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Abstract The fertility goddesses are the female deities to watch over and promote productivity, pregnancy and birth in many polytheistic cultures. Although it’s not easy to find exact usage of prehistoric objects, but using historical myths and folkloric tales, we can mention following functions for fertility statues: 1. Native goddess incarnation; that usually is an earth mother or water deity and in relation with love, fertility and productivity. 2. To apply in earth, human and animal fertility ceremonies; puberty rites, sterile women improvement and to ease parturition. 3. Mother symbol; for set in children tombs that a company them in after - death journey. This article tries to survey fertility goddesses in Mesopotamia and Middle East, Anatolia, Mediterranean, prehistoric Europe, Aegean Sea and Greece, Rome, Scandinavia, Ireland, Africa, Egypt, India, China, Japan, continent America and Northern regions.

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Uncoated fish burgers were produced in order to expand the variety of products from Silver carp, Hypophthalmichthies molitrix ,and increase the consumption of this fish species. On the other hand in order to compare the effect of ascorbic acid and vacuum packaging on rancidity inhibition and microbial quality, 3 different treatments of fish burger were produced: 1. Burger with common packaging (Control group), 2. Burger with vacuum packaging 3. Burger with 500 ppm ascorbic acid in common packaging. All the treatments were stored in -18 ºC for 6 months after freezing by a spiral freezer in -35 ºC. Chemical, microbiological and sensory evaluations were determined from time 0 and after that monthly until the 6^th month. The TVB-N value increased during the storage period but it never passed out of the standard range. The TBA value increased in all treatments but in ascorbic acid treatment it was significantly lower than the other two groups. The pH amounts during storage period decreased in all treatments homogeneously. Microbial counts in all treatments and especially in vacuum packed burgers decreased during the storage period. Organoleptic test demonstrated the preference of burgers treated by ascorbic acid. The shelf life of control group and burgers with vacuum packaging was determined 3 months at least. The shelf life of treated burgers with ascorbic acid was determined about 6 months specially based on the TBA index and sensory evaluation. Vacuum packaging was more effective to protect burgers of chemical and microbial changes compared to common packaging.

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Chivalry and agility that is also translated as "generosity" have been very important phenomenon in the social history of Iran and surrounding countries and is a spiritual way of life that seems to have its roots in pre-Islamic Iran. They are divided into different categories that are called as ‘caliber’ and ‘brat’ in Persian and Arabic literature, respectively. Caliber was a group that had made ethics and campaign-specific career choice and self-indulgence and brat also defined as impoverished with no money, on the other hand people who had no interest in wealth and joined that house because of poverty and social imbalance. This study relying on comparative literature of American schools that merely doesn’t see the criteria existence of affect and affected attempt to make a comparative study of these two emerging fields within the common social and ethical implications. It seems that the main reason behind the formation of each of two groups was lack of community-based justice and social harmony. The most common social and moral characteristics of the two groups are: clemency; patience in the face of adversity, courage, generosity, support for the poor; combat skills including shooting, fighting, theft and robbery. This article also refers to common moral and social characteristics and examines the reasons behind the rise of the two groups.    

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Nowadays, knowledge is one of the most important organizational assets; therefore effective management and employing of this asset has vital role in the organizational success. The present research identifies knowledge sharing barriers in the Isfahan Oil Refining Company and analyzes these barriers to create a suitable context for the implementation of knowledge management and to facilitate movement of the organization into the learning organization. This study is applied and qualitative-phenomenology. The research population includes official employees of Isfahan Oil Refining Company’s operational unit with at least one year of work experience.The data are collected by semi-structured Interview with 24 of the employees who have been selected by purposeful sampling. Also, the Colizzi’s seven- step method for information analysis is employed. Results indicate that the knowledge sharing barriers include individual, organizational, cultural and technologic barriers .Finally solutions for removing these barriers to the managers of the organization are presented.

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Background: Trichomoniasis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted human disease that is caused by protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Metronidazole is the selective drug in trichomoniasis treatment. However, the reported cases show an increasing trend of drug resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mango and blueberry extracts on T. vaginalis.
Materials and Methods: T. vaginalis was cultured axenically in TYM (Trypticase Yeast Extract) medium supplemented with 10% bovine serum. The effect of mango and blueberry extracts at 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 μg.mL^-1 on T. vaginalis was studied after 24 and 48 hours. The final numbers of parasite with a hemocytometer and Trypan blue were recorded. Then the value of IC₅₀ [Half maximal inhibitory concentration] and the lethal percent were calculated. In the present study, the metronidazole was used as positive control. The IC₅₀ value of metronidazole and tinidazole were calculated in the concentrations of 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16 and 0.32 μg.mL^-1.
Results: The final results confirmed the significant effect of all mango and blueberry extracts concentrations on the reduction of parasite numbers (P-value<0.05(. The extract concentrations of 1000 μg.mL^-1 had the most significant effect on T. vaginalis growth inhibition after 24 hours. The IC₅₀ values of mango and blueberry extracts, metronidazole, and tinidazole were calculated as 118.3, 60.74, 0.042 and 0.02 μg.ml^-1 respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the different concentrations of mango and blueberry extracts have significant anti  Trichomonas vaginalis activities. It is suggested  carrying out further studies on suitable animal models.

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Iraq's geographical location is such that many seasonal and permanent rivers of the surrounding countries flow into it. Iraq itself lacks sufficient sustainable water resources to meet its development and infrastructure needs. Hence, the future of Iraq's security and development depends on the hydropolitical approach of the surrounding countries. Over the past decade and a half, Iran has controlled the outflow of water from the western borders of the country as part of a plan to organize and develop water and soil resources in the west of the country, which has reflected on the volume of water entering Iraq have been. The present article is of a practical nature, the methodology of descriptive- analytical text and data- based theory method is used and the required input is used by the library method and the use of data-based theory is based on the hypothesis that hydropolitics is policy-oriented. Iraqi foreigners will be more reflected in their interaction with the Islamic Republic of Iran. The results showed that with regard to the increasing limitation of water resources, increasing water consumption and reducing the inflow of Iranian border rivers to Iraq, which is associated with a threat to part of the country's water and food security, hydropolitics in the form of tension in the direction of Iraq's foreign policy in dealing with the Islamic Republic of Iran will be more reflected.

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Aims: Urban space is one of the main places for people's social interactions, which includes squares, streets, accesses, etc. these spaces require a comprehensive design that means comfortable and easy to use for all people with physical and mobility limitations. A significant part of the citizens are people with disabilities, so special attention should be paid to addressing their needs and problems in the city. People with disabilities include Persons with physical, mental, sensory, and internal disabilities, pregnant women, children, and the elderlyIn this regard, the purpose of this article is to identify the physical problems of people with disabilities in the study area and evaluate them for the presence of people with disabilities.

Methods: after recognizing the current situation by studying library resources, by conducting a field survey, it has been analyzed by SWOT method and Wizard scenario. After prioritizing the developed strategies, executive solutions have been designed. 

Finding and Conclusion: The results obtained from this study show that one of the most aim problems in the target axis is the lack of adaptation of furniture for the use of people with disabilities, lack of proper flooring, lack of adaptation of transportation stations. Appeared. Also, performing solutions such as adapting service uses, adapting transportation stations, standard flooring for all types of low-power groups, locating suitable urban furniture, designing urban furniture for the use of all citizens, and creating sensory and audio panels to adapt spaces. A city helps for the presence of people with disabilities.

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Background: The issue of airport noise pollution is of paramount importance to communities in the vicinity of airports.
Materials and Methods: The potential effects of aircraft noise at the Imam Khomeini International Airport (Iran) was investigated by employing remote sensing and the geographic information system (GIS) in conjunction with an optimization algorithm integrated with CadnaA software. CadnaA is a computer model used to develop noise exposure maps (NEMs) to determine how noise affects a specific area. The results of aircraft noise modeling with this software for three scenarios (in 2015, 2025 and 2035) are provided in the NEMs. A georeferenced GIS database was built in Envi software comprising topography and land use data, the results of the CadnaA model and project data. These maps were overlaid. Face-to-face interviews were carried out by canvassing door-to-door in the permitted survey sites near IKIA and by structural modeling of the questionnaire estimates using AMOS.7 software.
Results: The results showed that the CadnaA model well simulated and predicted noise changes in different scenarios. The results of the map overlay indicate the compatibility of existing land use around the IKIA airport with noise levels and provided alerts against the development of residential areas in the near future.
Conclusions: The results of the questionnaires indicate a high L_DEN correlation coefficient and irritation levels from aircraft noise. Urban development around the airport as well as an increase in the number of flights and runways at IKIA should be carefully studied.

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Problem:One of the most important elements of urban spaces is urban furniture, which has special importance for citizens.Urban furniture,in addition to providing services to citizens,makes them feel comfortable in urban spaces, and by strengthening the level of satisfaction,it can lead to more interaction with other citizens.Aims:Considering the importance of observing standards in the design of urban furniture and the lack of attention to this issue in Iran, the main goal is to investigate the considerations and criteria for designing urban furniture in urban spaces.Methodology:After conducting documentary studies, first,different definitions of urban furniture were examined,then its classification in the world and Iran and its criteria were studied.Findings:The results of this research show that urban furniture design can be examined in three dimensions:1-Grammatical dimensions: this dimension examines the system and structure of signs,2-Functional dimensions:it analyzes the relationship between a sign and its user and 3-Semantic dimensions:it deals with the study of meaning, change of meaning, and principles governing the relationships between sentences and words and their meaning.Also,It can be said that in terms of how to pay attention to design considerations and criteria, there can be two modes;1-Standard-oriented and uniform design, in which all considerations and criteria are taken into account in the design process and 2-The design of a case that is based on special conditions and based on the location and platform of the furniture and by observing the appropriate considerations and criteria,the subject of creativity,styles,and artistic theories can find more expression and strength in this category of furniture.

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Research subject: Solar energy is a renewable resource that is abundant and can solve many problems of energy shortage. In order to use solar energy to desalinate water and produce high quality steam, one of the cheap and commercially proposed structures is floating solar steam generation system. In this system, water is transferred to the surface of the system in a controlled manner and is converted to steam using the heat generated in the photothermal layer. There are generally four main challenges in solar steam generation systems. These challenges include managing and preventing heat loss, structural strength, managing and transferring water within the structure, absorbing light and converting light into heat.
Research approach: In this paper, floating multilayer solar steam generation systems were fabricated in which porous polyurethane foam was used as the substrate and thermal insulation layer. Moreover, felt was used as the water-transfer layer. Photothermal materials including graphite, gold, and mixtures of graphite and gold were used as the light-absorbing layers to produce high-quality steam. Also, in order to determine the water evaporation rate and the efficiency of the systems, the amount of changes in water mass and system temperature has been measured.
Main results: Among the different solar steam generation systems studied, the system made of graphite-gold mixture absorber is able to produce steam at a rate of 1.257 kg.m^-2.h^-1. This rate is equivalent to an efficiency of about 82%. To evaluate the performance of the systems in more real situation, they were tested using seawater. As resulted, the rate of evaporation of seawater by the graphite-gold mixture system is 1.201 Kg.m^-2.h^-1 and its efficiency is 78.4%.

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Research Subject: Because of the constant deterioration of environmental conditions, the world faces energy and clean water shortage. To address the water crisis issue, the solar steam generation system has been considered as a suitable technology for seawater desalination due to its competitive features, such as no carbon dioxide emission, low energy consumption, and high efficiency. In modern solar steam generation systems, solar energy is harvested by a photothermal absorber and then converted into thermal energy to heat a certain volume of water and produce steam. Then, the generated steam condenses on the inner surface of the cover, and clean water is collected. The five key features required for solar steam generation system are: high light absorption, low heat losses and heat localization, proper water transfer, and the ability to float on the water surface.
Research Methods: In this study, a solar steam generation system based on a graphite absorber layer is built, and its performance is improved using nickel plasmonic nanoparticles.
In order to investigate the dependency of the performance on the structure, two different layers including cotton and polyester felts are used to transfer water controllable. In this study, the water evaporation rate, surface temperature, and efficiency of the devices are evaluated.
Main Results: Thermal efficiency and evaporation rate for the system based on the pure graphite absorber is 68.17% and 0.97 kg/m².h, which increases to 93.57% and 1.37 kg/m².h, respectively by adding nickel nanoparticles. Using two cotton and PS water managers reveals the importance of the thermal energy and mass transfer balancing in the systems, which strongly affects the devices performance.

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In recent years, following the re-introduction of the importance of public spaces and the urban life, facing has gained importance again. Some of the main goals of the facade are: beautiful appearance of buildings, saving energy in different seasons, the protection, prevent premature aging. Each building in the complex view of the city, where the streets or fields, and the effect on the walled city. Since the beginning of the 1980s, a range of materials, design and construction of buildings more efficient and more productive every day is a new innovation . Sustainable urban development does not mean the sustainable development of each of the subsystems of the economic, social, environmental or alone, and is not meant to increase the stability of these subsystems But tries to economic growth, restoration of ecologicaland balance environmental protection and social progress and the difficulties of these challenges, it has become a focus of research around the world . Therefore, sustainable development is a process that aims to create a city. It is in accordance with basic human needs in terms of performance, place the present and future generations for life. On of the factor in sustainable urban development proposed building facade materials placed on the sustainability of materials used in the facade facing particularly compatible with the environment . Sustainable design features with Three principles of strength, beauty and benefits of sustainable facade principles .the aim of valuing the three principles, the strength and resistance means at least three natural disasters and abnormal destruction ,Sustainability means the reuse of other building,Beauty and meaning consistent with the spirit of the people has been raised.But Today, most materials used in building facades, appear only at the economic objective, and made without any regard for the environment placed and There is no criteria set for facade design and materials used in accordance with the concepts of sustainable development. So The production and use of these materials in the long term lead to the end unconsciously renewable resources and pollution of the atmosphere. Given the importance of protecting the environment from harmful effects of the introduction of the concept of sustainable development should be the solution to the use of man-made materials. Since it had been less to the issue of sustainable facade materials and amount of energy used affected by building is its facade, In this article we try to learn about the formation of materials in the process of harvesting(Construction, installation, operation, maintenance), production(Extraction, processing, packaging, transportation) and installation(Recycling, reuse) of energy consumption in buildings that are in each of the steps learned.and then introduce factors are important in good quality materials, Factors such as compatible with nature, Longer Life, low energy consumption, Important characteristics of sustainable materials is:reduce energy efficiency,use of natural materials,embodied energy The embodied energy of a material refers to the total energy required to produce that material, including the collection of raw materials. This includes the energy of the fuel used to power the harvesting or mining equipment, the processing equipment, and the transportation devices that move raw material to a processing facility. This energy typically comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which are a limited, non-renewable resource. The combustion of fossil fuels also has severe environmental consequences, from localized smog to acid rain. The greater a material’s embodied energy, the greater the amount of energy required to produce it, implying more severe ecological consequences. For example, the processing of wood (harvested in a sustainable fashion) involves far less energy and releases less pollution than the processing of iron, which must be extracted from mined ores.
Reduction of Construction Waste , Local Materials , Renewable Energy Systems, Reusability, recycled content, and also the use of nano-materials thatChanges in the shape and nature, can not multifunctional and create spaces with different user. Nano-materials and nano-coatings environmental compatibility feature, the field of nano and green architecture provides link and Nano buildings need no energy because coatings and new materials also have the capability to meet the needs of energy and insulation with very low thickness and performance much more waste heat reach zero. Smart materials are materials that can function intelligently in the face of changes in the environment such as your living organisms adapt to environmental conditions The most important smart materials in the construction industry can be smart to use concrete and glass buildings noted . Taking advantage of this element can reduce the negative environmental impacts and the approach of society towards the sustainability criteria, and the study of this type of material is sustainable development. Key Building Materials and Sources are: Limestone,Steel,Aluminium,Bricks and Tile,Petrochemicals,Wood.each of Each of these materials in the trilogy should have been told, are in accordance with sustainability criteria.
For evaluating and calculate the amount of energy that affect the building facade materials, we have a special software calculates the building energy use.In this application, city, season, number of days, hours and facade material is selected, then the program will calculate the amount of energy per month pays and delivers graphically.
In this article with Ecotect software simulates a building in Tehran climate,and the different between materials facing in the amount of embody energy of building is checked and thus the sustainability and stability of each of the materials provided, as required for a sustainable facade of stable, formed. According to the results obtained in terms of sustainability , Building energy consumption, the use of concrete is 32093396(WH) during the year. Brick energy is 31954916(WH) and aluminum is 32641370(WH) According to these numbers brick is more sustainable than Concrete and then aluminum for use in the building of Tehran climate so the exchange of energy through the building facade materials smaller, so less energy is buildingin addition to energy factor in buildings. It is also assumed that the material has sufficient life and After the demolition of the building can be recycled and reused to minimize damage to the raw materials that come from nature placed.
Previous studies in the world show that many studies have been done on sustainable materials But so far, particularly on the materials used in building facades approach to sustainability and reduce energy consumption, little research has been done.The closest title of this article, by promising Navid Baheri, is the materials used in the facade of sustainable architecture ,this paper is a brief introduction and classification of material in front of them, In compliance with the standard details with regard to climate issues and energy consumption has been reduced And finally to present and examine a few examples of sustainable architecture .this title in external articles and books is in a book that explain about Criteria for resources, pollution, native products, chemical and physical characteristics of building materials and identify materials and environmental states in some articles and books the authors studied Sustainability of eco-friendly materials, embodied energy ,Toxic aspects, construction and demolition waste .but in A few of the articles studied exactly about The stability, especially with regard to embody energy building materials Building Facade.

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Fusarium solani f. sp.cucurbitae races cause crown, fruit and root rots of cucurbits and economic problem for farmers. The aim of this study is identification of Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae races which collected in Shahrood, Jiroft and Varamin, provinces of Iran using morphological characteristics and fungal-specific primers. Symptomatic cucurbit plants were collected from different fields in three provinces. After isolation and purification of the causal agents, pathogenicity test and DNA extraction were performed. Specific primers for TEF-1α gene were used to distinguish among different species of Fusarium and Fusarium solani. The isolates that showed a specific 658 bp amplicon on agarose gel were selected for subsequent PCR assay in order to detection of F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 1 and 2. PCR assays were performed with taxon-specific primers race 1 (505bp PCR product) and race 2 (425bp PCR product). Some samples amplified a 505bp amplicon which is specific for race 1 and was in accordance with morphological characteristics. In these isolates, 5 septate macroconidia were dominant that is specific to Fusarium solani f. sp.cucurbitae race 1 macroconidia. None of the isolates were amplified by race 2 taxon-specific primers. Our study showed that, race 1 of F.solani is the dominant race of the pathogen in Shahrood, Jiroft and Varamin provinces which can help to implement effective disease management strategies.
 

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Chehel-soroud is one of the most popular and current types of omen among Lorestan people which they perform collectively. In every presage, forty couplets are attributed to interpret the intended 40^th couplet. In the present research and based on library resources, the aesthetic function of the 500 chehel-soroud couplets  collected by the field method was analyzed in two parts of "Phones , Vocabulary, Musics and figures of speech " and the surface structure including  Emotion, Thought and Meaning. The research findings showed that at surface structure of phones movement with music is sometimes created with serenity and sometimes with violence. The association of vocabulary plays a role in the association of emotions and the meaning of poetry. The association of vocabulary plays a role in the association of emotions and the meaning of poetry. In some parts of the verses, meter and rhyme are unacceptable, which is to some extent negligible. Internal music is due to figures like phonotactics , morphophonemics and pun. Spiritual musics in its turn is as a result of figures like Mora’at al nazir, Hossn-e- Ta’lil and hyperbole. Metonymy and assimilation play a key role in the creation of figures of speech. Emotionally, at deep structure level, good omens are accompanied by enthusiasm while sinister ones lead to despair. In terms of meaning and regarding the frequency , themes of love and friendship, natural resources such as mountains and trees, religious beliefs and interests such as hunting, breeding, agriculture etc. are evident in the couplets.

 

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