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Oxidative Stress is fast becoming the nutritional and medical buzzword for the 21st century, and imPlicated in a growing list of diseases, from cataract to cancer. Oxidative stress occurs when the amount of free radicals in the body exceeds its pool of available antioxidants. Some researches indicate that margarine contain Trans fatty acids as major sources of dietrary free radicals and oxidative Stress. But other researches has been shown that because of supplementation of mairganie with some antioxidant such as alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, vitamin C and specially vitamin E, significantly decreased free radicals and oxidative stress and increased the levels of the supplied antioxidants in plasma. In this study, we examined the effect of The use fortified margarine on oxidative stress markers in young male, rats. To evaluate the margarine effect, 20 wistar rats were divided into 2 groups and selected as control and marganine groups. In second groups margarine were added to their chow as 15% (w/w). After 4 months blood samples were obtained, Then plasma levels of antioxidant, lipid peroxidation and thiol group of its, has been measured. This experiment showed that margarine intake has a positive effect on markers of oxidative stress, and consumption of antioxidant supplied in a full-fat margarine and consumed as a part of normal diet, effectively increases the blood levels of antioxidant and eliminats of free radicals.

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This article discusses the democratization of access to higher education opportunities in Iran. Access to educational opportunities was studied through exploring the scores the national university entrance exams. The main research question was: "How the inequality in access to higher education opportunities is explained?" To solve this problem, we constructed a theoretical model on the basis of capital theory: Access to higher educational opportunities is the function of modernization of parents’ economic and cultural capital. The results showed that cultural capital weight in access to educational opportunities, is more than that of economic capital.

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Religion, philosophy, and language are inseparable and important elements of every culture. Suppose a culture is supposed to be transmitted from one land to another and the target culture is assumed to become sublime due to this transmission. In that case, its components should be transmitted correctly, consciously, and fully observed by the cultural guardians to provide the required contexts for the acceptance, establishment, and growth of rationality and religion in society. Otherwise, a serious conflict occurs between the supporters of the previous culture and the supporters of the imported culture. In his works, al-Fārābī, while explaining the formation of these components in human society and their relationship, explains the way of their transmission and makes a good pathology. According to al-Fārābī, philosophy is created by developing language skills and man's acquisition of syllogism techniques. Philosophy uses religion to establish laws in society and guide people towards happiness.
 

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In E-commerce and wireless communication technologies, location-based services are one of the most valuable processes. Using this services in the banking industry, in addition to providing customized banking services to customers, will bring infinite benefits for banks. However, due to the new emergence of this technology and possible obstacles ahead, it is essential to be paid to the issue of acceptance of this services in the banking industry. The aim of this study is presenting a model for acceptance of location-based services to Iranian banks. For this purpose, according to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, a comprehensive model has been developed to identify effective factors on the acceptance of location-based services in Iranian banks and has been tested utilizes structural equation modeling, in the community of banks customers in Tehran. After analyzing the results, the main research hypotheses were confirmed and the effective factors on acceptance of location-based services in Iranian banks, including performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influences, privacy concerns, confidence, perceived risk, and willingness to innovation. According to the findings, gender and age is not involved in the acceptance of the banking location-based services, but the educational degree is effective on intend to use this services.

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The Iranian folk culture originates from ancient time so that Iran can be considered the origin of ancient rituals and beliefs. Kermānshāh province is one of the regions rich in cultural heritage. Therefore, the beliefs of its inhabitants may well reflect the folk culture of this region. In the same vein, as an important element of folk culture and literature, the crystallization of this rich culture in these deeds is highly important and remarkable. By adopting a descriptive-analytical research methodology, the current research investigated the attributes of folk culture and literature in five deeds of Qājār Era in Kermānshāh Province. The results indicate that these texts are the best indicator to observe people's thoughts during Qājār period and can be clearly seen in the reflections of folk culture and literature. The expressions of professions, instruments, weight and quantity, titles, curse and prayer, measurement and religious rituals are among the material and spiritual elements that have been analyzed, identified and investigated in these deeds.
 

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This study is concerned with a correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties of 42CrMo4 steel which was subjected quenched-tempered and step-quenching heat treatment. Quench tempering and step quenching heat treatment produced a tempered martensite and an equiaxed Ferrite-Bainite-Martensite (F-B-M) microstructure, respectively. Tensile test results indicated a yield drop effect in F-B-M microstructure with ferritic matrix. This effect was not observed on the specimens with tempered martensite and F-B-M microstructure with hard phase B-M matrix. This effect can be attributed to dislocation generation in ferrite phase during bainitic and martensitic transformations. Fractographic investigations indicated intergranular cleavage in F-B-M microstructure and micro-void coalescence in tempered martensite microstructure can be attributed to carbide formation in martensitic structure during tempering micro-void coalescence in tempered martensite microstructure

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The current research investigates the role of Action in “Ahle Gharq”- the novel by Moniro Ravanipour. In this respect the authors tries to show how the cognitive process engages in producing value and meaning which is influential in manipulating the reader’s mind. The results of the research suggest that an innovative discourse, due to the influence of the parameters of magical realism, could lead the reader to expect a central discourse; belief in the conditions governing the creation of the object of value compels the subject to act and induces a central discourse. Throughout the process of conjunction and disjunction from the object of value and in order to remedy the loss of meaning that is happiness and the fulfillment of happiness what changes the negative status of actantial regime of discourse into affirmative one and vice versa. Sometimes the disjunction of the object of value and the temporal transformation changes the value of the components of the changing conditions from disorganized to organize during the action-oriented discourse, and changes the prescriptive regime of action that was at the beginning of history to the virtual regime of action. The psychoanalyst has created the contractual process of action between the actors and the actant to reach the object of value and identify the actor of his position and detach himself from the object of value in an induction operation to provide the main action of the discourse and to provide a semiotic analysis of the so- called novel narrative.
 

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Cognitive linguists believe that human perception is inherently metaphorical. They assign metaphor to the realm of thought, over and beyond the realm of language. In contemporary theory, metaphor refers to conceptualization of complex and intangible mental phenomena through tangible and sensory human experiences. The significance of the concept of "heart" (del) lies in its indeterminacy and transcendence in language and literature, especially mysticism. This word implies a wide range of meanings. Therefore, studying its metaphorical processing techniques is essential in identifying Sana'i's emotions and thought system. This study seeks to identify the poet's thought system and the resulting mental and expressive subtleties through analysis of tools and techniques used for rendition of "heart" sensible in Sana'i's thought within the framework of cognitive theory and its conceptualization functions. The results show that the most frequent metaphorical use of heart in the poet's work is concerned with ontology, and the most remarkable concerned with objectification, which indicate the influence of primary subjective and subconscious collective experiences on the poet's mind in his understanding of "heart". The most significant semantic function of del in Sana'i divan is implying emotional concepts, best manifested in love, grief, and joy. Other semantic functions of del include ethical concepts (patience, nafs, and worldliness), the place of manifestation of haq, thoughtfulness and knowledge, and confidentiality.
 

In the late decades of the 20th century, advances in cognitive linguistics gave rise to introduction of metaphor with new identity and function. From a cognitive perspective, metaphor is considered a device for comprehending ambiguous and unfamiliar phenomena by employing concrete phenomena around us. The grandeur of mystical meanings and experiences is so impressive that can be only perceived under the guise of metaphor.  In mysticism, “heart” always has been considered one of  the striking concepts which has a wide range of semantic functions. In both source and target domain,  it plays a critical role in creation of cognitive metaphors. To be specific, the concept of “heart” is one of the most essential phenomena for expressing mystical meanings; it is considered as a source of emotions, ethics and different mystical states. Thus, investigating its cognitive function in the Divan of the founder of mystical poems, namely Sanaei, may lead to identifying its aestheticizing tools and conceptual functions. Due to its breadth and profundity,   Sanaei has made determining and important uses of metaphorical devices to visualize the concept of “heart”. Because of the importance of the concept of “heart”, the present study is going to answer the following questions: To what extent and in which cognitive metaphors have the visualizing tools of heart used in Sanaei`s Divan? What are semantic functions of metaphorical usage of heart as a source domain?  What is the frequency of metaphorical usage of heart in Sanaei`s Divan?
 
2.Literature Review
In recent years, cognitive theory of metaphor has created new perspectives in literature. Some researches have been conducted on metaphorical use of heart. Ghaderi Najafabadi & Tavangar (2013) analyzed the metaphorical usage of heart and reported that heart is a perfect example of conveying emotions such as love or grief. Mazepova (2013) compared heart metaphor in Persian and Ukrainian literature and reported that there are some similarities between Persian and Ukrainian language systems regarding metaphorical usage of heart.
It is important to analyze the metaphorical concept of “heart” within a cognitive theoretical framework since it creates a new perspective for the poet`s mind system. To the best of
Researchers' knowledge, no research has been conducted on this topic.   
 

By applying descriptive-analytic method and library resources, the current study aim to explain the techniques of visualization of “heart” and express its semantic functions. As a result, mental subtleties, hidden layers of the mind and stylistic nuances of the poet will be identified.
 

The research findings reveal that Sanaei has mostly visualized “heart” through ontological metaphors. In this field, the conceptual domain of objectification is considered as the most striking ontological metaphor. Orientational metaphors which refer to inner situations is of high frequency. Inner situation has a key role since it convey a wide range of concepts such as love, grief, patience, happiness, wisdom, inner inspiration and secrets. Concepts like cruelty and hardness, impenetrability, affinity and dependence, decay, withering state and sorrow were conveyed through natural elements and tools of structural metaphors. The most effective semantic role of  the heart is distinguishing emotional concepts (like love, kindness, happiness, sadness, aspiration, hope, peace, restlessness, regret, fear). Other semantic roles of heart identify concepts of ethics like the place of the presence of God, thinking, sagacity and the place of secrets. As it is viewed, the effect of the mystical principles refers to the heart as the place of love. Celestial concepts consider it as the place of manifestation of God. The ancients believe that thinking, wisdom and sometimes secrecy were common characteristics of soft-hearted and pious people.
 

The current study examined cognitive functions of heart based on Lakoff & Johnson`s three categorization of structural, ontological and orientational metaphor. Sanaei`s mind selected orientational metaphor as the most prominent tools for visualization of the concept of heart. The conceptual functions of “heart” in conveying various extrasensory concepts like desires, inner feelings, personality, secrecy, thought foundations and the place of God were also explored. In the field of emotional states, the semantic function of the heart was of the highest frequency. Ghaderi Najafabadi & Tavangar (2013) examined only conceptual functions and considered heart as a perfect symbol of conveying emotional concepts.
 
6.Conclusion
In contemporary theory, metaphor refers to conceptualization of complex and intangible mental phenomena through tangible and sensory human experiences. This word implies a wide range of meanings. Therefore, studying its metaphorical processing techniques is essential in identifying Sinai's emotions and thought systemExamining the word heart in Sanaei`s Divan revealed that Sanaei has predominantly applied cognitive metaphors to personify the word heart as both source and target domain.

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In this paper, thermal effect on deflection, critical buckling load and vibration of nonlocal Euler-Bernoulli beam on Pasternak foundation using Ritz method is proposed. Equations of motion Euler-Bernoulli beam on Pasternak elastic foundation under thermal load is achieved by using energy method. Ritz method is used to solve the governing equations of motion. By this method, mass, stiffness and hardness buckling matrices are obtained. In this study, the effects of thermal, various boundary conditions, Winkler-type spring constant, Pasternak-type shear constant, non-local parameter on dimensionless deflection, critical buckling load, and natural frequency of Euler-Bernoulli beam theory are assessed. The obtained results indicate that with an increase of Winkler and Pasternak constants, the dimensionless natural frequency and critical buckling load increase, while the dimensionless deflection decreases. However, with increasing the temperature change in nonlocal Euler-Bernoulli beam on Winkler–Pasternak elastic foundation, the dimensionless natural frequency and critical buckling load decrease, while the dimensionless deflection increases. Moreover, with considering Winkler and Pasternak constants, the lower mode shape are removed and replaced with higher mode shapes.

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The advent of meaning follows cognitive functions in active discourses of exteroception, enteroception, and Physical sense and perception in discourse. Accordingly, intellectual and perceptual-cognitive dimensions, which lead to the advent of meaning by cognitive functions, emotion and perception, have a significant role in creating and continuing meaning. These functions are considered effective to understand and perceive the meaning of signs and continuation of discourse. The current study aims to explain the techniques of meaning continuation and the interaction of sings and meaning in the novel to the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf.  Applying a descriptive-analytical approach, the present study aims to figure out the techniques of meaning continuation in the aforesaid novel according to functions of cognitive, sensory-perceptual, emotional, and aesthetic discourse. The findings reveal that the techniques like the angle of view in cognitive dimension, sensory-visual in emotion demission and external perception, object-perception in emotional dimension, and the relationship between time and aesthetic discourse have created some signs whose interaction gets meanings continued through the discourses of to the lighthouse.

1. Introduction
Signs, in the breadth of narratives and within unique discourses, can reconstruct and transform the experiences of characters from various angles, thus contributing to the continuity of meaning. The discovery patterns of these signs in interaction with meaning in the narrative process result in the reconstruction and continuity of meaning. "The generative grammar model, originating from the studies of Vladimir Propp, is a dynamic model that illustrates the process of meaning renewal in a story. Based on this, it can be said that grammar successfully establishes a narrative discourse system or, in other words, standard semiotics" (Grami, 1987, translated by Shairi, 1389; 5). Therefore, meaning is not examined as a separate entity but is explored generatively throughout the narrative and story. Coexistence, parallelism, mutual divergence, transformation, and challenging of signs in interaction with each other in a generative process lead to the continuity of meaning. Based on this, signs always interpret meaning, and meaning manifests in signs.

2. Literature Review
The present research aims to elucidate the patterns of continuity of meaning and the interaction between signs and meaning in Virginia Woolf's novel "To the Lighthouse" using a descriptive-analytical approach. It seeks to answer which functions cognitive, sensory-perceptual, emotional, and aesthetic discourse serve in the studied novel and how they contribute to the continuity of discourse meaning.

3. Methodology
This research demonstrates that meaning is reproduced and sustained in shared yet different experiences of characters. Signs expand discourses in a dynamic chain of interaction with meaning, creating complex discourses by crossing temporal-spatial components from the mother's (initial) situation, which transform with aesthetic understanding governing discourse into a new positive situation, changing the discourse for movement towards a new positive situation. The dominant perspective in this narrative is the fluidity of the mind's stream. Woolf selects her subjects and gives direction to them, and this directionality connects her view with signs. Woolf's perspective promotes the diversity in creating different signs from one character to another, as if they all align in one direction but give meaning independently through different mental streams.

4. Results
Woolf broadens linguistic uses within various semantic ranges and, by creating understanding in narrative agents and comprehending the emotions and affections of characters, brings about the presence of the story's prominent figure (Mrs. Ramsay) in the discourse of different sign-semiotics functions. The clarity of the lighthouse's meaning, through the signs of maturity in the character of Lily, is continuously woven into the experiences of the two central female characters, granting a new lease of life to the different experiences of the story's central axis. Understanding meaning in the personal thoughts of characters and creating different codes for children and adults in the narrative process shows that various interactions in various social contexts do not limit and restrict the display of meaning in discourse. Instead, the narrative can impact the reconstruction of meaning solely in the hands of the interpreter beyond the recipient's interpretation. The research findings reveal that the continuity of meaning in the novel "To the Lighthouse" is subject to the cognitive, sensory-perceptual, emotional, and aesthetic functions in the cognitive dimension, the sensory-visual dimension, the physical-perceptual dimension, and the emotional discourse, and the relationship between time and aesthetics leads to the extraction of signs that, in interaction with each other, contribute to the continuity of meaning in the narrative.
 

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One of the most applicable methods to study the mechanical behavior of reinforced polymers with CNTs is modeling of representative volume element (RVE). It has been shown that the mechanical behavior of RVE depends on its ingredients mechanical properties and its geometrical parameters. In this research, a RVE which includes a CNT and its surrounding polymer is chosen as a rectangular cube. In this research, effects of the length and depth of the RVE, the length of the CNT and the CNT caps on the elastic behavior of the RVE have been studied. Furthermore, the effect of the volume fraction of CNTs is also considered. First, an analytical solution has been developed to predict the elastic modulus of the RVE. Then, using a finite element method, the elastic behavior of the RVE is modeled. The analytical and numerical results show that at a constant volume fraction of the CNT, variation of each material and geometrical parameters can affect the longitudinal elastic modulus of the RVE significantly. However, it has been shown that the transverse elastic modulus of RVE is not sensitive to the geometrical parameters variations. Finally, using a combination of the Halpin-Tsai micromechanical model and the present analytical solution, a proper aspect ratio of the RVE for each volume fraction of the CNT has been determined and suggested.

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Recently shear thickening fluids (STF) are applied more and more to improve the penetration resistance of fabrics. In this research, at first, the performance of the neat and STF impregnated fabric subjected to the impact of 8.7 mm diameter steel spherical projectile is investigated experimentally. Then, the numerical analysis is done to study the effective parameters such as fabric density, static and dynamic coefficients of friction between yarns and between projectile and fabric, boundary conditions and number of layers of fabric by using commercial tool LS-DYNA software. Previous studies expressed that the major factor that improves the energy absorption capacity of STF impregnated fabrics is the friction between the impact projectile, fabric, and yarns within the fabric, however here the investigations showed that in addition to the friction, the mass of added STF is effective in the results. Increasing the mass of the fabric by adding STF, is considered as the increasing density of the fabric. Empirical investigations showed that STF-impregnated fabrics exhibited a significant enhancement in penetration resistance performance as compared to neat fabric such that the projectile penetration subjected to the fabric with 44% wt STF decreased 63% compared to neat fabric. The simulation results showed that, if the STF effects just assign to increased friction, the projectile penetration decreased 43% compared to neat fabric. But if in addition to friction, the mass of the STF is considered as the effective parameter, the penetration decreased 58% which have good agreement with experimental data.

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In this paper, we try to analyze the impacts of targeted subsidies plan and socioeconomic variables on demand for residential water of Iranian urban households. For this purpose, we use pooled data of 146729 urban households during 2007-2014 and estimate an Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model using Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR).  The results show that targeted subsidies plan has no significant effect on demand for urban residential water. The price and income elasticity’s of demand for residential water were estimated by -0.94 and 0.64, respectively. We also show that the household size and gender of household’s head are of positive and significant effects on residential water consumption, while literacy rate of household’s head and use of cloth washing machine affect negatively the demand for water. In addition, using dishwashing machine and size of household’s dwelling have no significant effects on residential water consumption.

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Garlic( Allium Satirum L) is one of the most important agricultural products in Iran and one of the major sources of foreign exchange for the country. Due to the high waste in this product to maintain, increase shelf life, and keep its quality, it is necessary to use appropriate storage methods such as drying. In this study, a thin layer of garlic slices was dried at 50, 60, 70 ° C, and in two types of dryers (vacuum and hot air). The most suitable model was developed to describe the drying kinetics of garlic flakes as a thin layer in the temperature range and type of dryer used. Effective moisture penetration coefficient, amount of activation energy, shrinkage, water reabsorption of garlic samples were measured during the drying process. in the present study, by examining 9 different experimental models and calculating the statistical criteria of R2, RMSE, x2 between the experimental data and the results predicted by each model, the most appropriate model describing the drying kinetics of garlic thin slices was the Page model. The results showed that the effective diffusion coefficient of garlic leaf moisture for different temperatures and in two types of dryers was in the range of  1.5* 10^-9 to 6.6 * 10 ^-9 m2/s. Changes in the moisture diffusion coefficient were described as a function of drying air temperature with Arrhenius and the amount of activation energy was calculated between 14.673 and 53.175 kJ / mol. The results also showed that the shrinkage of the product was not dependent on air temperature and the type of dryer and the water re-absorption capacity of garlic samples increased slightly by decreasing their moisture content.

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Aloe vera-limonene coating in combination with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) have been used to improve quality attributes of cucumber. Samples were coated with Aloe vera-limonene solution (10%+3% V/V) and packed with two gaseous conditions:  A (21% O₂, macro-perforated), B (10% O₂ + 5% CO₂, active MAP); they were stored at two temperatures (20, and 4 °C). Postharvest properties of cucumber such as gas analysis, weight loss, firmness, pH, total soluble solids, chlorophyll content, fungal growth, and organoleptic properties were determined. Interactive effects of coating, package, temperature, and storage period showed that the Aloe vera coating and the MAP significantly improved quality parameters of cucumbers. However, using active MAP at higher temperature (20°C) led to quality problems and is just feasible in shorter storage period. Combined usage of active MAP and Aloe vera-based coating on cucumber suggest an efficient procedure as an alternative of traditional ones for commercial application.

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Todays researches on products that have health effects are growing. Food product that widely have consumed are a good tool for nutrients sources. Among these products biscuits have potential of enrichment. Biscuit is one of the products widely consumed worldwide due to its good taste, Easy to use and reasonable price. The aim of biscuit enrichment is to reach a product that is widely accepted by consumers and target groups who need it most. There are three aspects to biscuit enrichment: Biscuit enriched with vitamin, fiber, protein. Many protein sources have been studied for this purpose, including various flours, protein concentrates, protein isolates and hydrolyzed proteins. In this study we attempted to investigate the research on protein-enriched biscuits. The addition of protein whether in the form of (very common) composite flour or protein concentrate, hydrolyzed protein or hydrolyzed proteins, affect the technological characteristics and dough behavior in finished product and in general, it leads to a weaker dough, changing its viscosity, because the gluten proteins and the starch are diluted

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Mechanical injuries in to the tissue of ready-to-eat fresh-cut ​​lettuce usually cause stresses which leads to increasing respiration rate. The shelf life of this product depends on the processing and packaging steps, the type of packaging film and the environmental conditions during storage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage time, storage temperature, immersion pretreatment and the number of perforations of packing film on the crispness coefficient and sensory evaluation (total acceptance) of fresh-cut packaged lettuce stored under modified atmospheric condition and also development of shelf-life kinetic model of this product. For this purpose, 250 g of the lettuce strips were washed and immersed into two different concentrations (1.5/0.5 and 1.5/0.1) of CaL/Cys, then packed and sealed in low-density polyethylene packaging films (LDPE, 42 μm thickness) with no perforation (N-MAP: 21% O2, 0% CO2) and 20 and 40 perforations per m², respectively. The study was carried out at two temperatures of 5 and 10 °C, for a storage time of 12 days. Indices of quality maintenance, i.e., crispness coefficient and sensory evaluation (total acceptance) were investigated. Furthermore, a mathematical model was developed to describe the kinetics of changes in crispness coefficient and sensory evaluation. Then, the shelf life of the samples was predicted based on sensory evaluation. The results showed that changes in selected targeted parameters could be best described by a zero-order. The prediction of shelf life of fresh-cut lettuce samples showed that samples treated with 1.5%CaL/0.1% Cys packed in 20-PM-MAP, stored at 5°C and 10 °C and samples treated with 1.5%CaL/0.5% Cys packed in 20-PM-MAP stored at 5°C, had a shelf life of 12.62, 12.59 and 11.59 days (with no significant difference at p < 0.05), respectively.
 

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