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Separate or combined effects of inulin and mannan oligosaccharide supplements on the growth, survival, body composition and salinity resistance of kutum roach (Rutilus frisii kutum) fry (410 ± 19 mg)  were investigated for 45 days in 40-liter tanks containing 30 individuals. Fish were fed 7 to 12% body weight with a commercial diet (35% protein and 12% lipid) supplemented with 0 (control), 5 g kg^-1 inulin, 5 g kg^-1 MOS and 2.5 g kg^-1 inulin + 2.5 g kg^-1 MOS in a totally randomized design trial in triplicate.  A general enhanced growth performance and feed efficiency were observed in fish fed on diet containing 5 g kg^-1 MOS (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in survival rate among treatments (p>0.05). NO significant difference was observed in body composition, but protein and lipid contents in the whole body increased in fish fed with 5 g kg^-1 MOS and control group. In general, the fish fed 5 g kg^-1 MOS had the highest survival index after 48 hours exposed to salinity stress (15 ppt). Results showed 5 g kg^-1 MOS could improve growth performance, survival and salinity stress resistance of kutum fry.

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Novels created by women in recent years are similar in many aspects like plot, point of view, character, etc. This paper tries to analyze and compare the theme of four novels written by female novelists. It seems that in these four novels, there are many proportion in themes and motifs. To achieve this aim, we first explain the theme and then analyze the theme of novels in the two aspects of theme and motif. The results showed that the theme and motif of the novels are too similar. The main reason behind such similarities is similar discourse of the creators of these novels.    

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This research has accomplished answering following question, what is the suitable model of customer equity what are the relationship between its variables. Survey method used for data gathering and data analyzed using correlation method. The statistical population consisted of Tehran branches Keshavrzi banks customers, which 384 samples selected using stratified sampling method and Krejcie and Morgan table. We used questionnaire for data gathering and LISREL software for data analyzing. Findings show that research model has three independent variables which are value equity, bran equity and relationship equity and two dependent variables which are customer equity and purchase intention. Also, the results depicted that relationship equity and value equity has greater effect on customer equity and brand equity does not have direct significant effect on customer equity. Also, customer equity drivers does not have any significant effect on customer purchase intention.        

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Aim: Every year, a huge number of incidents of irreparable damage to personnel and industries occur, most of which are predictable with identifying hazards as well as risk assessment and control. Therefore, in order to prevent occupational accidents, the automotive industry is one of the top priorities for evaluating and identifying the hazards.
Methods: The purpose of this study is to identify, control and rank the hazards of actions and processes in the hazardous automotive industry. This descriptive-analytical study was carried out in 2017 in one unit of Iran Khodro Company by using FMEA method. Also to accurately assess the health risks and make decisions for corrective actions to prioritize hazard risks, Wiliam Fine and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) methods were used, respectively.
Findings: In this research, a list of 301 risks in 7 units including cutting line, assembly line, prototyping and modification, manufacturing, packaging, quality control, laboratory, and repair and maintenance were provided. The results of FMEA method indicated that the highest risk priority number (RPN) is related to the risks of particle swirling in grinding operations (336). Moreover, based on the results of William Fine method, the exposure to noise in the Kissing & Wessich Sersim Strandbauft operation was rated at 540 and 500, respectively, with the highest risk of evaluation. The risk of exposure to noise (Kicking operation) with a relative weight of 0/1904 was ranked the first.
Conclusion: The results of the hazard analysis showed that the effect of noise pollution that leads to hearing impairment in the staff is very high.

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Home is the space which man lives in. The man along with families will find comfort and belonging in their home. Houses are important in shaping human character and behavior, therefore It is necessary to deal with it, especially in today›s time. Home is the place where people need to spend a lot of time in it. They do their own work in it, spend time with their family and give meaning to it by living there, home and humans give two sided meaning. The Issue that home is a meaningful place and nowadays by reducing qualities, it›s means has been greatly faded and homes sometimes are as diminished as a shelter, is the fact that is common in the two perspectives of «phenomenology» and « sacred traditionalism». The point is how the values of home are defined in these two views. Each of these approaches provide a definition of houses which are similar to traditional home. Investigating the similarities is done in conclusion of the study. In fact the question is that which one of the dimensions of the Iranian traditional house are understandable in structure of the two sacred traditionalism and phenomenological approaches, and what are the commonalities and differences between the two approaches in Iranian traditional house. Analysis of Iranian traditional home with this two approaches, is important because both approaches have differences and strengths which can help us in deep and deeper understanding. Nowadays phenomenology is one of the most important approaches of Western which has done many studies to understand the quality of home and its concepts, and it also emphasizes the historical dimension of homes and old houses. Therefore it is one of the most appropriate approaches to recognition of traditional eastern homes, and nowadays its promoting by many theorists in this communities. On the other hand sacred traditionalism approach has an important insights in East, which are supported by religion and eastern view, and offers specific approach in defining architecture and therefore its appropriate for Better understanding of the Iranian traditional homes. The phenomenological interpretation of home is one of the most important qualitative approaches in this area on the world architecture theoretical literature. That little has been done about Iranian homes. Versus in Iran, as in many countries of Eastern spiritually oriented approaches such moral traditionalism are considered more. This study sought to examine that criteria of which of the two views of phenomenology and moral traditionalism is more consistent with the concept of traditional Iranian home And how to use both as complementary approaches can demonstrate unexplored dimensions of Iranian home. The purpose of designing this issue is discovering the meaning of true living in traditional houses as a basis for analyzing in order to correct the process of building box-like and lifeless houses nowadays. Since the Basics of this two Eastern and Western approaches which have been considered by Iranian designers nowadays have differences Scholarly study of the similarities and differences between the two approaches is needed. This study at first defines the Home concepts in terms of moral traditionalists and phenomenologists. Sacred traditionalists are in blive that home is the place in which with declining daily concern man can find a relaxation to think about itself and his God. A peace for growth and development of the member of family and Achieve a feeling of relaxation. To understand the qualities of a home in this view, it is essential to understand the basics of traditional Islamic architecture. Nader Ardalan and Laleh Bakhtiar (1999) introduce the essential elements of traditional Islamic architecture as the key of understanding these principles, which include: Orientation of the space, qualitative Polarization and the relationship between space and symbolic forms . these qualities will be enhanced by perceptional playing in the form of light, geometry and weight. These three elements are the main elements of Islamic architecture introduced by Burckhardt (Sartipipour, 2008). Phenomenologists (Bachelard, 1994) defines the house as a collection of imaginations that provides reasons or delusions of stability. Phenomenologists deem artistic works as the representation of life condition and the architecture as the tangible realization of existential space (Shultz, 1980). Bachelard explores residency in imagination and dreams; accordingly the house is regarded as the inner sanctum (Bachelard.1994). It detaches the type of memories occurred in the house from those be fallen in the world outside in a way that the memories pertaining to the house augment the treasury of our dreams. He introduces the house space as a poetic and romantic space in which understanding of its poetic depth is feasible via the brilliant evocation through poems rather than memories.The concept of «past» is highlighted in the interpretation of the house propounded by Heidegger (2009, p.34); he asserts «like a strayed ship, house is an outstanding piece of the past». The character of houses, are replete with life, peace, and comfort owing to their centralism and introspection as well as to the presence of Nature (yard) in their center. Walls and borders with their unique quality and plentiful penumbra are integral portion of the house and various open spaces in the walls of the rooms impart miscellaneous qualities of the dialectical relationship between Nature and rooms. Due to the spaces with diverse qualities and special manifestation of lights and colors, the rooms are crammed full of fantasy and memorable moments. Secondly the study evaluate the physical of traditional Iranian home with this both approaches. Traditionalists interpret home with symbols such as light, colors and mirrors. According to this Approach, Iranian House has formed from the «yard»,» balcony» and «rooms» which respectively represent the «spirit» and «soul» and «body». In phenomenology approache, Iranian houses are generally center-oriented and the center is nature. Border have defined courtyard and the rooms with diverse qualities. Different openings in wall of the porch and rooms are maked diverse qualities of the dialectic between courtyard and rooms. The character of Iranian home is full of peace and life because of the nature, and full of fancy and memory because of spaces with different qualities, and the special light and color in a room. Finally, by comparing these two approaches a multi-layered system of values in Iranian traditional houses will find. The Uncoordinated principles and features of an Iranian home are also introduced. This study shows that traditional Persian houses are accountable in various aspects and their analysis in different approaches can provide us new valves of this valuable art. For example Iranian traditional houses can response psychological, existential and nature-oriented dimensions of phenomenological approach and heavenly, spiritual and intuition dimensions of traditionalism. The research also shows that Iranian traditional houses has reached to a level of art and truth that can appear different levels of meaning. The spaces of such house, in addition to responding to the daily needs, connect the human life to memories and dreams and is Responsive to different mental needs. Iranian traditional home takes his identity from human and gives identity to him and by engaging the five senses of human beings, helps to connotation understanding of the house.

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Karistan Hatem, a single manuscript which is kept in the manuscript Treasury of the Leipzig University, is the work of a poet named Farid Ibn Ghazfar. This legend is a poetic narration of one of Hatem Tai's stories. The poem gives a description of the mania of the Sham princes named Munir for Hosn Banu, the beautiful queen of Khorasan, and about Hatem's sacrifices that led to their marriage. Although the protagonist of this story is an invincible superhuman, his activism owes much to the dramatic role-play of the women in the story. In the following article, after briefly introducing the manuscript, the story has been deciphered from the viewpoint of the female characters' performance. By giving an in-depth investigation and analysis, it can be concluded that the story is based on the ancient beliefs left over from matriarchy. This claim is corroborated by implications for motherhood, including the city of women, totemism, exogamy, plant God themes, and sacrifice for the mother queen. Another result of this research is to deepen this story and its capacity to accept comprehensive readings of mythology, sociology, and psychology.
Research Background
Although Hatem and his stories, according to Ismaili (2007, p. 21), were very famous in the tenth and eleventh centuries AH, they have not received the due attention of scholars. So, only two related scientific studies can be mentioned. First of all, we should mention Hatam Nameh, which is an edition of two prose narrations of Hatem's story by Ismaili (2007). In the introduction of this book, the editor has mentioned different narrations of the story and a brief description of its features. Another research in this field is the article written by Shakibi Mumtaz and Hosseini (2012). The hero's passing and his attainment of individuality are considered in the final part of the story. Since there is no information about this version in the biography books and sources of the history of literature, it is hoped that the present study will be able to remove this unknown system from the forgetfulness of history and take a step towards the scientific critique of the story.
Aims, questions, and assumptions
Karestan Hatem is a narration of the poem Haft Sir Hatem. From Hatem's oral story, several poetic narrations have been adapted in Urdu, Hindi, Maleh, Dutch, Turkish, and the European languages (Ismaili, 2007, pp. 49-50), which show the extraordinary popularity of this work among the people, but so far in the sources, no adaptation and narration of Persian poetry from the story of Hatem has been mentioned. In Karestan Hatem, women play a key role and they are the cause of the main hero's transformation. The purpose of this article is to explain the position of the female characters in this story and the reason for the formation of this structure. 
In this article, the following questions are investigated:
A. What is the mythological or psychological interpretation of each of the main female characters in the story of Karestan Hatem?
B. From a social point of view, are the women of this system independent and active activists, or does the story have a patriarchal context against which women are subjugated and passive?
Given the reasons presented, the present study seeks to prove the hypothesis that this story, from a mythological and historical perspective, is a representation of the era of motherhood. From a psychological point of view, each of the female characters in the story recreates one of the levels of the human psyche. And socially, most of the women in this story seek to prove their existence in the face of a multifaceted view.
Discussion
Some scholars believe that "women did not have a clear and decisive position in the old patriarchal society, and subsequently, in various genres of literature, but that they usually played a vague, decorative and marginal role, leaving the main roles to men" (Bagheri, 2013, p. 120). However, in some folk tales, women have a very high status.
Anthropologists consider the way of life based on monogamy and agriculture of primitive societies to be the main reason for the formation of matriarchy. They argue that in the Paleolithic period, hegemonic ideas did not exist among primitive and savage prehistoric societies, and that those peoples were equated in access to resources and wealth. Therefore, motherhood does not necessarily mean the superiority of women over men, but that this system is based on the equality of the two sexes (Taheri, 2019, p. 392). The reason for the extraordinary importance of women in such a society has been the secrecy of their fertility. Examining the female characters in this story reveals manifestations of motherhood in the story. Evidence such as the existence of exogamy, sacrifice for the queen mother, and totemism show the roots of feminism in this story.  On the other hand, there are four women with whom Hatem is married four times from the human soul, and this story shows the union of the conscious and the unconsciousness of the hero. From a social point of view, the witchcraft of women and their obligation to accept the customs of society indicates the domination of women in the patriarchal societies, which is presented in different ways in this story.
Conclusion
The public story of Karestan Hatem has frequent symptoms of the matriarchy era.
From a social point of view, this story also reveals signs of the resistance of female characters to the manifestations of a patriarchal society. In this story, we can see a patriarchal atmosphere in which a woman is a means of maintaining power and has no independent voice, falling asleep in magic or becoming a passive creature.
But these signs are diminished by the manifestations of female authority in connection with the days of matriarchy, so far as it gives a feminine texture to the story. On the other hand, many women in this story, from different psychological points of view, are different manifestations of the anima and the subconscious of the psyche. In fact, the story is a series of unification of the hero's conscious and unconscious spheres. Finally, by examining this story from different perspectives, one can get the wide capability of a public story for various interpretations.
References
Bagheri, B. (2013). Active women and passive women in folk prose stories. Popular culture and Literature, 1, 120-142.
Ismaeili, H. (2007). Hatam-Nameh. Moein.
Shakibi Momtaz, N., & Hoseini, M. (2012). The hero's journey in the story Hammame Badgard based on the analytical method of Campbell and Jung. Literary research, 22, 33-63.
Taheri, S. (2019). The social status of women in the ancient civilization of the burnt city. Women in culture and art, 3, 391-411.

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In this paper we have studied the trend and bias of technological change in Iran’s cement industry by dual cost function approach. This approach is useful to estimation of factors demand structure with regard to changes of factors price and technological situation. We estimated a translog cost function in addition to equations system of cost share, using Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equation (SURE) approach during the period 1355-1385. The results show that the rate of technological change has been -1.12 percent during the studied years. It means that there is a decrease in rate of cost of productive units along with time. Furthermore, the results indicate that technological change has been biased towards the use of more energy.

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This paper presents the effect of tilt angle on static and dynamic performance characteristics of two gas-lubricated noncircular journal bearing configurations, namely two and four lobe bearings. The linearized system approach using finite element method is used to obtain both steady state and dynamic characteristics. The results of the investigation show that tilt angle has a significant effect on static and stability characteristics. With an increase in tilt angle, power loss is decreased while stability margins are increased.

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Background: This study aimed to investigate the biofilm formation ability of K. pneumoniae clinical isolates using phenotypic and genotypic methods. Additionally, the association of biofilm formation with antibiotic resistance and the presence of biofilm-related genes was investigated.
Materials & Methods: In this research, a total of 52 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae were collected from educational hospitals affiliated with Babol University of Medical Sciences from March to October 2023. K. pneumoniae isolates were identified through standard microbiological and biochemical tests. Disk diffusion, microtiter plate, and polymerase chain reaction assays were also performed to evaluate the biofilm formation ability of these isolates.
Findings: K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from various clinical specimens. The isolates showed the highest resistance to ceftazidime (54%) and the lowest resistance to amikacin (17%). More than 48% of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Of the 52 K. pneumoniae isolates, 43 (82.69%) isolates produced biofilm, whereas the remaining nine (17.3%) did not. K. pneumoniae isolates harbored biofilm formation genes, including treC (78.84%), wcaG (71.15%), mrkD (65.38%), mrkA (63.46%), iutA (40.38%), and magA (15.38%).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that K. pneumoniae isolates are highly pathogenic because of antibiotic resistance and carrying biofilm genes. Given the biofilm formation propensity of these strains, it is imperative to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae. Developing strategies to inhibit this process is paramount in the effective management of infections caused by this pathogen.

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Staff job satisfaction is very important for assessments leading to organizational devel-opment. Job satisfaction is a general attitude of workers towards with their job and it de-pends on the sum of all factors in organizational relations. The correlates of organiza-tional leadership style such as process of leadership, motivating factors, communication, process of decision making, and characteristics of the control process all directly affect job satisfaction. This study was conducted to determine the correlates of leadership style that affect the job satisfaction of Jihad-e-Keshavarzi staff working in Yazd Province. The population consisted of all the Jihad-e-Keshavarzi staff in Yazd (N=298). The sample was obtained through simple random sampling technique (n=100) and 91 questionnaires were completed and returned. Data was analyzed by SPSS. There was a positive and significant relationship between job satisfaction and the leadership style correlates of the respon-dents (process of leadership, motivating factors, communication, process of decision mak-ing, and characteristics of the control process). The best predicators of job satisfaction were found to be the leadership and communication processes.

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 Identifying resistant genotypes is necessary to control wheat take-all disease Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. In this study, 30 bread wheat genotypes were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. The genotypes were evaluated with fifteen molecular markers (SSR and specific primers for translocation wheat-rye). The genotypes were divided into four groups based on disease severity (the greenhouse) and agronomic traits (the field). Chi-square results showed the interactions for these groupings. The correlation between disease severity and agronomic traits indicated that plant resistance is strongly dependent on plant yield. Based on cluster analysis for molecular data (based on simple matching similarity coefficient and UPGMA method), genotypes were separated into resistant and susceptible ones. The correlation between disease severity and amplified loci showed that disease resistance is interactive with xbarc232, xbarc124, and gpw95001 markers. Resistance to take-all disease is probably associated with the interaction of several genes. These results add significant information to our knowledge of the chromosomal location of genes for the take-all disease.

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 Take-all is a devastating soil-borne disease of wheat Triticum aestivum L. The disease is caused by the pathogenic fungus Gaeumannomyces tritici, a pathogen distributed worldwide in major wheat production areas that causes severe damage to wheat production. Identification of genotypes with the high nutritional value of seeds can be considered in controlling this disease and in wheat breeding programs. Variation of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci was studied using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis in 15 genotypes of bread wheat. A positive correlation was found between 1000-seed weight and the 5 + 10 allele (r = 0.594), indicating that presence of this allele will increase 1000-seed weight. A simple corresponding analysis was conducted to show the relationship between the take-all index and the genetic diversity of genotypes and the association between the bilateral groupings of individuals based on two criteria (genetic diversity and disease response). The result of stepwise regression showed that glutenin subunit null, 7 + 8, 2*, 7 + 9, 5 + 10 have linkage with resistance to take-all disease. Findings are useful in breeding programs to improve baking quality, develop uniformity and improve heterogeneous genotypes by selecting the best genotypes.

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According to the latest report of the International Monetary Fund, the share of the US dollar in the total foreign exchange reserves of the world's central banks is about 63%, while the share of the Euro is 20% and the share of the Yuan is 2.5%. This study argues for the hegemonic position of the dollar in the world economic system and then tries to understand the future scenarios of this position. The ultimate goal of this study was to analyze the solutions of Iran's international banking system to deal with the position of the dollar in the global financial system. In this regard, a qualitative research has been conducted by qualitative content analysis method with the presence of 15 experts in the field of international banking. The data collected through semi-structured interviews have been analyzed and the results indicate that: Continuation of dollar hegemony, replacement with another national currency, strengthening of multilateral currencies and replacement with digital currencies are the four future scenarios of the global financial system. Subsequently, the solutions of Iran's international banking system to deal with it are: development of strategic financial relations with China, conclusion of multilateral monetary agreements, exploitation of digital currencies, and use of non-bank trade mechanisms.

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Inheritance of salinity tolerance was determined in a cross between two spring bread wheat cultivars, "Rovshan" (P1) a tolerant cultivar and "Falat" (P2) a susceptible one. The parents, F1, F2 and backcross generations were studied under salinity conditions (EC= 12 dS m-1) in a greenhouse. Eight characters namely: Heading Date (HD), Plant Height (PH), K+, Na+, K+/Na+ ratio, total Number of Tillers per plant (NT), Ratio of Fertile Tillers per plant (RFT) and total Chlorophyll Content (TC) were recorded to estimate means and variances pooled over replications, according to the weighted generation means analysis method. Generation means analysis of the data revealed that these characters show all types of gene actions (additive, dominance and epistasis) and suggest that complex epistatic effects are important in controlling salt tolerance characteristics. The highest broad sense heritability (0.87) was observed for K+/Na+, indicating the interference of a major gene in control of this trait. Regarding the existence of additive and non-additive effects in controlling traits in this cross, the recurrent selection followed by pedigree breeding may prove useful in improving salinity tolerance in wheat.

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These days biosensors have worthy applications in different fields such as biomedicine, disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, various aspects of the environment, food control, drug production, and assorted sides of medical science. Recently, different types of biosensors such as enzyme biosensors, immune, tissue, DNA, and thermal biosensors have been studied precisely by some research groups. These biosensors have many advantages such as simplicity in implementation, very high sensitivity, automatic performance, intrinsic and natural small size. Another valuable benefit of biosensors is that their high-affinity paring with biomolecules allows sensitive (high-sensitivity) and selective detection from a wide range of analytes. Artificial intelligence (AI) due to its high potency, if combined with biotechnology, like biosensors, can be effective in accurate prediction, diagnosis and treatment of some diseases, including cancer. Today, Machine learning (ML) as one of the branches of AI has become a beneficial tool in analyzing and categorizing obtained data from biosensors for bioanalysis. Using ML algorithms automates the complicated processes of extraction, processing, and assaying data achieved from biosensors. This article is a review for introducing and survey of various biosensors, their applications, and ways to apply them, focusing on cancer and Covid19 which are important diseases in the world obtained from previous studies, as a summary and providing information for researchers which working in this field.
 

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The main purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing knowledge sharing among the personnel of Agricultural Extension and Education Organization in the Iranian Ministry of Jihad-e Agriculture. A survey method was employed for the study, and 110 personnel randomly selected as a sample out of 140 who were busy working in the organization. Data was collected through a questionnaire employed as the tool of the study. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined as 0.93. The personnel were of the belief that knowledge sharing happened in their organization to a large extent. According to the study, there existed significant relationships between the factors of social trust, relational social capital and attitude toward knowledge sharing, and the dependent variable of knowledge sharing. A stepwise regression analysis indicated that relational social capital and attitude towards knowledge sharing could explain about 37 percent in the variations of knowledge sharing.

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Literature review indicates that systemic agricultural Human Resource Development (HRD) interventions are rarely carried out in developing countries, and limited knowledge exists about how successful they have been. A comparative study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of three multi-project HRD interventions including Extension Plans, Adaptation Plans and Diffusion-Push Plans in Fars Province of Iran, and to determine factors correlated with their effectiveness. The research population consisted of 41 target farmers of HRD interventions, whom were all interview surveyed. 41 farmers were also randomly selected from non-plan partners of the same communities as the comparison group. Data were gathered through two separate questionnaires. Face validity was verified by a panel of experts, and reliability was obtained through pilot test. Wilcoxon Test revealed significant differences in HRD levels of interventions partners, before and after the programs, and Mann-Whitney Test showed significant differences between HRD levels of partners and non-partners. Statistically significant correlations were observed between some variables such as supportive environment or plans characteristics and plan effectiveness. The results could improve the understanding of HRD effectiveness and its influencing factors.

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In this paper, the problem of the navigation error effect for the optimal and constraint Trajectory of the UAVs that are required to fly at low altitude over terrains has been discussed. Due to the increasing deviation problem of inertial navigation systems in terms of time, having a safe flight and collision avoidance with terrain at low altitude is the main point in the trajectory design of this type of the vehicles. On the other hand, some of these vehicles use Terrain Contour Matching (TERCOM) as a navigation aiding system. This system is more efficient in rough terrains, and providing the requirements of this system beside other constraints is a complex task. In this paper is tried to meet these constraints in the trajectory design process. For this purpose, an algorithm based on the layered network flow on the digital terrain maps used in a manner that has a high potential in adoption of various constraints and optimal trajectory is generated. Then, using equations of motion on a terrain digital data in 3D space with the dynamical constraints and different optimality criteria, a complete model of navigation error and also parameters affecting TERCOM has been developed to generate feasible path reducing terrain collision probability to zero.. Numerical results show validity of this issue.