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This research has tried to define a new approach to translator’s role as intercultural mediator supported by the theories of Sapir and Whorf in anthropologies to find a right perception of interactional relation between language and cultural, which affects translator’s understanding of the reality. To achieve this, a Meta model was proposed that could help the mediator/translator to realize consciously the cultural reality hidden in the text in order to create a meaningful text, which is closer to the main concept of the source text.

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The aim of this project is the design and optimization of the formulation of epoxy adhesives for bonding metal to composite parts . This joints are most widely used in the aerospace industry to reduce stress concentration at a point. Joints for single edge joining include stainless steel metal with commercial code 316L and composite epoxy resin / carbon fiber. In this study, the effect of three types of additives: filler (alumina micro-particles), nylon 6.6 and phenolic resin (type of resin) on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy adhesive have been investigated. Tensile test results showed that increasing alumina fillers increases the tensile strength and overlap shear adhesive samples, respectively, in single lap joint dumbbells and elderly. The test showed that increasing the amount of nylon 6.6 When is slightly higher due to a sharp drop in tensile strength and overlap shear, respectively, in both cases is dog bone and single lap joint adhesives. This limit depends on the capacity epoxy ring to absorb amide hydrogens. The test for thermal properties (TGA) showed that increasing the amount of phenolic thermal stability is improved. High-temperature tensile test of appropriateness is also increasing impact of phenolic resin. Finally, the adhesive properties built with the similar adhesive (UHU) were compared. Results showed superiority in single lap joint metal to composite adhesive is made in the study.

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Efficiency of economical units especially banks is one of the success factors in developed countries. In this regard, managers of the banks are responsible for the efficiency of them, which is not possible without evaluation of efficiency of the bank branches under the supervision of the managers. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a method for calculating the efficiency of various organizations having multiple-inputs multiple-outputs. This method leads to ordering of efficient and inefficient branches and identifying reference unit (DMU) to attain efficiency frontier. Also, effectiveness of each variable in efficiency of each unit can be determined. In this research, an input-oriented BCC model with envelopment form has been employed. Thus, the statistical data from 17 branches of Refah Kargaran Bank in Lorestan Province was collected during 2010-2011. The results show that there are 11 efficient branches (65% of the branches) and 6 inefficient branches. Inefficient branches were ranked in terms of their efficiency, and AP model was used for ranking of the efficient branches. Finally, TOPSIS was applied for ranking of the branches in order to verify the results.

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Objective: Dermatophytosis is one of the most common pandemic fungal infections that is a major health problem in cities and villages. This study aims to evaluate PCR sensitivity and accuracy in the detection of nail dermatophytosis compared to conventional direct and culture detection methods, and performs an assessment of Trichophyton rubrum in patients suspected of having nail dermatophytosis. Methods: This experiment was a descriptive-experimental study carried out on 71 nail samples obtained from patients with suspected nail dermatophytosis. All clinical samples of nails or chips were divided into three sections and each section underwent direct examination, culture and molecular tests. In the molecular test, we used fungal rRNA universal primers (ITS1 and ITS4) and Trichophyton rubrum-specific primers. Results: In this study, for the first time in Iran and based on a modified protocol, DNA was directly extracted from tissues of infected nails in less than five hours. Additionally a comparison of the results obtained from routine laboratory methods such as direct examination and culture with PCR verified the high sensitivity and accuracy of PCR compared to the other studied methods. Conclusion: PCR, as a rapid, accurate method, can be a good replacement for conventional culture and direct examination.

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The standard and conventional thermal comfort models such as Gagge and Fangar models are only applicable in uniform thermal environments and predict the overall thermal sensation based on mean environmental and individual parameters and are not capable of evaluation of local thermal sensations of different body parts. But Under non-uniform conditions, the human body’s segments may experience a wide range of physical parameters such as air temperature, radiation temperature and air velocity. So the response of the people to non-uniform conditions depends on local thermal sensation not on overall thermal sensation. Nowadays, thermal comfort in non-uniform environments may be predicted using experiments in the climate chambers or in automobiles and the proposed models are based on the regression analysis of the experimental data from different subjects in special conditions. So the propose of this work is proposing a model for evaluation of local thermal sensation of different body segments and overall thermal sensation in non-uniform environments. In the new model, temperature and physiological mechanisms of different body parts are obtained by 16-segment Tanabe model and then the local and overall thermal sensations are evaluated by the University of Berkeley model. The comparison of obtained results by new model with available experimental data shows good agreement between them.

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This study was conducted under Ahvaz, Iran environmental condition during 2012 and 2013 growing seasons in order to investigate the influence of foliar application of potassium on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of three olive cultivars including ‘Mission’, ‘Koroneiki’ and ‘Dezfuli’. Potassium sulfate in different concentrations of 0, 1, and 2 g l^-1 was sprayed twice on selected mature 10 year old trees; at 50 and 65 days after full bloom. Potassium sprays increased leaf chlorophyll content of all cultivars, leaf potassium content in ‘Mission’ and ‘Koroneiki’ cvs., fruit anthocyanin concentration of ‘Dezfuli’ in two crop seasons. However, K treatments had no significant effect on leaf N and P content, fruit K and P content in all studied cultivars. Fruit soluble carbohydrates increased by foliar application of potassium in ‘Koroneiki’ and ‘Dezfuli’ cultivars in the second year of study. Stem water potential and leaf stomatal conductance were significantly affected by cultivar and K treatments during the two years. Our findings showed that foliar application of potassium resulted in the decrease of stomatal conductance of ‘Koroneiki’ and ‘Dezfuli’ in two crop seasons. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the studied cultivars differently respond to K treatments during the two crop seasons and foliar potassium application could have a positive impact on leaf chlorophyll, leaf potassium, fruit soluble carbohydrates and fruit anthocyanins in olive cultivars.

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 Oxidation of fats and oils leads to the production of harmful substances that endanger the health of the consumer. In the present study, the antioxidant activity of mountain watermelon fruit extract was investigated. Extraction was performed by ultrasonic extraction with the help of solvent (ethanol). In this study, the extraction process was performed by ultrasound technology with 3 levels of 20 tests, by the response level method. The results of statistical analysis were reported in optimal conditions, time of 18.62 minutes, sound intensity of 84.56 khz and temperature of 49.52 ° C and extraction efficiency of 34.456 8456%. Under these optimal conditions, the amount of phenolic compounds and free radical scavenging power of the extracts at concentrations (100, 200, 200, 400, 800 ppm) were measured by Folin and DPPH tests, and then the extract was concentrated at concentrations (100, 200, 400, 800, 800 ppm). Samples of soybean oil without added antioxidants and parameters of peroxide index, thiobarbiotic acid index (TBA) were compared with samples of soybean oil containing 200 ppm synthetic antioxidants (BHT) and control sample. The results showed that with increasing the concentration of mountain watermelon extract in soybean oil from 800 to 100 ppm, the index of peroxide, thiobarbiotic acid index (TBA) decreases and the concentration of 800 ppm of the extract due to higher levels of antioxidant compounds is more effective in inhibiting free radicals.
 

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In the present research, the steam generation performances of nanofluids containing titanium dioxide have experimentally been examined. For this purpose, a solar simulator with a xenon lamp as the radiation source, and a pyranometer as a light intensity measuring device are used. Then, the water based-nanofluids in five nanoparticle mass fractions of 0.001, 0.002, 0.004, 0.04, and 0.08% exposed to the light intensity of 3.5Suns (3.5 kW/m2) were investigated to compare their evaporation performances with water (H2O). Finally, the effects of the solar power intensity on the steam generation were examined. The results showed that the titanium dioxide nanostructures are more efficient to directly absorb the solar energy than the water so that the maximum total evaporation efficiency of 77.4% and 54% were obtained at 3.5 kW.m-2 for nanofluid and water, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that light absorption increases as the nanofluid mass fraction increases. Also, increasing the light intensity from 1.5 to 3.5 kW.m-2 enhances the thermal efficiency, while it reduces the evaporation efficiency.

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This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dust, rain, and pollination on photosynthesis activity and crop yield of commercial date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivar `Sayer’. Mature trees were used for dust treatments application and assessments under Ahvaz, Iran, during the 2016-2017 growing seasons. The dust blew on the trees canopy using a blower and the leaf gas exchange was evaluated using an infrared gas analyzer on the intact leaves. After treatments, photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance were measured. The leaf gas exchange results showed significant differences between the applied combined treatments on photosynthesis rate (from 9.18 to 0.64 μmol CO₂ m^-2s^-1), stomatal conductance (from 39.9 to 6.67 mmol m⁻²s⁻¹), and transpiration rate (from 2.78 to 1.49 mmol H₂O m^-2s^-1). Deposition manner of dust particles, the number of stomata in the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of leaflets, and the minimum dust-carrying capacity (MDCC) were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Stomata study using SEM showed that date palm leaflet surfaces are almost wavy and the stomata are situated in the concave surfaces in a linear arrangement on both abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces. Although, there were no significant differences in stomatal density at the abaxial (299 mm^-2) and adaxial (300 mm^-2) leaf surfaces, the leaflet position within the leaf showed a significant influence on MDCC. The base positioned leaflets in the leaf showed the highest (2.5 mg cm^-2) and the upper positioned top leaflets showed the lowest MDCC (1.7 mg cm^-2), respectively. Also, SEM showed a sign of covering or entering dust particles into the stomata with possible stomata clog and blockage lead to the significant reduction of photosynthesis and crop yield. Besides, pollinated trees showed the maximum crop yield (59.17 Kg tree^-1), so the minimum yield was recorded on un-pollinated palm trees (1.90 Kg tree^-1).  

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The first step to achieving ecological sustainability and intensification in agricultural systems is to have a comprehensive agroecological analysis of agricultural systems. This research analyzed the agroecological ecosystem of potato cultivation in the Torbat-e Heydariyeh Region of Iran over fifteen years (2001-2016). Based on the results, potato yield increased by 0.28 t ha^-1 yr^-1. The average potential yield of potato was calculated by the FAO method to be 64 t.ha^-1. Also, the potential yield did not increase significantly during the study period. The average yield gap of potato was calculated to be 32.44 t ha^-1. Also, with increasing yield, the yield gap showed a decreasing trend. The ecosystems experienced a steady rise in intensification, and the stability decreased. It was observed that although nitrogen fertilizer application was increased, its efficiency dropped from 110 kg tuber per kg of nitrogen fertilizer to 70 kg. Due to the decreasing trend of NUpE (Nitrogen uptake efficiency) and NUE (Nitrogen use efficiency) during the studied years, the NUE gap was the main factor in increasing nitrogen consumption, increasing intensification, and reducing stability in the studied systems. Therefore, changing the management method to increase the efficiency of nitrogen consumption can be suggested as the first step for moving towards ecological intensification and improving the sustainability of potato production systems.