “B” of Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale. Statistical analysis includes (ANOVA, t-test, Pearson test) was performed using SPSS version 20 and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Findings: The mean±SD of three dimensions of HLOC were 26.41±3.98, 16.64±4.36 and 21.67±4.37 for internal, chance and powerful others respectively. There was a significant relationship between internal and powerful others locus of control dimensions with sex (p=0.035, p=0.041). Further, there was not a significant relationship between HLOC dimensions with students’ age, major, parent’s education and occupation.
Conclusion: Since the most scores were relating to an internal locus of control dimension and fewer scores were relating to the chance locus of control dimension, it can be concluded that personal behavioral factors have more influence on students' health and their beliefs about chance, luck or fate has less influence on their health.
Materials and Methods: This cross‑sectional study was conducted in 297 students in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in Iran selected by simple random sampling method in 2018. Data collection was done by the demographic questionnaire and Form “B” of Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale. Statistical analysis includes (ANOVA, t-test, Pearson test) was performed using SPSS version 20 and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Findings: The mean±SD of three dimensions of HLOC were 26.41±3.98, 16.64±4.36 and 21.67±4.37 for internal, chance and powerful others respectively. There was a significant relationship between internal and powerful others locus of control dimensions with sex (p=0.035, p=0.041). Further, there was not a significant relationship between HLOC dimensions with students’ age, major, parent’s education and occupation.
Conclusion: Since the most scores were relating to an internal locus of control dimension and fewer scores were relating to the chance locus of control dimension, it can be concluded that personal behavioral factors have more influence on students' health and their beliefs about chance, luck or fate has less influence on their health.
Mohammad Vaez Barzani, Leila Torki, Naeimeh Jelvehgaran,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
With globalization getting momentum, capital inflow has been an instrument for economies to grow fast in recent decades. Hence, identifying the factors that affect capital inflow and outflow - net international capital mobility- would be desirable to achieve economic stability. As usual, one of the factors that influence on capital inflow is high return of capital. New experiments explore the crucial role of risk and liquidity intensive on net international capital mobility. So, the purpose of this study is to analyze the analytical impact of credit risk scoring on the net international capital mobility in Iran within the period of 1980-2009. To achieve credit risk scoring, the Fink's scoring model has been used to identify the determinants of credit risk. Then, the rank of each factor has been appeared separately and finally the country's credit risk scoring has been estimated. Then, the final model using time series data and ordinary least squares method are analyzed. The impact of liquidity, different return of inside and outside and credit risk on net international capital mobility in Iran are discussed at the end of the paper. The results show that all mentioned variables have an anticipated effect on net capital inflow.
Volume 16, Issue 10 (1-2017)
Abstract
The thermoelasticity problem in a thick-walled isotropic and homogeneous cylinder is solved analytically using finite Hankel transform and Laplace transform. Time-dependent thermal and mechanical boundary conditions are prescribed on the inner and the outer surfaces of the hollow cylinder. For the thermal boundary conditions, the temperature itself is prescribed on the boundaries. For the mechanical boundary conditions, the tractions are prescribed on both the inner and the outer surfaces of the hollow cylinder. Obtaining the distribution of the temperature throughout the cylinder, the dynamical structural problem is solved and closed-form relations are derived for radial displacement, radial stress and hoop stress. As a case study, exponentially decaying temperature with respect to time is prescribed on the inner surface and the temperature of the outer surface is considered to be zero, where the mechanical tractions on the inner and the outer surfaces of the hollow cylinder are assumed to be zero. On solving the dynamical thermoelasticity problem, a thermal shock was observed after plotting the results. Using the obtained plots, instants of reaching dilatation wave to specific radial positions are computed and compared with those from the classical formula.
Volume 20, Issue 2 (February 2020)
Abstract
Micro milling is widely used for producing industrial micro parts. In micromachining, approaching the depth of cut to tool cutting tip radius causes some problems in achieving desired surface quality and burr formation. It is impossible to use conventional deburring methods in micro parts due to the reduction of machining scale and the importance of high dimensional accuracy and surface quality. Therefore, it is important to comprehend micro end milling and the effect of process parameters on reducing these problems. In this study, the effect of spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut on surface roughness and burr size during micro end milling of AISI1045 steel have been investigated using the response surface method. Two flute endmills with 0.8 mm diameters have been used in this study. Results show that feed rate with 55.26, 37.53 and 44.55 percent contribution on burr size in up milling side, down milling side and surface roughness is the most effective parameter in the micro end milling process. Selecting the maximum amount of spindle speed, feed rate, and the minimum amount of depth of cut causes minimum burr size in both up milling and down milling side. 36000RPM spindle speed, 5.7mm/s feed rate and 0.086 mm depth of cut causes the best surface quality in micro-milling of mentioned steel.
Dr Leila Torki, Baran Mazaheri,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (winter 1401 2022)
Volume 22, Issue 4 (winter 1401 2022)
Abstract
Aim and Introduction
Financial sanctions have long been a powerful tool for countries to achieve their political goals and secure their interests. Countries usually apply economic sanctions when they intend to force the target country to change certain policies that are not acceptable to the sending countries. The impact of financial sanctions may be far beyond the scope of a country's economy, so that in addition to affect the economy, it can also have a negative effect on the politics, culture, and social welfare of the target country. Iran has always been under the pressure of many sanctions. Therefore, due to the many sanctions that have been imposed on Iran over the years, the concern of many economists has always been how these sanctions affect Iran's economy. The economic and legal dimensions of sanctions as well as their diversity make it difficult to evaluate the implications related to sanctions on macroeconomic variables.
By examining the studies conducted in the field of financial sanctions and their effects on economic variables, it was found that most of these studies had investigated the effect of sanctions on two or more macro-economic variables, However, in the present study, the most important macroeconomic variables are included in the model and analyzed. Another innovation that distinguishes this research from other studies is the research method used in this research, which has not been used in Iran for the subject under study.
First, the optimal interval of the model is determined using the Hannan-Quinn statistic, then the Bayesian vector regression model is estimated using the optimal interval, and then the effect of financial sanctions on the variables of the model is investigated. In order to create a comparative framework, the results of the Bayesian VAR model are analyzed, and the results of both BVAR and VAR models are compared. It should be noted that Eviews 12 and 16, Excel and Matlab 2021 softwares were are used to estimate the model and analyze the results and form the instantaneous response function.
Findings
After estimating the Bayesian vector auto-regression model with the SSVS prior, the results of the instantaneous response functions are as follows:
The effect of the shock on the variable of fixed investments is negative and decreasing. The effect of the shock on the price index variable of consumer goods and services is positive and increasing. The effect of the shock on the export variable is negative and decreasing. The effect of the shock on the import variable is negative and decreasing. The effect of the shock on the GDP variable is negative and decreasing. The effect of the shock on the variable of overdue loans to the private sector is positive and increasing. The shock effect in the monetary base variable is negative and increasing. The effect of the shock on the country's external debt variable is negative and increasing. The effect of the shock on the variable of the currency market pressure index is negative and increasing.
After estimating the vector auto-regression model, the results of the instantaneous response functions are as follows:
The effect of the shock on the variable of fixed investments is negative and increasing. The effect of the shock in the price index variable of consumer goods and services is negative and increasing. The effect of the shock on the export variable cannot be investigated. The effect of the shock on the import variable cannot be investigated. The effect of the shock on the GDP variable is negative and variable. The effect of the shock on the variable of overdue loans to the private sector is negative and variable. The effect of the shock on the monetary base variable is negative and variable. The effect of the shock on the country's external debt variable is negative and increasing. The effect of the shock on the variable of the currency market pressure index is positive and variable.
As it is clear from the results, the information obtained from the auto-regression vector model is very inaccurate and with high variance, and the reason for this is, as previously stated, the existence of many parameters and the reduction of the degree of freedom of the model, which causes the accuracy to decrease. The estimate as well as the dispersion function becomes instantaneous. But Bayesian models solve this problem by shrinking the model and increase the estimation accuracy. As it is clear from the instantaneous response functions obtained by this method, the graphs have less dispersion and are much closer to the middle line, and also by examining the results, it can be said that the results are consistent with experimental studies and predictions taken is closer.
Discussion and Conclusion
The lack of appropriate quantitative indicators has caused most of the studies related to the investigation of the effects of sanctions to be focused on the explanation of the channels of the impact of the sanctions on the economic environment. Sanctions affect various economic sectors such as trade, investment, employment and economic growth regardless of success or failure in achieving the ultimate goal. Therefore, for accurate policies in these areas, it is necessary to evaluate the exact amount of the effects of sanctions on these sectors based on quantitative models, along with the influence channels.
According to the results of the auto-regression Bayesian vector model with SSVS prior, financial sanctions have a negative effect on the GDP and cause it to decrease. With the decrease in the productive capacity of the economy, fixed investments also decrease. A decrease in economic growth causes a recession. A decrease in private consumption, private investment, and a decrease in economic growth can greatly strengthen the recessionary conditions, therefore, it is recommended that the government, while managing the budget, avoid excessive reductions in construction costs, so that by strengthening the effective demand in the economy, it can bring it out of stagnation.
On the other hand, financial sanctions reduce the country's exports and imports and increase the country's foreign debt. Therefore, it is suggested that the import of luxury goods, which have a high value, should be put on the agenda in the conditions of prohibited sanctions and self-sufficiency in the production of some imported products. Besides, increasing the diversification of export goods can partially compensate for the decrease in exports. In this case, the policy of supporting domestically produced goods and export-oriented goods is recommended.
Since financial sanctions increase the pressure index of the currency market, it is suggested to prevent the entry of luxury goods and to put autarky in the production of these goods. In this regard, the creation of knowledge-based companies and the creation of career guidance and specialized employment offices in universities and the policies of training human resources in the specialties needed by society should be included in the goals of the country's vision.
Dr Leila Torki, Mrs. Vala Sanizadeh,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (Spring 2023 2023)
Volume 23, Issue 1 (Spring 2023 2023)
Abstract
Aim and Introduction:
The choice between interest rate and money supply as the objective of monetary policy has always been a question in economic literature. Based on the results of many economic studies, the interest rate is a more appropriate target. Due to the instability of the demand for money, since the mid-1980s, the money supply has lost its generality, and instead, the use of interest rates has been used.
In Iran's economy, due to the prohibition of using bonds because of their usurious nature and determining the interest rates of bank deposits in a mandatory manner, it has not been possible to use the interest rate as the goal of monetary policy in recent years. In most of the researches, the monetary base growth rate is used as the target of the central bank's monetary policy. This research tries to use dynamic stochastic general equilibrium approach in Iran, to examine the effects of implementing monetary policy through the regulated interbank interest rate and transaction of government debt securities and to compare its effects on the macroeconomic variables with the effects of common monetary policy of the central bank (setting the growth rate of the monetary base through changing the rate legal reserve). Methodology: In this research, a stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model of an open economy has been designed to analyze the effects of different monetary policy regimes on the macro variables of the Iranian economy. This model analyzes the characteristics of the Iranian economy such as the dependency on oil revenues, the persistent budget deficit and the misalignment of central bank's balance sheet. Also, based on the new Keynesian school, price stickiness has been considered in the model by Calvo's method (1983) for domestic, import and export intermediary companies. Results and Discussion: According to the graphs of impulse-response functions, as a result of the positive impulse of the interbank interest rate, the demand of banks for borrowing and the monetary base are reduced. The bank resources are limited, and the facilities granted to the companies are reduced. Due to the stability of the company's demand, as a result of the additional demand for facilities, the interest rate of the facilities will increase. By reducing the facilities granted to companies, the company must hire fewer factors based on optimization due to the higher cost of financing. The demand and wages of household labor will decrease. Due to the decrease in the demand for labor and capital by the company, the non-oil production also decreases. As a result, the inflation rate increases with the decrease in supply. On the other hand, with an increase in the real interest rate based on Euler's relationship and a decrease in household income due to a decrease in wages and employment of labor by companies, consumer spending decreases. Therefore, in response to the decrease in the demand of the whole economy, the price level gradually decreases and the economy returns to equilibrium. Due to the fact that in the model, imports are limited to consumer goods, with the reduction of household consumption expenses, imports also decrease. According to the graphs of the impulse response function, with the increase in the growth rate of the monetary base, the resources available to banks increase, and bank facilities get available to companies in order to cover expenses. The facilities granted to the companies will increase, and due to the constant demand of the company, the cost of financing will decrease by reducing the interest rate of the facilities. As a result of optimization, by reducing the final cost of hiring agents, the company should employ more agents. So, the demand for household labor will increase. By hiring more factors by the company, non-oil production in the economy increases after impulse. Conclusion: The positive impulse of the interest rate of the interbank market (as a contractionary policy of the central bank) has a negative effect on the non-oil production by increasing the cost of financing of companies and reducing the facilities granted. As the supply of the entire economy decreases, the inflation rate also increases after the impulse is applied. The positive momentum of the growth rate of the monetary base (as the central bank's expansionary policy) is expected to increase the lending of banks, and to reduce the interest rate of the facilities, if bank resources increase. By comparing these impulse response functions under the application of each monetary policy regime, it seems that the effect of the impulse of the monetary base growth rate compared to the impulse of the interbank interest rate on the economy disappears in shorter periods. These results are expected due to the fact that the targeting of interbank interest rates has less effect on the macroeconomic variables in Iran due to the restrictions on the issuance of government debt bonds and the implementation of open market operations by the central bank.
Dr Saeed Samadi, Dr Leila Torki, Mrs Sahar Mahdian,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (summer 2024)
Volume 24, Issue 2 (summer 2024)
Abstract
Introduction:
In Islamic financial markets, Sukuk is the most important Islamic financial securities. Sukuk is designed in a way that is compatible with Islamic laws. These characteristics of sukuk have made it an attractive source of capital for issuers outside the Islamic world who seek to access the liquidity provided by Islamic investors. The sukuk instrument is a partial ownership in an asset (lease sukuk) or property interests (benefit sukuk) or participation in a business or project (participation sukuk). Sukuk diversifies investors' portfolios and offers opportunities to invest in new assets, and on the other hand, issuers can benefit from additional liquidity resulting from growing demand among a large number of investors. Institutions and individuals benefit from Sharia compliant investment tools. The main goal of this research is the comparative analysis of the impact of sukuk market development on bank profitability in Islamic and conventional banks.
Methodology:
. In order to achieve the above goal, the information of 15 countries in the Persian Gulf was analyzed in the period from 2014 to 2021. To test the hypotheses of the research, the multivariate regression method was used using the combined data method.
Results and Discussion:
The results of the research showed that the development of the sukuk market increases the profitability of Islamic banks. Also, the results showed that the development of sukuk market has no effect on the profitability of conventional banks. In addition, the results showed that the Covid-19 crisis does not moderate the impact of the development of the sukuk market on the profitability of Islamic and conventional banks.
Conclusion:
In general, it can be said that with the development of the sukuk market, the private sector is increasingly interested in this market, and it is expected that this market will take a large part of the society's liquidity. Financial institutions will also be interested in this market. The sukuk instrument is a partial ownership in an asset (lease sukuk) or property interests (benefit sukuk) or participation in a business or project (participation sukuk). Sukuk diversifies investors' portfolios and offers opportunities to invest in new assets, on the other hand, issuers can benefit from the increased liquidity resulting from the growing demand among a large number of institutional investors. and individuals to benefit from Sharia compliant investment instruments. Therefore, many companies are currently waiting to enter this market due to the greater diversity of the sukuk market compared to traditional bank loans. Sukuk is a financial instrument that allows market participants to obtain a large amount of money and capital from investors, which is possible through the development of a diverse structure of sukuk. Also, according to the presented results, the development of the sukuk market has not played an effective role in the profitability of banks against economic shocks and crises. Therefore, due to the limitations of the research regarding the limited time period and the difficulty of accessing the information related to the variables, one should act cautiously in generalizing the results to the periods before and after the scope of this research
In Islamic financial markets, Sukuk is the most important Islamic financial securities. Sukuk is designed in a way that is compatible with Islamic laws. These characteristics of sukuk have made it an attractive source of capital for issuers outside the Islamic world who seek to access the liquidity provided by Islamic investors. The sukuk instrument is a partial ownership in an asset (lease sukuk) or property interests (benefit sukuk) or participation in a business or project (participation sukuk). Sukuk diversifies investors' portfolios and offers opportunities to invest in new assets, and on the other hand, issuers can benefit from additional liquidity resulting from growing demand among a large number of investors. Institutions and individuals benefit from Sharia compliant investment tools. The main goal of this research is the comparative analysis of the impact of sukuk market development on bank profitability in Islamic and conventional banks.
Methodology:
. In order to achieve the above goal, the information of 15 countries in the Persian Gulf was analyzed in the period from 2014 to 2021. To test the hypotheses of the research, the multivariate regression method was used using the combined data method.
Results and Discussion:
The results of the research showed that the development of the sukuk market increases the profitability of Islamic banks. Also, the results showed that the development of sukuk market has no effect on the profitability of conventional banks. In addition, the results showed that the Covid-19 crisis does not moderate the impact of the development of the sukuk market on the profitability of Islamic and conventional banks.
Conclusion:
In general, it can be said that with the development of the sukuk market, the private sector is increasingly interested in this market, and it is expected that this market will take a large part of the society's liquidity. Financial institutions will also be interested in this market. The sukuk instrument is a partial ownership in an asset (lease sukuk) or property interests (benefit sukuk) or participation in a business or project (participation sukuk). Sukuk diversifies investors' portfolios and offers opportunities to invest in new assets, on the other hand, issuers can benefit from the increased liquidity resulting from the growing demand among a large number of institutional investors. and individuals to benefit from Sharia compliant investment instruments. Therefore, many companies are currently waiting to enter this market due to the greater diversity of the sukuk market compared to traditional bank loans. Sukuk is a financial instrument that allows market participants to obtain a large amount of money and capital from investors, which is possible through the development of a diverse structure of sukuk. Also, according to the presented results, the development of the sukuk market has not played an effective role in the profitability of banks against economic shocks and crises. Therefore, due to the limitations of the research regarding the limited time period and the difficulty of accessing the information related to the variables, one should act cautiously in generalizing the results to the periods before and after the scope of this research
Volume 27, Issue 1 (3-2020)
Abstract
This study is aimed at developing a training model to foster entrepreneurial attitudes among bank employees. Since entrepreneurship education leads to a positive perception of entrepreneurship such as the attitudes of individuals, the present study seeks to enhance entrepreneurial attitudes among bank employees by providing training. This study, by using a qualitative approach based on Grounded theory, was conducted through theoretical sampling and data gathering from among 18 experts in Iranian Bank-e-Tejarat as well as experts in Banking Education and Human Resources. Also, the data were analyzed using interview tools during three common coding steps in the Strauss and Corbin approach. The resulted model proposes, provided that preconditions of entrepreneurship education are at hand, and using a specific educational content, and applying both educational and executive strategies identified in this study that are affected by the executive and macro-level environment, the level of entrepreneurial attitudes in organization improves. This improvement leads to innovations, change in existing services, gaining job skills by employees, new market entries and successful exploitation of opportunities appear for the bank .The major theoretical contribution of this study is to identify training-executive strategies that lead to the creation and strengthening of entrepreneurial attitudes among employees in the banking industry.
Volume 28, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Entrepreneurial attitude of Entrepreneurs are an important component of human capital that acts as a context for decision-making processes and is shaped by individual preferences for independence, risk-taking and the implementation of new ideas, among other aspects that lead to entrepreneurial behaviors. In this research, with focusing on explaining the role of educational programs on entrepreneurial attitude of banking industry employees, we seek to identify the factors influencing those attitudes. This study is applied research and in terms of data collection is descriptive-correlation.The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and Proportional stratified samplingmethod among the employees of Tejarat Bank branches in Tehran. Data analysis was done using the structural equation modeling approach. Cronbach's alpha for all constructs was higher than 0.7, average extracted variance was higher than 0.5, and construct validity and reliability were confirmed. According to the results, training programs in the organization have a positive impact on the entrepreneurial attitude of individuals. The combination of the characteristics of the training team in the organization has the most impact on the entrepreneurial attitude. Therefore, in the banking industry, training programs with strong training teams are expected to achieve better results.
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