Showing 35 results for Fallahi
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2013)
Abstract
In order to determine effects of chicken and cattle manures in culture of Chlorococcum, an experiment was designed in six treatments including; 0.1, 0.4, 0.8 g/l of chicken manure and 0.1, 0.4, 0.8 g/l of cattle manure as completely randomize design with three replicates for 28 days. Results showed that the mean maximum density (87.1 × 105 cell/ml), specific growth rate (0.054 day-1), algal dry biomass (0.644 g/l), and chlorophyll a (9.42 mg/l) were obtained with 0.8 mg/l chicken manure. In order to compare performance of these manures with other culture media, second experiment with five treatments including; BBM (control) (Bold’s Basal Medium), BBM + soil extract, 0.8 g/l chicken manure, 0.8 g/l cattle manure and mixture of all treatment (BBM, BBM + soil extract, chicken manure and cattle manure) was designed as completely randomize design with three replicates for 15 days. Comparative results showed that BBM + soil extract had highest algal density (11.6 x 106 cells/ml), highest algal dry biomass (0.81 mg/ml), maximum SGR (0.13 /day), highest chlorophyll a (10.15 mg/l) and minimum doubling time (4.97 days). In conclusion, performance of BBM + soil extract was better in terms of biomass and growth parameters of Chlorococcum.
Volume 1, Issue 1 (Winter 2021)
Abstract
Athir al-Dīn al-Abharī was the only Avicennan logician who denied the validity of conditional syllogism. He was also the first who doubted in the validity of conversion and contraposition of conditionals and dispensed with them. In the contemporary era, after 1968, some logical consequence systems have evolved under the title ‘Conditional Logic’, which rejected the validity of the same rules. A similarity between al-Abharī’s system and these contemporary’s is in their commitment to Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens. Analyzing the reasons that the two groups provided for denying conditional syllogism reveals that their rejections were rooted in their novel interpretations of ‘strict conditional’. On al-Abjarī’s view, the strict conditional ‘whenever A then B’ means that ‘A implies B in all assumptions in which the implication between A and B is possible’. On the contemporary conditional logicians’ view, the conditional proposition ‘if A then B’ in natural languages means that ‘other things being equal, A implies B’. The two interpretations are common in the fact that in addition to the assumption of antecedent, they both assume matters which are somehow related to the antecedent, and this is the common root for both groups to deny the validity of conditional syllogism.
Volume 1, Issue 3 (Issue 3 & 4 - 2013)
Abstract
Aim: Oral health is one of the most important parts of public health which significantly affects on quality of life. The purpose of this study is to assess the socio-economic statues as well as oral health behaviors among a sample of Iranian students studying in elementary level. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which was conducted from April 2012 to November 2012. Data obtained from a face-to-face interviews with students studying in elementary schools of Chahbahar, Iran. Considering inclusion criteria, 300 eligible students were selected through a two - stage random cluster sampling. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using SPSS version 11.5. Finding: Totally 300 students who studying in grade four or five of elementary schools took part in the study. The mean age of subjects was (11± 2.81). Of all students, 11/7% (n = 35) never brush their teeth, 18% (n=54) never floss and 20% (n= 62) never used mouth wash. Furthermore, 94 students (31%) of students had no dental visits regularly. As the results showed, there were significant relationship between lower parents’ educational level (P=0.02), not to access to dental caries services (P=0.04) and lower income (P=0.03) and reasons for not doing oral health behaviour. Conclusion: According the results of this study the students who were in lower socio economic levels, doing less dental healthy behaviors.
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2013)
Abstract
Supply chain Integration importance leads to this believe that some scholars express that the whole concept of supply chain management is derived from integration. Providing the basis for creation and effective continuation of supply chain management requires the recognition of main factors affecting the integration. Studies reveal that the organizations with higher levels of social capital are more successful than their rivals. So, the purpose of this study is to surveying Social Capital Influence on Supply Chain Integration. Considering the purpose, this study is applied research, and based on its research methodology, it is a correlation descriptive, and it is specifically based on the structural equation models. The population consisted of 435 organizations in food industry of Fars province in Iran, and via employing stratified sampling, 124 executives related to supply chain management were selected and the questionnaires were distributed and collected data were analyzed. This model suggests that five factors influence Supply Chain Integration, and the purpose of the research was to investigate the influence of social capital on these factors. The results indicated that the social capital has positive and direct relation with integration, communication pattern, trust and commitment and has no direct relation with power and attitude.
Volume 4, Issue 1 (Winter 2024)
Abstract
Human life is self-founded and should not be reduced to a right. Supporting human life in various dimensions is the goal of rights. Since the human embryo has a human nature -which is also accepted by the supporters of the theory of personhood- and has life, only this life must be supported, and the embryo has a chance to survive. What is the fact that the relationship between parents and fetus-child is not a proprietary bond? Being a person is not an inherent characteristic in the definition of human nature, and the support of the existence of a human being should not be reduced to his being a person. Protection of human life is the basis of the criminalization of murder, and abstract characteristics such as personhood do not play a role in the inclusion of this crime.
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2015)
Abstract
The antibiotic properties of eight cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) species from Anzali Wetland was investigated on several bacterial species through vacuum distillation and simple mechanical methods. The result showed that Anabaena sp., A. variabilis, A. flos-aquae and Aphanizomenonflos-aquaehad negative effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureusandA. flos-aquaeand A. oscillaroideshad negative effects on the growth of E. coli. The growth of Candida albicans yeast was greatly reduced by Aphanizomenonflos-aquae, A. variabilis, and A. oscillaroides. Among the investigated algae only A. oscillaroides could reduce the growth of Pseudomonassp.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (No.1 (Tome 17), (Articles in Persian) 2014)
Abstract
As a light verb, the verb “∫odan” contributes in the structure of a wide range of verbs and forms different applied concepts, including the expression of the change of state. In the French language, there are many different verbs and structures, which could be known as equivalents of the verb “∫odan” for expressing the change of state. Therefore, incorrect use of any of these equivalents is a great concern for Iranian learners, and usually leads to misunderstandings. This paper will firstly study the two verbs, “∫odan” and “devenir” in Persian and French languages, respectively. Then we will introduce the equivalents of the verb “∫odan” in French language. Next the verb “devenir” will be studied in contrast with other French verbs, which express the change of state. Finally, the aspectual values of the verb “∫odan” and its equivalents in French language will be dealt with.
Volume 6, Issue 2 (Spring 2018)
Abstract
Aims: Self-directed learning is an essential skill to promote stable learning. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation betweeen the dimensions of constructivist and self-directed learning environments among the students of medical sciences.
Instruments and Methods: The present descriptive-analytical research was conducted in 2016, using a multistage sampling among students, who studied Health, Paramedical Sciences, Nursing, and Midwifery in associate, bachelor, master, and doctoral degrees and students of Medicine and Dentistry in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. The 365 students were randomly classified in each school and the data were gathered by Wiliamson's self-directed questionnaire and Taylor et al.'s constructivist learning environment questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS 21 Software. Along with independent t-test, correlation coefficient, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's test was used as the post-hoc test.
Findings: A significant correlation was found between the dimensions of constructivist learning environment and self-directed learning skills. There was a significant relationship between self-directed learning skills and the students' interest in their own fields of study. Also, a significant statistical relationship was found between self-directed skills and the gender of the students. In terms of the mean of the self-directed learning, there was a significant difference among the studied schools. There was a significant relationship between the schools of Nursing and Medicine, between the schools of Health and Nursing and between the schools of Medicine and Nursing.
Conclusion: Constructivist learning environment affects the performance of students in self-directedness learning.
Volume 7, Issue 1 (Winter 2019)
Abstract
Aims: Despite the importance of adherence in increasing efficacy of treatment, controlling osteoporosis, and reducing costs of treatment, compliance with osteoporosis medications is less than expected. The aim of this study was to determine treatment adherence among women with osteoporosis.
Participants and Methods: This qualitative research was conducted in Sanandaj, Iran in 2016.
Participants were chosen through purposeful sampling method. Fifteen women with age 50 years and over, diagnosed with osteoporosis for at least 6 months, T-score below -2.5, and previously prescribed osteoporosis medication were selected. To understand the women’s views, semi-structured interviews were recorded, typed, and analyzed using content analysis. Criteria of credibility, confirmability, dependability and transformability were used in order to verify the accuracy and consistency of the data.
Findings: From data analysis, two main themes (Factors related to adherence and factors related to non-adherence) and 10 sub-themes (Social supports, motivational factors, symptomatology, medication side effects, psychological characteristics, economic status, cultural beliefs about illness and treatment, patient’s dissatisfaction, lack of knowledge, and medication factors) were identified.
Conclusion: Treatment adherence is multi-factorial including individual, psychological, social, economic, and cultural factors. Improving health literacy and increasing awareness about the benefits of medications may promote greater medication adherence and improve clinical outcomes for patients with osteoporosis.
Volume 7, Issue 1 (Winter 2019)
Abstract
Aims: Female employees are more prone to develop osteoporosis. Exercise is the main factor preventing osteoporosis and an efficient method to increase bone density. This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between health belief model constructs and stages of exercise behavior change in the prevention of osteoporosis among Iranian female employees.
Instruments & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Iran, in 2016. A total of 585 female employees were selected through multi-stage sampling. A three-part questionnaire, including demographic information, health belief model constructs and stages of exercise behavior change was completed by the participants through self-report. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software.
Findings: The findings showed that 64.1% of female employees had no exercise activity. Perceived benefits and perceived self-efficacy were directly correlated with cues to action external and cues to action internal, respectively (p<0.01). The means of perceived benefits, perceived self-efficacy and cues to action external showed statistically significant differences during the stages of exercise behavior change (p<0.05). In logistic regression, the remains of the influencing factors of exercise behavior were perceived self-efficacy and cues to action external.
Conclusion: Exercise activity among the female employees was low. Interventional studies seem necessary to be conducted to promote exercise behavior in female employees.
Volume 7, Issue 1 (Winter 2019)
Abstract
Aims: Schools health education can ensure the health of society and encourage health behaviors among the students. This study was carried out to explain the barriers of health education from the viewpoint of the school health trainers, using qualitative content analysis.
Participants & Methods: This qualitative study was conducted at the schools of Sanandaj, located in the west of Iran in 2016. Using purposive sampling, 15 school health trainers with health education experience were included in the study. The data were collected through individual interview, group discussion, observation, and field notes, and were analyzed by conventional content analysis. To ensure the accuracy and consistency of data, the acceptability, confirmability, and transferability parameters were taken into account.
Findings: The results yielded 5 major categories, including “shortage of educational facilities”, “poor educational planning”, “student’s challenges”, “trainer’s problems,” and “poor administrative system”.
Conclusion: Considering the barriers to health education programs at schools, authorities are required to pay more attention to promotion of health and inter-sectoral and extra-sectoral collaboration, as well as emphasizing the close relationship of home and school.
Volume 7, Issue 2 (Spring 2018)
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Diuron in vitro on the growth rate of Anabaena flos-aquae in order to determine the toxicity of diuron by calculating EC10, EC50, EC90, and MAC value for this alga to control flourishing in this phytoplankton.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, the growth rate of Anabaena flos-aquae was investigated under the influence of diuron. This experiment was conducted in 96 days with 6 treatments (0.0005, 0.009, 0.016, 0.03, 0.054, and 0.01 mg/l), 1 control group, and 3 repetitions of the treatments in 500cc Erlenmeyer flasks. The growth rate was measured, using cell counting, turbidimetric measurement, and chlorophyll a measurement methods. Then, achieved quantities of EC were used in four 500cc Erlenmeyer flasks and the concentration of algae was evaluated through cell counting in 24-hours periods during 96 hours. Using SPSS 17 software, one-way ANOVA was used to compare the increase percentages between different treatments.
Findings: Quantities of EC10, EC50, EC90, and Mac value of this toxicant for the algae according to chlorophyll a concentration were reported 0.006, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.001 mg/l, respectively. The frequency of Anabaena flos-aquae was significantly different in presence of concentrations obtained from EC indices and decreased sharply in EC90 quantities.
Conclusion: The use of diuron in the proposed concentrations reduces its risk from the perspective of toxicity and contamination of other components of the ecosystem and it is more effective in this group of algae.
Volume 7, Issue 2 (Spring 2019)
Abstract
Aims: Professional ethics plays an important role in all professions; however, it has more importance among faculty members of universities. The aim of the current study was to explore the components of professional ethics in teaching from the perspective of faculty members in Iran.
Participants & Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in Sanandaj, Iran, in 2017. Using purposive sampling, 15 faculty members of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences with educational experience were included in the study. Data were collected through individual interviews, group discussions, and field notes; and they were analyzed by conventional content analysis. To confirm the accuracy and strength of the data, acceptability, confirmability, and transferability factors were taken into account.
Findings: The results of data analyses yielded four major themes, including “characteristics of professors”, “professors' capabilities”, “protect of respects”, and “promoting the university”.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that in teaching, there are different aspects in the field of professional ethics of professors.
Volume 7, Issue 7 (No.7 (Tome 35), (Articles in Persian) 2016)
Abstract
The verb ʃodan (to become) is one of the most important and frequent grammatical elements in Persian language since it participates as a light verb in the construction of a main part of compound verbs expressing different aspectual values. One of these values is the telicity, the case in which its properties and recognition criteria have not been widely studied in Persian. The present research will firstly study some of the occurrences of compound verbs in which the verb in question is being used either in present perfect or in past perfect form. The study then will examine the properties which allow to recognize the telic aspect by focusing on verbal compounds of this verb that can take part in the expression of this aspect. In the end, this paper intends to verify the place and the function of the enunciation in expressing the telic aspect.
Volume 9, Issue 3 (Summer 2018)
Abstract
Aims: The important achievement of genetic analysis of Quantitative trait locus (QTLs) is to facilitate the investigation of the inheritance of simple Mendelian traits. The aim of this study was mapping genes controlling morphological traits in F3 Families caused by Becher×Kavir cross in barley.
Materials and Methods: In the present experimental research, in order to map QTLs, 103 F3 families caused by Becher×Kavir cross were cultivated in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications during 2014-2015. Number of germinated seeds, during the grain filling period, plant height, peduncle length, seed weight, and harvest index were evaluated. Linkage map was prepared, using SSR, iPBS, IRAP, and ISSR marker. QTLs were identified by QGENE 4.0 software and QTL analysis was performed by composite interval mapping.
Findings: The identified QTLs justified with load score of 2.007, 8.6% of variance of phenotype germinated seed number, score of 22.2, 9.5% variance of phenotype grain filling period, score of 2.74, 1.16% of variance of plant height, score of 2.19, 9.3% of the variance of the peduncle length, the score of 2.04, 8.7% of variance of the seed weight, and with the scores of 2.38, 2.38, and 2.16 justified 10.1, 10.1, and 9.2% of the variance of the harvest index, respectively.
Conclusion: There are one QTL on chromosome 6 and ISSR38-4 closely marker for number of germinated seeds, one QTL on chromosome 7 in iPBS2076-6-iPBS2085-1 distance of marker for during the grain filling period, one QTL on chromosome 2 in iPBS2083-3-HVBKASI distance of marker for plant height, one QTL on chromosome 6 and ISSR38-4 closely marker for peduncle length, one QTL on chromosome 3 in iPBS2075-5-ISSR38-7 distance of marker for seed weight, and 3 QTLs for harvest index, respectively.
Volume 9, Issue 3 (Summer 2021)
Abstract
Aims: We aimed to investigate the association between health beliefs and exercise behavior in infertile women at risk of developing osteoporosis.
Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Sanandaj city, west of Iran, in 2018. Four hundred and eighty-three infertile women were included in the study through convenience sampling from 35 comprehensive healthcare centers. Standardized face-to-face interviews were conducted using established and reliable instruments to assess exercise behavior and health beliefs. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 using Logistic regression models, Chi-square, independent t-test, and Pearson correlations.
Findings: Employed women compared to homemakers had substantially higher odds of adopting exercise behaviors (OR=3.19; 95% CI=1.53-6.66; p<0.01). Moreover, the odds of exercise behavior adoption increased with self-efficacy (OR=1.35; 95% CI=1.2-1.52; p<0.01), and decreased with perceived barriers (OR=0.9; 95% CI=0.84-0.97; p<0.01).
Conclusion: It is essential to increase perceived self-efficacy and reduce perceived barriers to promote exercise behaviors in infertile women. Consequently, health professionals should develop or adopt appropriate strategies to decrease barriers and increase self-efficacy to enhance exercise behaviors in this group of women.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (Fall 2021)
Abstract
Aims: The growing prevalence of fatty liver is a major threat to health. This study aimed to design and measure a psychometric scale on the fatty liver disease-related health beliefs in middle-aged Iranian people.
Instrument & Methods: This qualitative descriptive study was performed on middle-aged people referring to the Comprehensive Health Service Centers of Qorveh, Kurdistan Province, Iran, in 2020. An extensive literature review was performed, and interviews were done with people with fatty liver disease and experts in the field. The interviews were analyzed through a directed content analysis approach. The researchers applied an existing theory (health belief model) and designed and compiled 90 items.
Findings: Following evaluation of the face and content validity and obtaining item impact mora than 1.5, CVI more than 0.62, and validity mora than 0.79, a research scale with 57 items was designed. After exploratory factor analysis, 49 items with factor loading mora than 0.5 were confirmed, covering seven factors with a predictive power of 57.5. The reliability of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cue to internal action, cue to external action, and self-efficacy were 0.90, 0.89, 0.85, 0.81, 0.91, 0.86, and 0.88, respectively. The total reliability of the scale was also confirmed (Cronbach's alpha=0.92).
Conclusion: The designed scale has appropriate validity and reliability for measuring the health belief constructs associated with fatty liver in middle-aged people.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (Spring 2022)
Abstract
Aims: COVID-19 has affected a worldwide population, causing more than a million deaths from the end of 2019 until now; so the aim of this study was to determine the symptoms of COVID-19 in the Iranian population through a teleconsultation-based service to better deal with it.
Instrument & Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study that included 12125 individuals calling for COVID-19 screening and consultation from 2 March 2020 to 19 April 2020 with the census method. A telephone number was assigned for consultation with more than 70 nurses responding to first-level questions and more than 30 medical doctors responding to second-level questions. For statistical analysis, a chi-squared test and univariate logistic regression with SPSS 25 were used.
Finding: Cough was the most common complaint (41.3%), followed by shortness of breath (32.8%), and fever (31.5%). Confusion was the least common complaint (1.6%). Binary logistic regression revealed that men were at a higher risk of COVID-19 compared to women (OR:1.31, 95% CI 1.10-1.55, p=0.002). In addition, older age was a risk factor for COVID-19 (OR:1.02, 95% CI 1.02-1.03, p<0.001). Also, significant positive correlations were found between fever, chills, sore throat, shortness of breath, cough, body ache, and gastrointestinal symptoms with COVID-19 even after adjustment for gender and age.
Conclusion: Fever, cough, and shortness of breath were the most common complaints in individuals calling for COVID-19 teleconsultation. It’s suggested that in times of crisis, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, remote sensing can be done to raise public awareness and break the transmission chain.
Volume 11, Issue 3 (10-2011)
Abstract
Increasing overall liberalization and improving reliability indexes are the two prime but often conflicting objectives of electricity markets. Proper embedding of regulatory intervention of price caps provides an effective means to tradeoff between these two objectives. Surprisingly, in the context of the infinitely repeated game paradigm, as in the case of actual electricity markets, the dominance of tacit collusion and capacity withholding highlights the role of non-pivotal firms in frustrating price caps and deteriorating reliability indexes. An agent-based simulation framework is proposed to evaluate both individual behavior of non-pivotal firms within the market and the emergent collusive behavior arising from interaction between firms. Mathematically speaking, to put the capacity withholding into action, we propose embedding a hybrid-control problem in the supply function equilibrium (SFE) modeling assumptions. As a consequence, non-pivotal firms are granted supply curves with vertical segments that obviate the slope constraint of the SFE modeling. A simulation using the generation portfolio of the Iranian electricity industry illuminates the impacts of tacit collusion on reliability indexes.
Firouz Fallahi, Behzad Salmani, Simin Kiani,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (Winter 2012 2013)
Abstract
This paper examines the existence of β-Convergence between per-capita incomes of selected Islamic countries. For this purpose, data over the period 1965-2006 and a time series approach proposed by Vogelsang (1998) are applied. Robustness of the estimated parameters to the presence of unit roots and/or serial correlations in the residuals is the main advantage of this method. The results show that per-capita income of most countries is converging to the average per-capita income of the selected Islamic countries, which provide evidence of β-Convergence. Cameroon, Indonesia, Malaysia, Niger, Chad, and Togo are the countries that have shown some forms of divergence either before the break date or after that. The estimated break dates are clustered and mostly related to the energy shocks in 1974, 1979, and 1986.
