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Background: Miscarriage is one of the most common pregnancy complications for which various causes have been defined, such as genetic factors, infectious, metabolic, endocrine systemmal function and immune system undesired responses. The early development of embryo occurs in oviduct and uterine tube from which some factors such as growth factors, glyco-proteins and factors those stimulate development of embryo are secreted. The ETF3 embryotrophic factor which is a complex of C3 complements and its derivatives i.e., iC3b, enhances the development of trophectodermas a consequence of which expression of relevant genes are affected embryo. There are various response elements in C3 gene promoter region such as, estrogen response regions (ERE). Steroids such as estrogen and progesterone are secreted in early steps of embryonic period along with C3 secretion and cause increase in C3 expression through interaction with regulatory elements in promoter region of this gene. In this study the polymorphism in ERE regions of C3 gene promoter was investigated in women suffering from recurrent miscarriage. Materials and methods: In this study, assuming that polymorphism in ERE regions is correlated with recurrent miscarriage during early months of pregnancy, 40 blood samples were collected from female patients admitted to an Infertility Clinic, Isfahan, Iran. DNA was extracted, amplification of regions harboring ERE with a pair of specific primer was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Strand Chain Polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) for studying possible polymorphisms in this region. Results and conclusion: The results indicated a specific symptomless infertility among the women, however there was no correlation between the ERE polymorphism and symptoms in control and cases.

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Aims: One of the challenges of today's world is the crisis of spirituality, which occurred mainly due to the focus of modernism on materialism and consumerism. In the last twenty years, the ideas of thinkers about spiritual architecture and urbanism have started. The purpose of this research is to understand the dimensions of the quality of spirituality and measure it in some urban spaces of Isfahan. 

Method: A simple review method was used to review the literature, a Delphi method and a semi-structured interview with elites and an in-depth interview with citizens were used to identify the characteristics of spiritual urban spaces. Interviews analysis with thematic analysis. 

Findings: The opinions of two groups of elites and citizens in order to rank 22 selected spaces of Isfahan city based on a Likert scale were analyzed using a questionnaire and Friedman's test to rank the perception of spirituality and variance analysis has been used to compare the perception of spirituality of different groups. 

Conclusion: The results show that the spiritual urban space is formed in a context based on religious or non-religious beliefs and each of these contexts lead to the formation of social and cultural identity in the city. Such spaces have different effects on people, which include a good relationship with God, himself, others, and nature. Also, based on the scores of two groups of professors and citizens, Jame Mosque has the highest score and Hassan Abad Bazaar has the lowest score for the level of spirituality in the urban spaces of Isfahan.

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Knowing customer behavior patterns, clustering and assigning them is one of the most important purpose for banks. In this research, the five criteria of each customer, including Recency, Frequency, Monetary, Loan and Deferred, were extracted from the bank database during one year, and then clustered using the customer's K-Means algorithm. Then, the multi-objective model of bank service allocation was designed for each of the clusters. The purpose of the designed model was to increase customer satisfaction, reduce costs, and reduce the risk of allocating services. Given the fact that the problem does not have an optimal solution, and each client feature has a probability distribution function, simulation was used to solve it. In order to determine the neighbor optimal solution of the Simulated Anneling algorithm, neighboring solutions were used and a simulation model was implemented. The results showed a significant improvement over the current situation. In this research, we used Weka and R-Studio software for data mining and Arena for simulation for optimization. The results of this research were used to develop Business Intelligence software for customers in one of the private banks of Iran.

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Objective: DNA markers are one of the most important indicators for estimating Molecular weight of DNA samples, although it used in widespread medical and research laboratories. These markers are very divers and have been prepared in different manners and from different sources of DNA. But unfortunately, DNA markers haven't been made in our country and all of the markers that we use are made in a foreign country. The aim of this research is settings a suitable technology to produce this product in the lab. Material and Methods: With this aim, we used two different strains of lambda: c1857sam7 and EMBL3A both of which are lytic phages as a DNA source. These were grown in the suitable host, after plaque appearance on the bacterial lawn, suitable titer for phage collecting was determined. We also optimized plasmid purification method for extraction of pBR322, pUC18 and recombinant VZV plasmid DNA and designed fragments in the markers have been constructed by digesting these DNAs with variant enzymes. Results: In this study, we made seven DNA markers out of which four of them were made for the first time in the world (/Hind III/BamH1, /Hind III/EcoR1, Sam2, Sam1) and although foreign models of three of them exist but they were made in our country for the first time (/Pst I, /Hind III, pBR332/MspI). Conclusion: The other goal of this study was to determining the best conditions for maintaining and preserving these markers in the lab which was successfully performed.

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Biofuels are the main substitute to fossil fuels. These fuels are less polluting in compari-son to fossil fuels and can be produced from agricultural material residues for use in die-sel engines. In this research work bioethanol was produced from potato waste. It was de-hydrated in a vapor phase using 3A zeolite and was used in combination with sunflower methyl ester oil and diesel fuel blending which was evaluated thereafter. The sunflower methyl ester was also produced using a transesterification method. Considering the labo-ratory conditions and fuel stability limits to be used, the suitable blending proportion of bioethanol and diesel fuel was determined to be 12 to 88 and then, for maintaining fuel stability at temperatures lower than 15oC, the sunflower methyl ester was added to the mixture. The pour point of the fuel and different fuel blends, the viscosity, cetane number, flash point, amount of fuel ash, sulfur content and copper corrosion were determined in the laboratory. Experiments show that ethanol plays an important role on the flash point of the blends. With the addition of 3% bioethanol to diesel and sunflower methyl ester, the flash point was reduced to 16oC. The viscosity of the blends was reduced with the in-crease in the amount of ethanol. The sulfur content of bioethanol and sunflower methyl ester is very low compared with that of diesel fuel. The sulfur content of diesel is 500 ppm whereas that for ethanol and sunflower methyl ester is 0 and 15 ppm, respectively. The lower amount of sulfur content facilitates the use of fuel blends in diesel engines. For the ethanol and sunflower methyl ester combination, this amount is less than 20 ppm.

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Pastoral literature is one of the literary genres that have been neglected, while both the formal and informal genres of pastoral literature deserve a serious attention of researchers with literary and interdisciplinary approaches. Pastoral stories are part of a huge system of informal pastoral literature. So far, no determined research has been done in Iran with the approach of analysing pastoral themes on these texts. Nature has a special state in pastoral literature. The available research intends to investigate the twofold functions of nature (sanctity-magical function and the function of advancing the narrative) in the informal pastoral stories of Khaomirabad region of Marivan city. To achieve this, the approach of content analysis has been used with insinuating the structural analysis of stories, and the special place of outstanding natural elements such as mountains, caves, water, fire, springs, stones, and plants in stories have been investigated. The results of the research show that first, natural elements and places in pastoral stories are the cross point of the most important events of the story; secondly, the presence of magical and sanctity images in the description of nature evokes a positive image based on the necessity of respecting nature and the ecosystem in the reader. Thirdly, the structured schema in the mind of the reader and the audience provides an appropriate condition for generalizing the holiness and supernatural power of the natural elements described in the story to the physical world around him.
 

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To the best of the author’s knowledge, Shāhnāmeh scholars have used another meaning of the word "Āzār" in the hemistich "bar in Khastegihā bar āzār kist" and have defined "Āzār" as "a kind of burning medicine or ointment that is rubbed on the wound". The author here has used the word "Āzārchoob" as a variety of the word "Āzār" through a medicinal plant, called "Āzārchoob" which is frequently used as a pain reliever to bruises or fractures in Fars province. He has considered "Āzārchoob" as another evidence of the meaning of "Āzār" to "ointment" in this hemistich of Shāhnāmeh. Therefore, it is necessary to record and correct the word "kist" in the intended hemistich, which appears in some editions of Shāhnāmeh, especially in the edition of Khaleghi Mutlaq by considering the meaning of "Āzār" and according to the recording of some versions of this word in Khaleghi Mutlaq's edition, as "Chist". In addition, it is advised to go for the recording and correction of "tan-āzār" and changing it into "bar āzār" in the hemistich "bar in Khastegihā tan-āzār Chist" in line with the recording of some copies in the print of the Absolute Creator. In the same way, the statement "Āzār-e Kist" should be corrected to "āzār Chist" in the hemistich "bar ān Khastegihā bar āzār-e kist", according to the recording of some copies in the print of the Absolute Creator.
 

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The convergence process and the advantages involved for less developed and developing countries, especially those located in the MENA region is of a great importance in economic studies. Through expanding regional co-operations and playing a wider role in the economies of the member states, it can prepare a suitable ground for growing regional markets and positive international economic reactions and finally can result into total development of the region. This article, using time series model is aiming at testing the convergence hypothesis in MENA region (15 countries) during 1980-2008. For analyzing time series model, we used Augmented Dicky Fuller test, Zivot & Andrews (with the endogenous time break) unit root test, Im, Pesaran & Shin and also Levin, Lin & Chu unit root panel data tests. The results of time series model with ADF and ZA tests show that there are two groups of convergence among the selected MENA countries. The first one is those countries which are converging from the low per capita income up to the average per capita income of the selected countries. The second one is the countries which are converging from the high per capita income down to the average of the region. The rest have diverged from the average per capita income during the period. According to Im, Pesaran & Shin and also Levin, Lin & Chu unit root tests, the convergence hypothesis of per capita income to average, is accepted for the whole sample. Altogether, the selected countries are minimizing the gap between their per capita income and the average per capita income of the region.

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Completion and development of reliable analytical models using finite element method could help investigation and prediction of the actual structure response results. Analysis of each model in finite element software needs meshing, in which computer results are dependent specifically to geometry and dimensions of the elements, called "mesh dependence". Finding a strategy for independency of the results to meshing is tangible. For the mentioned purpose and also to investigate the role of finite elements meshing in flanged shear walls, finite element software was used. Different meshings of shear walls (tested by Vecchio and Palermo) were analyzed and studied. The results of analyses with different meshs showed different ultimate strengthes and lateral displacementes. Different shapes of mesh create various results, which are indicated in the finite element model. By increasing of the size of mesh, the final force was increased and the lateral displacement was decreased, which presents a rigid model. On the other hand, by decreasing of the dimension of mesh, a stiff model was seen. So, it is a need to create well proses to analyze and evaluate the flanged section of shear walls with finite element model. Getting suitable accuracy of finite element model, the mentioned concrete shear wall (vecchio and Palermo) was modeled by ANSYS. 3D SOLID65 element was employed for modeling of shear wall structures. This element is capable of cracking in tension and crushing in compression. In concrete applications, for instance, the solid capability of the element may be used to model the concrete while the rebar capability is available for modeling of reinforcement behavior. After calibration, optimum forms and dimensions are recommended. As an illustration, an idea was presented, by which flanged shear wall could be analyzed more carefully in ultimate strength and ductility. This analysis showed that the results of squared mesh are closer to the fact. For example, this type of meshing 6% error in ultimate strength and ductility in accordance to lab Specimen, presented the closer responses. Furthermore, investigation on the optimum size of the mesh showed that if the mesh has the same size of the thickness of the connecting element (Shear Wall Web), the results will have very high accuracy. For instance, squared meshes with same dimension of meshes equal to web thickness, rather than those with half dimension of that led to 1% of lateral resistance, which is closer to experimental test. It is possible that web thickness is 150 mm, thereby, we can use mesh sizes of 150mm, 75mm or 50mm. However, in order to obtain ultimate loads accurately, the mesh size of 150mm seems reasonable. Square meshes have four degrees of freedom. If the size of square is chosen to be the same as the web thickness, nodal forces induced in the web would be proportionate. For thischallenge, a flanged section reinforced concrete shear wall tested was selected to confirm the web thickness square theory. This shear wall was modeled by finite element program. The results of analysis showed accuracy in the investigated theory. In this study, the web thikness square theory has indicated 8% error in ultimate strength.

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The antiquity of stylistic studies in Iran is seriously owed as an independent field due to the persistent and research efforts of the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar. By studying the research literature, we find that Bahar's Stylistics has not been properly studied and his theoretical stylistic approach has not been discovered and extracted yet. Therefore, the aim of the authors was to acquire the theory or theoretical approach of Bahar, and discover and recognize the variables and components of the stylistic theory of him, categorization, hypothesized, and presenting a model based on it by the method and technique of qualitative-deep content analysis. According to the purpose, the works of the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar in the field of stylistics were studied based on purposeful sampling and theoretical saturation criteria. From the content of these works by deleting , adding,  modifying, and summarizing, 409 basic codes were obtained. Finally, during the three coding steps, a model of code was extracted that represents the two blocks "texture and context", and "stylistics"; It also shows the main hypothesis of how “texture and context" affect "style". The findings of this study showed that according to Bahar's view, "texture and context" has a significant impact on "style" and "stylistics", that this connection and influence has been neglected. Finally, the variables and concepts of his approach, as well as the relationships of these variables with each other are discovered and eventually lead to modeling, and reinforcing the assumption that he was a connoisseur in this field.
 

1.  Introduction

Contemporary Iranian literature and research should be a logical and rational continuation of our literary, cultural, and philosophical traditions. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize and study the theories, theoretical approaches, and insights into the great and pioneers of literary research in various fields. Therefore, the aim of the authors about style was to acquire the theory or theoretical approach of Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar, the prominent feature of modern Iranian stylistics. The antiquity of stylistic studies in Iran is seriously owed as an independent field due to the persistent and research efforts of the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar. Of course, in the biographies, texts of the past, and the poetry of the poets, we encounter synonymous and parallel words of "style", but this literature does not fully present the features and concepts hidden in the word "style". By studying the research literature, we find that Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar's Stylistics has not been properly studied and his theoretical stylistic approach has not been discovered and extracted yet.
Objective
 The aim of this study is to discover and recognize the variables and components of the stylistic theory of the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar in order to categorize, hypothesize, and present a model based on it. This study also proposes the method of qualitative content analysis in literary studies, especially stylistic studies, in order to better understand the views, background of thought, as well as the methodology of Persian language and literature.
Research Question(s)

• Is it possible to achieve his theoretical approach to style by analyzing the qualitative content of his works?
• Is it possible to find a model that supports theories of style in Persian to compensates for the theoretical deficit and poverty of the research in this field?
• Can the result of this research and related researches lead to a new method by scientific and research solution in literature?

 

2.  Literature Review

Research in the field of stylistics of Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar is either mixed with other literary techniques such as literary criticism, rhetoric and the history of literature or they do not match the standards of today's research. These studies have not yet introduced, defined and analyzed Bahar's theoretical approach to stylistics, and they have only referred to the whole book of Stylistics or without using a qualitative or even quantitative method, they have talked about only a few stylistic components. In this respect , it should refer to the article entitled "Style Theory in Iran" (2011) that only a limited part of it, is partially related to the subject of the present study. In this article, the author has tried to explain and critique the concept of style from the point of view of Iranian stylists. This brief analysis shows that the author has not made a qualitative or even quantitative analysis of Bahar's works on stylistics. Therefore, it cannot be expected that this article will fully express Bahar's theoretical approach to style. Other studies have not been written exactly in this field with the method of qualitative content analysis, and what has been written has not been done by the method of qualitative content analysis; articles such as “Stylistic of Maghamat-e Hamedani & Hariri Based on Buziman's Statistical Stylistics”(2015) and “Statistical Stylistics Mechanisms in Evaluation of Style”(2018) have used quantitative, descriptive and statistical methods for stylistics of texts, which is not the subject of discussion and opinion of this paper.

3.  Methodology

After studying and reflecting on the methodological issues of language and literature, the authors came to the conclusion that description and counting frequency do not lead to accurate results, rather, one should seek help from the text itself to obtain categories and components of macro-concepts, including "style" and "stylistic approach". For this reason, the method and technique of qualitative-deep content analysis were chosen, which has not been used in text analysis, especially literary research. For this purpose, MAXQDA and SPSS content analysis software were used.
 

4.  Conclusion

According to the purpose and method of research, the works of the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar in the field of stylistics were studied based on purposeful sampling and theoretical saturation criteria. 409 basic codes were obtained from the content of these works, by deletion, addition, modification, and summarization. Finally, during the three coding steps, a model of code was extracted that represents the two blocks "texture and context", and "stylistics"; It also shows the main hypothesis of how “texture and context" affect "style". The findings of this study showed that according to Bahar's view, "texture and context" has a significant impact on "style" and "stylistics" in Iran, that this connection and influence has been neglected or not explained logically and accurately in stylistic research so far. Finally, the variables and concepts of the theoretical stylistic approach of the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar, as well as the relationships of these variables with each other are discovered and eventually lead to modeling, and reinforcing the assumption that he was an expert in this field.

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Aims: The subject of urban façade’s identity is one of the most important problems of urban planning and design in the context of Iranian cities which is not the case in developing coutries. Despite discussion on urban façades identity crisis in academic circle and urban management, still there is a huge gap between current urban façades and the proper situation in practice. In this regard the aim of this research is to anwer why this gap exists and also to identify the key identity challenghes in the process of creating these urban façades in Tehran.  
Materials: This Paper stands on the author’s experience, library study and interview with some relevant expers. Through discussion with some experts in the field of architecture and urban design in some universities in Tehran and also from urban management authorities, effective groups on the identity of Tehran urban facades and how they impact have been recognized and analysed. 
Findings: Based on the research outcome there are four main effective groups on the formation of urban façades identity: citizens, investors, designers and urban managers. The contribution of each group in this identity challenge have been clarifies.  
Conclusion:  In order to improve this process, the first priority is raising awareness for all including citizens and investors. Moreover, inconsistency between professional practices and its payment needs to be solved. Finally, urban design matters such as combination of mass and space should be reproduced in urban management system.
 

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Self-employment is a crucially important subject in an economy, especially for a country with high unemployment rate. This paper studies the determinant factors of self employment in Iran during 1996-2006 using a panel data method. The results show that unemployment rate per province, the ratio of 15-65 age bracket to total population of the country, and the share of each province to total GDP aren't statically significant. While the ratio of urban population to total population for each province has a negative coefficient in self-employment equation, the ratio of R&D expenditure to GDP and literacy rate has a positive one.

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Nowadays, buildings are built without required separation distance as many engineers do not consider the building pounding effects. If adjacent buildings are not separated properly from each other, pounding can occur upon earthquake occurrence, and severe damages to the buildings can be observed even if they are well designed and constructed. Engineers should realize that building pounding is a serious hazard and it has to be considered during design and construction of buildings. There are many residential building complexes, service office, agencies, schools and hospital in cities around the world which are located next to each other as the cost of land is high. In this term, hospitals with emergency facilities and emergency centers have to be protected against the damages due to the significance of such structures prior and after earthquake. Many researchers have studied building pounding to calculate the dissipated energy and the impact force between two buildings during earthquake. For this challenge, they need to have a link element, which describes impact by using spring and dashpot. Several mathematical equations were suggested to calculate two mentioned parameters. In this paper, based on mathematic relation, a new relation of damping term of impact formula is simulated to measure impact force and energy dissipation. The results of this formula are compared with another suggested formula. As it was mentioned, different materials used in building constructions cause various dynamic behaviors during earthquake. Concrete structures are typically more rigid than steel structures in similar conditions. Consequently, lateral displacements of concrete buildings may also be less than lateral displacements of similar steel structures as stiffness of concrete buildings causes decrease in natural periods during earthquake. Naturally, large lateral nonlinear displacements under time history lateral loading in concrete structures may not be observed. Buildings can collide with adjacent buildings in left and right directions. For concrete buildings, however, the impact of pounding may be more significant than those on steel structures in most situations. Many researchers have suggested new relations in terms of impact to increase the dissipated energy. Based on mathematic relation, they showed that energy dissipation depends significantly on stiffness, impact velocity and coefficient of restitution. For this challenge, by using a suggested link element, a new formula is presented to calculate the impact force and energy dissipation. To optimize the results of dissipated energy, a new relation between CR and impact velocity is suggested. As it seems that it is a need to have a reference curve to select impact velocity based on coefficient of restitution, several impact velocity and CR were evaluated. Using this curve, all of results can be optimized. Finally, a new equation of motion is assumed to select the best impact velocity and coefficient of restitution.

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Nowadays, buildings are built without required separation distance as many engineers do not consider building pounding effects. If adjacent buildings are not separated properly from each other, pounding can occur upon earthquake occurrence, and severe damages to the buildings can be observed even if they are well designed and constructed. Engineers should realize that building pounding is a serious hazard and it has to be considered during design and construction of buildings. There are many residential building complexes, service office, agencies, schools and hospital in cities around the world which are located next to each other as the cost of land is high. In this term, hospitals with emergency facilities and emergency centers have to be protected against the damages due to the significance of such structures prior and after earthquake. Many researchers have studied building pounding to calculate the dissipated energy and the impact force between two buildings during earthquake. For this challenge, they need to have a link element, which describes impact by using spring and dashpot. Several mathematical equations were suggested to calculate two mentioned parameters. In this paper, based on mathematic relation, a new relation of damping term of impact formula is simulated to measure impact force and energy dissipation. The results of this formula are compared with another suggested formula. As it was mentioned, different materials used in building constructions cause various dynamic behaviors during earthquake. Concrete structures are typically more rigid than steel structures in similar conditions. Consequently, lateral displacements of concrete buildings may also be less than lateral displacements of similar steel structures as stiffness of concrete buildings causes decrease in natural periods during earthquake. Naturally, large lateral nonlinear displacements under time history lateral loading in concrete structures may not be observed. Buildings can collide with adjacent buildings in left and right directions. For concrete buildings, however, the impact of pounding may be more significant than those on steel structures in most situations Many researchers have suggested new relations in terms of impact to increase the dissipated energy. Based on mathematic relation, they showed that energy dissipation depends significantly on stiffness, impact velocity and coefficient of restitution. For this challenge, by using a suggested link element, a new formula is presented to calculate the impact force and energy dissipation. To optimize the results of dissipated energy, a new relation between CR and impact velocity is suggested. As it seems that it is a need to have a reference curve to select impact velocity based on coefficient of restitution, several impact velocity and CR were evaluated. Using this curve, all of results can be optimized. Finally, a new equation of motion is assumed to select the best impact velocity and coefficient of restitution.

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Every project has many risks and as there are many complexities in projects today, recognizing the most important risks is essential for projects' success and efficiency. In this research, we tried to determine most significant risk's categories in the framework of risk breakdown structure of 4th edition of Project Management Body of Knowledge Guide that can be generalize to all projects in Iran. With considering dependencies and interactive relations between risks of project, we used DEMATEL method to determine the most significant project risk's categories on the basis of risk breakdown structure of 4th edition of Project Management Body of Knowledge Guide. Also fuzzy set theory was applied to measure experts' subjective judgments, experts who have rich expertise and knowledge in Iranian projects were selected to evaluate the influences. The results revealed that "External", "Technical", "Project Management" and "Organizational" risks are significant and in the most important risk's category which is "External", "Regulatory" risks and in "Technical", "Project Management" and "Organizational" risks, "Technology", "Estimating" and "Project Dependencies" are the most important risks respectively and should be paid more attention because they were in the first rank of importance.