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This study employs graph theory to analyze the semantic network of Persian verbs among bilingual speakers. Situated within the frameworks of cognitive linguistics, lexical semantics (cognitive semantics), and computational linguistics, the research involves administering a questionnaire comprising 50 basic Persian verbs to participants, asking them to map the conceptual and intra-linguistic relationships between these verbs.The primary objective is to identify the most robust and frequent conceptual and intra-linguistic links among these verbs and to provide a detailed description of the graph structure constructed by bilingual speakers. The study seeks to address the question: What typology of conceptual and intra-linguistic relations is reflected in the graph patterns of non-Persian-speaking Iranians? The working hypothesis posits that semantic relations such as synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, and collocation will manifest in this network.The methodology is field-based, and the instrument used is a localized questionnaire. Participants were instructed to diagrammatically represent any semantic relationships among the verbs provided.The findings demonstrate that the semantic graph constructed by Iranian bilinguals exhibits semantic relations such as synonymy (6.45%), reverse antonymy (34.94%), polysemy (7.79%), entailment (11.01%) (comprising "type-of" relations at 8.60% and "part-of" relations at 2.41%), as well as intra-linguistic collocation (28.22%). Among these, collocation, entailment, and antonymy were the most frequent relations, respectively. 

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Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a major public health problem leading to chronic pain and increased years lived with disability This study aimed to assess lifestyle behavioral management in patients with Knee osteoarthritis among Iranian patients up to 6 months.
Methods and Materials: This study conducted at the Rheumatology Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) in Tehran, Iran. In this educational controlled trial study, 130 eligible participants took part in control group (n = 66) and received just prescribed medications, or intervention group (n = 64) who received the lifestyle behavioral management plus medication. The program involved three two-hour and two one-hour group sessions over a one-week period. Data based on demographic characteristics and risky behaviors questionnaire as well as Functional Knee Assessment Test (FKAT) were collected at initial, 3-, and 6-month follow ups and analyzed by using SPSS₁₈.
Results: Of 130 participants, five individuals from intervention and eight individuals from control group were excluded over 6 months. Totally, 117 eligible participants in two groups of intervention (n = 59), and control (n = 58) completed the study. The mean age of participants in intervention and control group at base line was 59. 03 ± 6. 13 and 57. 85 ± 9. 31 years respectively. Despite being the same at initial time (P > 0. 05), Repeated Measure ANOVA test showed Significantly better improved disability in intervention group over time (P < 0. 001). Compared with control group, preventive behaviors were improved significantly in intervention group (P < 0. 05)
Conclusions: This study revealed that the multidisciplinary program could significantly reduce risky behaviors and disability up to six months in intervention group. Thus, due to lack of lifestyle behavioral management in health care system of Iran, to embedding this program into clinical practice for managing knee OA pain is recommended.

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Background: This study is an extended follow up of the original trial study (NCT00600197) that has been published in the clinical journal of pain. This trial aimed to explore if the proposed multidisciplinary program could improve quality of life and disability of the patients suffering from chronic low back up to 36 months. Methods and Material: In this Clinical Randomized trial seventy percent (139 of 197) of the participants who had taken part in the original study including 66 patients in intervention group and 73 patients in control group were followed up to 36 months after intervention. The intervention group continued receiving monthly motivational consultation and booster classes plus oral medication but the other group received just medication. Data on measures of Short Form 36 (SF-36) Quebec Disability Scale (QDS) and Ronald Morris Disability (RDQ) were collected at 3-6-12-18-24-30- and 36-month follow ups and analyzed through RMANOVA. Results: The 2 groups were comparable regarding all baseline characteristics (P > 0.05) except for education level that was better in intervention group (P = 0.01). Two groups were improved regarding all studied variables over time up to 36 month (P < 0.001) Moreover the intervention group in comparison with the control group had consistently better outcomes regarding all variables. There were no significant differences within each group by time in terms of all variables (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The proposed multidisciplinary program could reduce low back pain and improve quality of life and disability up to 36 months in chronic low back pain patients.

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Background: Today, chronic low back pain is one of the growing worldwide problems, which caused in the reduction of individuals’ physical, mental, and social functions. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of training programs on functional disability in female patients with low back pain after 6month follow-up of the training intervention strategies.
Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study was carried out in rheumatology research center of Tehran University of Medical Science. A total of 27 female patients suffering from low back pain participated in this study. All the participants were divided into groups of 6 to 8 members and provided with a 4-hour training session of physiotherapy and psychology, followed by telephone counseling after one and two months. In order to collect required data and evaluate females’ functional disability, two questionnaires were employed: Roland-Morris Disability Assessment Questionnaire (RDQ) and Quebec Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (QDS). The questionnaires were completed at the beginning of the study-as the pretest, and 6-month follow up as the posttest. Data were analyzed through paired samples t-test using SPSS software version 16. A significant level of P< .05 was considered to compare the information.
Results: The results of the current study show that during the 6 months intervention program, the physical disability was significantly improved in terms of two aforementioned scales.
Conclusion: It seems that training intervention program along with the follow-up and phone counseling have significant effects on improving physical function of patients with chronic low back pain.

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The most common type of muscular-skeletal disorders among health care worker is low back pain (LBP). This study aimed to investigate the effects of an educational program based on the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) on low back pain severity in healthcare workers in hospitals located in Qom, Iran. In this interventional research study, 125 nursing aides were divided into two experimental and control groups. Data gathering instruments were a demographic questionnaire and a questionnaire based on the predictor constructs of SCT. For the intervention group, training was administered by health education specialist in four 2-hour sessions In each session discussion regarding self-efficacy, self-control, outcome reinforcement, and emotional coping were taken into account carefully, respectively. Data were analyzed SPSS version18.0, IBM Corp.

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Archetype is the common experience of mankind that has remained of distant past in collective unconscious. Because human experiences are abundant, we can not be identify the number of archetypes, but the most significant archetypes are: anima, animus, self, persona, shadow, wise old man and mother. Sacrifice is one of the major archetypes that have been institutionalized in the collective unconscious of most humans. In psychoanalyst viewpoint, sacrifice is one of the defensive mechanisms of humans against the demands of the id that leads to social interest. Archetypes are shown in dreams, imagination and illusions. Art (especially literature), is one of the main manifestations of archetypes. Sacrifice and its features can be found in the large number of artworks. In this paper, we investigated the archetype of the "Sacrifice" in Hallaj, in "Hallaj's poetry" of Mohammadreza Shafiei Kadkani, and "Hallaj's requiem" of Adonis, and presented a mythical criticism of them. 

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Aim: This is a cross- sectional study to assess low back pain preventive behaviors among Iranians nursing aides who provide direct patient care in hospitals. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) comprise significant occupational injuries and disabilities within the nursing profession. Studies show that implementing a safe patient handling can prevent low back pain among nursing aides. Methods: This study was conducted in Qom (Iran) in 2015 with a sample of 452 eligible nursing aides working in six educational hospitals affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected by a researcher-developed questionnaire with 29 questions in two sections of demographic questions (17 items), and low back pain preventive behaviors were adopted from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines for nurses (12 items). Findings: Totally, 452 nursing aides suffering from chronic low back pain participated in the study, which included 289 males (63.9%) and 163 females (36.6%) with mean age of 37.71 (SD = 8.3) years. The mean score of applying low back pain preventive behaviors was 32.9 ± 7.7. Fifty nine participants (13.1%) had poor behavior scores, 251 participants (55.5 %) obtained average scores, and 142 participants (31.4 %) achieved acceptable scores due to their preventive behaviors. The majority of the studied nursing aides (68.6%) did not consistently perform safe patient handling. Conclusion: This study showed that most nursing aides had low preventive behaviors regarding maintaining their body mechanics. Thus, evaluating the causes of failing to do safe behaviors /safe patient handling  is strongly recommended in Iran.

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Background: Rapid test and conventional ELISA are common immunological assays used for the detection of HIV infection. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence rate of   HIV infection by rapid test used for screening HIV infection and then confirmed the positive cases with ELISA and western blot tests.
Materials and Methods: In this analytical descriptive study, 1964 out of 6923 patients who were referred to the Consult Center of Behavior Diseases, West Health Center (Valfajr Clinic), Iran University of Medical Sciences were subjected to rapid test for screening HIV infection from July 2012 to September 2014.
Results: Thirty seven out of 1964(1.88%) cases were confirmed as positive by rapid HIV test. All of the positive cases confirmed by rapid test were also confirmed as positive by ELISA and western blot tests. According to the data analysis of this study, among people diagnosed as HIV positive using rapid test, 12(32.4%) cases had unsafe heterosexual contact, followed by 10 (27%) cases of IDUs with a history of prison, shared injection, and unsafe heterosexual contact.
Conclusion:  The use of rapid test as a screening test for diagnosing HIV infection and the confirmation of all the positive and suspected negative cases by the ELISA test or western blot is recommended. 

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Aim: Nursing has obtained the second rank regarding Work – Related MusculoSkeletal Disorders (WRMSDs). This study aimed to assess if self –efficacy could be the best predictor for back Pain Prevention Behavior among health care workers.
Method and Instruments:
In this cross-sectional study, 452 healthcare workers who were working in different wards of the 6 general hospitals affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected through convenience sampling method. Data were collected through 3 scales such as demographic questionnaire, Work Related Low Back Pain Predictors Questionnaire (WRLBPPQ) and a checklist for assessing the preventive behaviors of spinal damage and analyzed through descriptive and analytic tests through SPSS version 16.
Finding: A total of 452 individuals participated in the study (289 males and 163 females) with a mean age of 37± 8.3 years. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that self-efficacy was the most important predictor for back Pain Prevention Behavior (Standardized Coefficients: 0.218, P value < 0.0001)
Conclusion: The results of this study can be used to develop an education program based on self-efficacy training/promoting among healthcare workers.
 

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Abstract
Research subject: The combustion of fossil fuels to supply energy produces large amounts of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide emissions have led to rising global temperature and many natural disasters, including floods, hurricanes, rising sea levels, and widespread droughts, that threaten ecological systems and human life. Therefore, the uptake and removal of carbon dioxide from sources or the environment play a key role in countering the threat of global warming.
Research approach: In this study, a venturi scrubber was utilized to eliminate CO2 from the air stream on a semi-industrial scale. The effects of different parameters including inlet air flow rate to the venturi scrubber, solvent flow rate, and solvent loss during the scrubbing process were investigated on CO2 absorption by a nanofluid solvent containing iron oxide/water at the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) as a surface-active material.
Main results: The surface-active material of TMAH prevents the agglomeration of nanoparticles in the base fluid and stabilizes the fluid. The maximum efficiency of absorption and the highest molar flux of CO2 were achieved when iron oxide nanoparticles were used along with graphene nanosheets with the ratios of iron oxide nanoparticles (25%) and graphene nanosheets (75%) at the presence of TMAH surface-active material due to their nature. The reason is the better agitation (of the solution) by iron oxide nanoparticles that results in an increased displacement of graphene nanosheets. The random Brownian movements of nanoparticles create micron size eddies that increase mass transfer at the gas-liquid interface. In addition, molar flux and CO2 gas absorption efficiency decreased by increasing the concentration of nanoparticles.
Keywords: Hybrid nanofluid; Venturi scrubber; Gas absorption; Iron oxide nanoparticles; Graphene nanosheets

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The movement as known as to occupy Wall Street is a protest against the crisis of capitalism in the modern age. The Wall Street movement that began in New York, has been Inspired similar movements across the world and it was widespread very quickly over to other cities of America and some big cities in Europe. This movement has been relatively diffuse slogans which reflect the goals of the movement. The purpose of this article is to review and analyze the slogans of Wall Street movement that was proposed in the Wall street of New York and respectively social networks. The main question proposed in this study is what the nature and type of movement is and what kind of dimensions are included in values and ideologies. This study is done by content Analysis Method, slogans are collected from social networks, news sites and media that covered the movement. The slogans based on protest are divided to four categories the economic, political, social and cultural. The results show that among the 100 slogans, there are 260 themes. 105 (40.38%) themes of slogans focuses on changing the economic sphere. 68 (15/26%) themes are political slogans criticism.18.46 percent of slogans contents shows protest against the social sphere and 15 percent of themes, calling for reform and change in the cultural sphere. Based on the findings of this research, it can be inferred that this movement has more reform character and it is a reaction to the recent crisis of the capitalist system.  

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Abstract
Folk beliefs, which are an integral element of the culture of a society, have an inextricable link with myth. To analyze such beliefs, it is imperative to investigate the mythological era and understand the ideas of the ancient time about the phenomena in the universe. It can be said that many of the rituals that are prevalent in people's daily lives today, are actually the mythical beliefs that have changed over time. Shifting from myth to ritual, preserving their mythological underpinnings, they have become folk beliefs, though they might have had major or minor changes. Among folk beliefs that have significant mythical representations, three rituals stand out: "marriage with a fountain", "breaking an egg to ward off a wound", and "passing a patient through a wall hole" that have been common among various Iranian ethnic groups for a long time. The present article, using a descriptive-analytic method, has rooted the three beliefs and explained their connection with myths. The findings show that all three of these rituals have a mythical origin; that is to say, the marriage with the springs is a remnant of the myth of sacrificing for the springs in order to please the owner of the water. After the shift from myth to ritual, it has turned into marriage with the spring. The egg-breaking ritual is also associated with the myth of the Seed of the Universe and it can be interpreted as the regeneration of the first creation. Finally, passing the patient through the wall hole is a reminiscent of returning to the womb and repeating the idea of birth. From the mythological perspective, this is a pure and ideal moment for the sake of its divinity.  

Keywords: Myth; folk beliefs; sacrifice; early creation; return to womb.
 
Research Background

Several studies on the relationship between myth and various elements of popular culture have been conducted. Among them, one can mention the following: Mozaffarian (2012) has examined the relationship between myths and folk tales. Parsansab and Manavi (2013) have dealt with the evolution of the "crow" from myth to popular culture. Mousavi and Spargham (2010) have criticized the mythology of the story "Orange and bergamot girl" and examined the cultural backgrounds of the use of orange, bergamot, and pomegranate in this story. In his article, Mokhtarian (2005) has tried to classify fairy tales based on myths. Motevaseli (2016) examined various aspects of the place of myths in the Persian folk literature.

Aims, questions, assumptions

The purpose of this study is to explain the origins of the myths of the three popular beliefs: "marriage with the spring", "breaking the egg to repel the sore eye" and "passing the patient through the hole in the wall". Therefore, in this article, we intend to answer these questions: Are the traces of the popular beliefs mentioned in this article traceable in mythology as well? Does the mythical position of these beliefs only belong to Iran? What is the mythical view behind these beliefs? The roots of the popular beliefs studied in this article refer to the ancient and distant mythology, which is one of the common intellectual commonalities in many parts of the world. The belief in the myth of sacrifice for the spring through marriage to the spring lies in the concept of reconstruction in the ritual of breaking an egg and returning to the ideal moment of creation via passing the patient through the hole in the wall.

Discussion

In all eras, myths play role in people's lives and they have stayed with us in the form of certain beliefs and rituals. Some of these myths are so ancient that it is not easy to reveal their presence in the current human beliefs and practices; however, they are prevalent in the popular beliefs and rituals, though people might not be conscious of them. Nonetheless, we find that their origin is the mythical beliefs and pristine thought of the primitive man. For this reason, popular beliefs are the best manifestation of ancient and mythical beliefs in our era, which directly/indirectly display mythical thoughts. According to some scholars, various elements of popular culture, such as stories, myths, and popular beliefs are the degraded and surviving form of the ancient myths in which mythological sanctity has faded (Bastid, 1991, pp. 42-46).

One of these popular beliefs is the ritual of marrying a spring, which is rooted in the ancient myths and expresses the mythical interest of snakes or dragons in girls and women. The ancient people believed that myths were used as a trick to satisfy dragons in order to release water; thus, marrying a spring is a technique of proximity, meaning marrying a dragon near the spring.

Another popular belief, the ritual of breaking an egg to repel a sore eye is another case in point. Since in many parts of the world myths are the origin of the creation of the primordial and cosmic eggs, in the mythology of myth and the rites of the people, the breaking of an egg is reminiscent of the first creation. It confirms the return to the beginning of creation and the primary health.

Another popular belief is the ritual of passing the patient through the hole. The organizers of this ritual have one goal: Imitation and repetition of labor (passing through the hole). Their main purpose of the ritual is to pass the patient through the hole, which means a new birth, resuscitation, and treatment of the patient through a new birth and return to the womb.

Conclusion

The results of the research show that myths and popular beliefs have a deep relationship with each other, and the main source of the beliefs we have today is the mythical ideas of the ancients. Although the passage of time has created changes in myths, according to the mythology, they have been manifested in the form of public rituals and beliefs in our current era. Understanding the mythological origins of popular beliefs is the key to understanding the myriad questions that have arisen regarding such beliefs. In this study, it was found that the ritual of marriage with the spring is the same evolutionary form of the myth of sacrificing water for the client in order to escape the drought. The ritual of breaking an egg to repel sore eye is rooted in the myth of the cosmic egg; because many ancient tribes believe that with the breaking of the cosmic egg that floated in absolute darkness, the universe was created; so, this egg is the beginning of creation. The patient's passing through a hole in a wall, mountain, or tree, which is done to cure the disease, is related to the myth of returning to the womb and the initial birth. It means taking the sick person to the past and the moment of birth when s/he came out healthy and undamaged from the mother's womb.

References

•  Bastid, R. (1991). Mythical knowledge (translated into Farsi by Jalal Sattari). Tehran: Toos.
•  Matevasoli, N. (2016). Study of the place of myths in Persian folk literature. Indexed on the Ittehad Khabar website under the supervision of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. Published: 20/ Nov /2016. Visited: 22/June /2020.
•  Mokhtarian, B. (2005). The proposed model for classifying fairy tales based on myths. Anthropology Letter, 4(8), 119-139.
•  Mousavi, M. & Spargham, S. (2010). Critique of the mythology of the story of the orange girl and the bergamot and the study of the cultural background of the use of orange, bergamot and pomegranate in this story. Literary Criticism, 3(11-12), 233-255.
•  Mozaffarian, F. (2012). Folk myths and tales. Quarterly Journal of Mystical Literature and Mythology, 8(28), 213-247.
•  Parsansab, M. & Manavi, M. (2013). The evolution of the crow from myth to popular culture. Journal Public Culture and Literature, 1(1), 71-92.

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Concepts, in each language are signs that indicate meanings. They are usually made by humans and often affected by various factors. Some of the most important of these concepts, which have changed, are the "Ra'iyat" and "Raa'" words, which were used in the words of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) for the first time. But gradually they have undergone the change in the context of the fluctuation of political semantics, so discourse of the negative pattern of the pastoral rule has been created.
Considering the importance of these political words, the effect of their meaning change, the Importance of Citizenship Rights and its Relationship with these concepts can raise the following question: How to understand these concepts based on cognitive semantics, and what are their true meanings in politics? The purpose of this article is to explain the Cognitive semantic of the Prophet's Hadith in order to understand the truth of the pastoral discourse. The findings, which are based on an analytical approach of Prophetic hadith "Kollokom Raa' " through library data and conceptual metaphor theory of G. Lakoff & M. Johnson explain the use of these concepts in the context of Hadith as a conceptual structural metaphor having Meaningful and abstract sense of guard and "Re'ayat"(respect) and "Mora'at"(observance). Pastoral discourse (Raa’) is therefore the result of the acceptance of the responsibility and realization of the rights of citizenship on the basis of the substance and essence of citizens and is based on the discourse of domination and despotism.