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Teachers’ Continuous Professional Development (T-CPD) is of utmost importance for language teachers. T-CPD is the stimulation for updating teachers’ subject knowledge and  their teaching skills. Therefore, the predictive power of Psychological Well-being, L2 Teacher Grit, Grit-s, and Perceived Organizational Support (POS) on T-CPD was investigated through the mediating role of Work Motivation. Those who have participated in this study were 189 L2 teachers, who were from Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. They took part in an online questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using Path Analysis. Before running path analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was run to estimate Cronbach’s Alpha. Based on the CFA, two items (one from L2 Teacher Grit and one from POS) that did not have good loadings were removed from the scales. Then, the authers used path analysis to check the causal relationship among the variables in the proposed model. The fitness indices showed good fitness. Moreover, the more domain-specific L2 Teacher Grit performed better than the Gris-s scale. These insights can inform strategies for enhancing T-CPD and improving the overall quality of education. In addition, the results put light on the design of teacher training programs and organizational policies that aim to improve teacher quality and student outcomes.
 

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With the increasing prevalence of online education, the significance of students’ self-regulation skills has never been more pronounced. Yet, many students struggle to develop and apply these skills (Bylieva et al., 2021). This transcendental phenomenological study investigates the self-regulation strategies employed by highly self-regulated university students in fully online learning environments. Participants were recruited online based on purposive and criterion sampling procedures. Data were collected through guided journals and semi-structured in-depth interviews, transcribed with Voxtab, and analyzed using Peoples' (2020) phenomenological framework and NVivo 10 software. The result revealed four major themes: meta-affective and affective practices, metacognitive and cognitive practices, socio-affective features, and tech-enhanced learning strategies. The study's trustworthiness was ensured through member checks, purposeful sampling, inter-rater agreement, and debriefing. The findings offer profound insights into students' experiences with online self-regulation. They present students with practical and effective online self-regulation strategies and provide educators with insights into course designs fostering self-regulation.

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Nowadays, the seismic performance-based design of structures has been widely noticed by the engineering community. So, different methods for performance-based design have been presented by different researchers. This attitude has been included in the design code and regulations for seismic design of new buildings and retrofit of existing buildings. The FEMA P-58 performance-based design method presented by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) can quantify the consequences related to the seismic response of buildings. Therefore, using this method, the seismic performance of buildings can be directly evaluated. In addition, this performance-based design method can define simpler criteria such as repair cost, repair time, and casualties for seismic evaluation and decision-making process. The method is based on considering different sources of uncertainty in earthquake input and its intensity, structural response, associated damage, and repair cost, using the concepts of conditional probability and total probability theorem. In this method, the building is designed in such a way that it meets the expected and predetermined performance level in a specific level of seismic excitation. Since the performance levels of the building are determined based on the amount of damage caused to structural and non-structural members, one of the practical and effective ways to evaluate performance is to estimate the building repair cost. In the approach presented in FEMA P-58, the repair cost is defined in a probabilistic approach, as the cost needed to restore the damaged parts to their original state in the form of expected annual loss. In this research, first, three 4-, 12-, and 20-story office buildings with the lateral force resisting system of reinforced concrete special moment frames were selected in a high seismic risk area. Then, the nonlinear model of structures was provided in OpenSEES software. In order to reduce the computational cost and analysis time, the single-bay Substitute Frame model was used to simplify the multi-bay reinforced concrete moment frames. All four structures were subjected to Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) for 30 earthquake records. A probabilistic relationship between the spectral acceleration of the earthquake and the main damage parameter (i.e. the inter-story drift), as well as the collapse fragility curve, was obtained. Then, the repair cost including the cost of repairing structural members as well as beams and columns, the cost of repairing non-structural members as well as partition and curtain walls, and the cost of replacing collapsed structures was calculated as expected annual loss. The results show that the repair costs at the Design-Based Earthquake (DBE) for 4-, 12-, and 20-story buildings are 3%, 2.5%, and 10% of the building replacement cost and at Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) are 22%, 23%, and 38% of the building replacement cost, respectively. In addition, in short buildings, most of the cost is caused by repairing structural and non-structural members, and in tall buildings, most of the cost is caused by replacing collapsed or severely damaged structures. Considering two nonstructural elements (i.e. partition and curtain walls) in repair cost, the analysis results show that the cost of repairing structural elements is more than the cost of repairing non-structural elements.

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Buried concrete tanks serve as critical components of public and military infrastructure, where structural damage can trigger severe social, security, and environmental crises. Consequently, designing these tanks to withstand shock loads from explosions is of paramount importance. Additionally, the behavior of layered clay soils under such loading conditions requires detailed examination. This study investigates the influence of burial depth on the performance of concrete tanks subjected to explosive loads in layered clay soils. The analysis was conducted using AUTODYN and FLAC 2D finite element software. Concrete tanks buried at depths of 3, 6, 8, and 10 meters were analyzed under surface explosions generated by 50, 100, and 200 kg of TNT, with defined pressure and distance parameters. The soil properties, structural characteristics, and internal fluid pressure were incorporated into the model. Results indicate that increasing the burial depth significantly reduces the displacement of the tank roof and floor due to the dissipation of explosion energy in the surrounding soil. For instance, with a 50 kg TNT charge, increasing the burial depth from 3 meters to 6, 8, and 10 meters resulted in roof displacement reductions of 54%, 70%, and 78%, respectively. These findings demonstrate the critical role of burial depth in enhancing structural resilience against explosive loads and mitigating damage.
 

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Aims: Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction (PS) is one of the most essential factors in improving the quality of healthcare systems. The aim of this study is to determine the norms and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Najmiyeh Outpatients Satisfaction Questionnaire (NOSQ). Methods and Materials: This study has been conducted on 240 outpatients in Najmiyeh subspecialty hospital (Tehran-Iran) in 2011. They were selected using the proportional simple random sampling method. Following the confirmation of the content validity, we considered the construct validity and reliability applying Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Cronbach's Alpha. Also, SPSS and AMOS version 18 were used for data analysis. Findings: The sample population consisted of 240 subjects, including 132 females (55.1%) and 108 males (44.9%). The EFA reported three important factors in this regard, with a variance of 54% and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index of 0.82, all approved by the CFA (RMSEA= 0.04, CFI= 0.96). The outpatients' satisfaction factors were: “hospital information system, treatment and conditions”. The reliability of the questionnaire was reported at %71 based on the Cronbach's alpha. Conclusions: Both validity and the reliability indexes of the NOSQ have been reported at a desirable level; therefore it can be used as a valid and reliable instrument to measure the outpatients' satisfaction.

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Aim: Patients' satisfaction (PS) is a dominant concept in medical care, due to the gap in the literature on Persian version of PS instruments, this study has conducted with aim to analyze the validity and reliability of self-designed Najmiyeh Inpatient Satisfaction Questionnaire (NISQ). Methods: This study was carried out on 247 inpatients that came in Najmiyeh subspecialty hospital in Tehran (the capital city of Iran) during year 2011 who were selected by proportional stratified sampling method. Statistical analysis used: In this study, after checking content validity we used confirmatory and explanatory factor analysis and Cronbach's Alpha in order to examine construct validity and reliability, respectively. SPSS (version18) and AMOS (version 20) programmer were used to analyze data. Findings: Samples consisted of 247 subjects (222 women (90%) and 25 men (10%)). The explanatory factor analysis showed 5 factors with 64% total variance and 0.91 Kaser-Meyer-Olkin Index, the result also confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis (PNFI=0.71, RMR=0.03, PCFI=0.76). Extracted factors consisted of: “satisfaction from nursing services and their behaviour”, “satisfaction from one’s doctor”, “satisfaction from inpatient department”, “companions’ satisfaction”, “satisfaction from one’s room”. Also the questionnaire’s reliability was 0.96 using the Cronbach's Alpha method. Conclusions: Because validity and reliability indexes of NISQ were reported in suitable range, we can confirm that this questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for measuring inpatient satisfaction.

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The subfamily Cremastinae Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was studied in Fars and Hormozgan provinces (southern Iran). The specimens were collected using Malaise traps and sweeping nets. Nine species were identified of which two species including Temelucha afghana Šedivý, 1968 and Temelucha confluens (Gravenhorst, 1829) are new records for the fauna of Iran. With result of this study, the number of Cremastinae species known from Iran has increased to 24 species in six genera. An identification key to Iranian Cremastinae is provided, as well as a morphological diagnosis for the newly recorded species.

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Accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Z, Ni, Cu) in gill, liverrnand muscle of 30 individuals of greater lizardfish (Saurida tumbil), collectedrnfrom Hendijan fishing area in April 2012, was assessed. Metals werernextracted by digestion method and their levels were measured by atomicrnabsorption spectrophotometr (AAS- model GBC Savanta AA ). Levels ofrnthe heavy metals from maximal to minimal were Fe>Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd.rnMean of heavy metals accumulation in gill, liver and muscle werernsignificantly different (P

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A faunistic survey was conducted in Ardabil province (North-western Iran), during spring 2013 to study the ichneumonids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) associated with grasslands in this area. Samplings were carried out by the sweeping net in natural grasslands, neighboring fields and orchards. A total of twelve ichneumonid species belonging to nine genera and five subfamilies were collected and identified. The species were identified as follow: Collyria coxator (Villers, 1789), Diadromus collaris (Gravenhorst, 1829), Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius, 1781), Diplazon pectoratorius (Gravenhorst, 1829), Homotropus crassicornis (Thomson, 1890), Homotropus elegans (Gravenhorst, 1829), Homotropus signatus (Gravenhorst, 1829), Lysibia nana (Gravenhorst, 1829), Orthocentrus castellanus (Ceballos, 1963), Picrostigeus setiger (Brischke, 1871), Promethes sulcator (Gravenhorst, 1829) and Syrphophilus bizonarius (Gravenhorst, 1829). Homotropus crassicornis is newly recorded for the fauna of Iran. An identification key to the known species of the genus Homotropus Foerster, 1869 from Iran is presented.

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Improved studies on Collembola fauna of Iran have been started only recently and springtails species from many regions of the country are still unknown. This study presents the results of a faunistic survey of springtails from Golestan province, Northern Iran. Samplings were done in different habitats of Gorgan and Kordkuy counties (Golestan province) including forests, agricultural fields and citrus orchards during 2014–2015. In sum 37species from families Entomobryidae, Paronellidae, Isotomidae, Tomoceridae, Onychiuridae and Tullbergiidae were identified. Entomobrya numidica Baquero, Hamra-Kroua & Jordana, 2009; E. nivalis Linneaeus, 1758; E. nicoleti Lubbock, 1868; Cyphoderus agnotus Borner, 1906; Isotomurus cf. balteatus Reuter, 1876; Vertagopus sp.; Protaphorura cf. salsa Kaprus, Pasnik et Weiner, 2014; Mesaphorura yosii Rusek, 1967; Mesaphorura critica Ellis, 1976represent new records for Iranian fauna.

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Identification of intertidal echinoderms and the effect of environmental factors on their density and distribution in five stations around the Khark Island were seasonally investigated. Three transects were designated to cover the supralittoral, eulittoral and sublittoral zones within each station. The environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and total organic maters (TOM) were also recorded. Maximum and minimum water temperature were recorded in summer (35.94 ± 0.28) and in winter (18.34 ± 0.39) and the maximum and minimum salinity were recorded in winter (44.6± 0.14) and spring (37 ± 0.18), respectively. Maximum and minimum percentages of total organic maters (TOM) were observed in summer (9.63 ± 0.71) and winter (3.39±0.15), respectively.Totally four species belonging to for families were identified, viz. Asterina burtoni, Echinometra mathaei, Holothuria atra, Ophiothrix sarignyi, the highest frequency of which was encountered by E. mathaei. The maximum density and distribution were found in spring and minimum in summer and winter.

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Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is among the most destructive pathogens of citrus and causes substantial economic losses in citrus-growing industry worldwide. Considering recent distribution of this pathogen and its capability of transmission by existing aphid vectors in Iran, detection of this virus is enforceable for controlling the damage caused by this pathogen in Iran, as one of the major citrus producing countries. Toward this aim, developing a reliable and sensitive detection method such as enzyme- linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) would be the first step to detect CTV in large scale screenings of field samples. As the serological method requires great amounts of specific antibody, the consequent preparation of a large scale antigen source for immunization process is necessary. In this study the coat protein gene of CTV (CP25) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from a cloned CP25 gene in pTZ57R/T and subcloned in pET26b expression vector and named pET-CP25. Two Escherichia coli strains of BL21 and Rosetta Gami (DE3) were transformed by pET-CP25. Expression of recombinant protein was induced by IPTG. The authenticity of recombinant protein was confirmed by western immunoblot analysis using a polyclonal antiserum against CTV particles. The results indicated that CTV coat protein gene was expressed in E.coli. This recombinant protein could be used as a source of antigen for immunization process.

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The pollution of aquatic ecosystems may affect natural reproduction of fish populations by decreasing the fertilization efficiency. Among the various sources of pollution, heavy metals are important group, being found in both freshwater and marine environment. The present study investigated changes of sperm characteristics of Caspimyzon wagneri when exposed to Manganese (Mn). Spermatozoids were exposed to 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg l^‑1 of Mn, duration of sperm motility and percent of motile sperms were measured using a light microscope and digital camera as a semi-quantitative method. Total duration of spermatozoids motility decreased with increase of Mn concentration in all treatments. This study indicated that Mn could seriously affect the reproductive success of the Caspian lamprey in a polluted environment through decreasing the duration of spermatozoid motility and possibly fertilization and hatching rates. Hence, contact to this metal could decrease the survival rate of this endangered species, especially during the reproduction.

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A survey was conducted to identify the parasitic wasps of the subfamily Campoleginae (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) in Fars province (southern Iran) during February 2011 – August 2013. Specimens were collected using Malaise traps and sweeping nets. Two new record species of the genus Cymodusa (Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae) were identified: C. longiterebra Dbar, 1985 and C. australis (Smits van Burgst, 1913). An identification key, morphological diagnosis and geographical distribution of Iranian Cymodusa are provided.

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In order to determine the most effective hormones on the in vitro oocyte maturation (germinal vesicle breakdown - GVBD) in a hybrid sturgeon bester, ovarian follicles were incubated at the migratory nucleus stage in the presence of several steroids, gonadotropin preparations and forskolin. Occurrence of GVBD and 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3 -one (DHP) production were followed during an experimental period of one year of germinal vesicle (GV) migration. From all the steroids tested, three progesterone derivatives-17α- hydroxyprogesterone (17αOHP), 17, 20β, 21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17, 20 β, 21- triol), and DHP-were the most potent steroid inducers of GVBD, followed closely by deoxycorticosterone (DOC). No GVBD responses were found in ovarian follicles in July when the GV was still central. The responsiveness increased gradually from then and reached its peak in November when the GV had migrated fully towards the oocyte periphery. Their potencys gradually declined later from December and the oocytes lost their ability to mature the next July when degeneration set in. DHP production by ovarian follicle during successive months of nucleus migration demonstrated a relatively similar pattern of GVBD frequencies. These results indicated again a relevant role for DHP on oocyte maturation in the bester and also suggested that GV localization along with in vitro oocyte maturation assay can be used as practical tools for selecting the appropriate individuals in exogenous induced spawning in bester.

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Pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on some morphological characteristics of Thlaspi caerulescens L., and also on the accumulation of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in roots and shoots of T. caerulescens L.. Experiments were then set up in three treated pots with doses of 3, 6 and 9 mmol kg^-1 of EDTA and control pots (C: uncontaminated soil and W: contaminated soil). The results indicated the significant effect of EDTA on morphological characteristics and accumulation of heavy metals in the plant (P<0.05). Data revealed that the maximum of germination (99.11 and 96.00%), maximum of root length (73.31 and 70.14 mm) and maximum of shoot length (51.64 and 44.14 mm) and maximum of biomass weight (61.31 and 52.18 mg) were achieved by C treatment followed by W treatment. The maximum bioconcentration factor (3.57) and translocation factor (0.89) was observed on 9 mmol kg^-1 EDTA. In addition, the effect of EDTA on Tolerance Index (TI) showed that the TI decreased with increasing doses of EDTA. The findings indicated that the study species tolerated heavy metals concentration. EDTA had potential to promote the uptake of heavy metals for T. caerulescens L., butwith respect to non-significant differences between 6 mmol kg^-1 EDTA and 9 mmol kg^-1 EDTA treatments. Thereore, low dose of EDTA suggested to be applied because of its environmental risk.

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Collocation is the utilization of two or more words, often with a high frequency, with one another, provided that the frequency should be significant enough in order not to be labeled accidental. This linguistic phenomenon has been attracting several translation scholars contemporarily; stimulating them to closely scrutinize and observe the translation of these collocations in different books. This study, with the help of a descriptive and analytical method, aims to study these adjectival and genitive collocation and its translations in the Holy Quran. In the first place, 55 adjectival and genitive collocations from the Quran and its ten contemporary translations were extracted which were later criticized and analyzed. The results of the study indicate that the translation ignorance of these Quranic collocations, as units of translations, have not only brought about various translations of the same collocations, but also has lead to the emergence of the same form of translation of various collocations with different meanings. In conclusion, some suggestions to remove these challenges have been offered. For instance, prefabricated equivalences for these collocations could be prepared to be referenced to in order to come up with translations which are along the same lines.

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Decoding Bibis` Narration Abstract Myths and mythical narration have several meaning and several values. This means that myths and mythical narration in meaning horizon of every tex and course , can be changed in term of surface structure and deep structure .Bibis`s narrations have two structures .one concerned custom of marriage and other depends on religious experience. Bibis` myth and narration such as " Bibi Shahr e Banoo " in Rey and " Bibi Shah Zeinab " in Yazdel e Kashan even if they have victimizing deep structure of fairies but in Islamic periods considering the recreation of stories again and also the form and appearance of restructured buildings are the indicator of religious matter and its joint to the holy time atleast tendency to it , " mysterious " , " awe " , and " splendor " which is at extreme the reason of revelation of descriptions of holly time. these signs and revelations in details and structure of narrator stories and related buildings is appeared . Key word : Bibi, sign,narration, religious experience ,myth .

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The study was conducted to investigate the effect of humic acid on the germination properties of medicinal plants Borago officinalis and Cichorium intybus in a completely randomized design with five replications. Experimental treatment comprised the following dosages 0, 15, and 30 g l^-1. The results revealed that effect of humic acid on the germination properties of C. intybus was significant (p<0.01) except for the germination percentage and mean germination time (p< 0.01). In addition, humic acid was effective on the morphological properties of C. intybus except for radical and pedicel dry weight. Humic acid was also effective on the germination properties of B. officinalis except for the germination percentage (p<1%); it was only effective on morphological properties viz. radical fresh weight, seedlings’ pedical length and allometric coefficient. The most effect was obtained in the 30 g l^-1 humic acid.The control treatment had the least effect on the plant's properties. In conclusion, the results showed that application of 30 g l^-1 humic acid was effective in germination of the plant species and stimulated the plants germination.