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In order to the investigation on the effects of methyl jasmonate on the secondary metabolites of Calendula officinalis L., the plants were grown in a modified Hogland (1/2) solution and were treated with 50 and 100 µm methyl jasmonate. The results indicated that jasmonate treatment decreased lignin content of root but increased lignin content of shoots, in comparison with those of the control plants. However, total content of wall-bound phenolics of roots increased and those of shoots decreased by jasmonate treatment. Anthocyanin content of shoot, decreased by methyl jasmonate. Likewise, flavonoid contents of shoots in both treatments were lower than those of the control plants. Lipid peroxidation rate of roots and shoots did not show significant changes in jasmonate treatments, compared to the control plants. In both control and jasmonate treated plants, α- Cadinol was the most abundant essential oils component. Induction of α-Muureloene with specific antifungal properties in the jasmonate treated plants and increase of it along with increase of jasmonate concentration, suggested that jasmonate can be used in order to induce modifications in secondary metabolism pathway of Calendula officinalis, resulting to produce desired medicinal compounds.

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Language is the house of thought. Feelings, emotions, and thoughts, and all that include in the unconscious mind would manifest through language and by means of linguistic signs. But, what differentiates poetry from ordinary language is the accuracy and elegancy in the selection and composition of discourse elements and syntactic structure which express feelings and emotions in the best way possible. The current research attempts to indicate the most important morphological and syntactic functions of anxiety represented in the poetic language of ForoughFarrokhzad. This research is based on the theoretical framework of chomskyan Generative linguistics with regard to the expression of meaning in syntax and according to psycholinguistic approach. This research has been conducted on fifty poems of Forough among all her poetic works. The results show that the syntax of Forough poetry reflects anxiety due to the selection and composition components of Noun and Verb Phrases, the agreement between components and phrases, the recurrences, and the movements in most cases. Moreover, the lexical categories like Adverbs, Adjectives and Phrases reinforce the resulted Anxiety by the syntactic compositions severely.
           
Introduction
Language bears the feeling, emotion, and thought of man, and it is his most important tool for communication through which he conveys feelings and emotions, contemplates and forms his thought, and determines his own relation with his environment. Naturally, goals and situations influence on the way people use language (which is a unique ability of human being) and identify its form. Therefore, this ability is either activated in the form of spoken, written, or in the shape of sign language, and in the other communicative variants.
Among the various forms of language, the written one which is a basis for text production and is regarded as one of the most significant communicative fields with the audience, has a main role in the humen interactions, and includes a wide range of modes of communication such as the ordinary social conversations, scientific correspondences, emotional intimation, etc. It is obvious that the context, situation, and the communicative goal of the author, his form of applied language becomes different. Accordingly, the linguistic structure of academic texts differs from the non-academic and literary texts.
On the other hand, the literary texts contain prose and verse each of which has specific requirement and necessities. Verse or poetry, as an imaginary speech, possesses a lot of wonderful facilities and potentials which enable the poet to express his feelings and emotions out of the automatic language and its ordinary use.
Then, it is possible to find a way to the mind of the writer by realizing and analyzing his feelings and emotions represented in the text by the study and analysis of the thought of the text producer considering the relation between language and thought on the one hand, and regarding the language as a communicative instrument on behalf of the authors on the other hand.
 
Research questions
How anxiety is reflected in the poem of Forough Farrokhzad? And which evidence does emphasize on this issue in her poems?
Or, how is it possible to describe the existence of anxiety in Foroughʼs poem by means of analyzing the morphological and syntactic features of her language?
 
Research hypothesis
The first assumption is that it seems the type, tense, and the mode of verbs in her poems signify the existence of her anxiety. The second idea is that by the study and analysis of the quality of selection and arrangement, movement of syntactic constituents, some types of repetition and circumlocution, genitive cases and collocations in the poem of Forough, it would be possible to infer her anxiety manifested in her poems.
 
Methodology
In this research, fifty outstanding poems were selected out of five poetry series of Forough Farrokhzad and are analyzed by the descriptive­ analytical method using library­based data.
 
Conclusion
The results of the research state that the linguistic features like the type of verbs, types of statements, the arrangement of words and components, repetition, circumlocution, the movement of syntactic constituents, adjectives, adverbs, genitive cases, and collocations are used in Foroughʼs poem in a way that it is possible to find out her anxiety through its analysis.
All the verb phrases indicate the thoughts of the poet. Some of the verbs in this study are focused on a central concept that convey a mode of expectation. This implies a kind of uncertainty, apprehension, and anxiety in dealing with an indefinite future. The use of verbs in present progressive tense suggest the continuum of this state in the present and future. Moreover, the association of verb, mode, tense and time with the space, scene, and the other words show the existing fear and anxiety in the best way possible.
Regarding the sentences, especially the compound sentences, the dependent clause converts the greater part of inducting the considered concept in an explanatory way. The use of questions and their repetitions indicate the doubt and ambiguity in doing actions. The repetition of words and sentences is a mean to show the importance of the suggested meaning and image by the poet proficiently. The application of contrast and antonym words is another linguistic potentials for conveying her disturbed and agitated inside. The present images are not only created by the topic and vehicle relationship, but also, they are developed by the adjectives, adverbs, and the semantic association of verbs with the context; finally, a specific attention to the selection (paradigmatic) and combination (syntagmatic) relations has a chief role in the reflection and imagination of the inward state. Forough is trying to show her interior anxiety through circumlocution with a detailed expression. The lexicon of Foroughʼs discourse such as the selection of words, adjectives, adverbs, the compound structures, and the collocations which generally belong to the semantic field of phobia and fear, can totally transfer the inside anxiety of the poet to the reader

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One of the important applications of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) in Iran is its use as infill block in Block and Joist Reinforced Concrete Floors. The properties and performance of EPS blocks in this floor system, including reaction-to-fire, mechanical properties, thermal resistance and acoustical performance of the system, was studied. Fire behavior of blocks was tested with ISO 5660 cone calorimeter test method. The fire properties of standard and flame retarded types of EPS were measured and discussed, including time to ignition, average and peak values of heat release rate and total heat release. The influence of type of EPS on its fire behavior was investigated. The results showed that the time-to-ignition and total heat release parameters can not be a characteristic value for distinction between standard and fire retarded types of EPS under cone calorimeter test condition. The reason is that both types are flammable and burn completely at fire temperatures. The peak value of heat release rate (PHRR) of EPS is the most important parameter that can be utilized for distinction of Standard and flame retarded types of EPS with cone calorimeter test method. PHRR values higher than 300 kW/m 2 were achieved for standard types, but the results for flame retarded ones were less than 250 (and mostly less than 200) kW/m     2 . The fire risks of specimens were also evaluated using Conecalc software and Richardson method. The results showed that even flame retarded   EPS needs to be protected with a thermal barrier in building applications. Moreover, it is required that the   protective barrier be mechanically fixed to the structural system, since EPS melts and recedes away heat,   once it is exposed to high temperatures. Hence, it is not able to keep barrier, say plaster, in its position.   The flexural strength of blocks under static and dynamic loads and its relation with density and   dimensions of blocks was evaluated. The results showed that minimum 12 and 14 (kg/m     3 ) density of foam is required respected for 25 and 20 cm of height of blocks with a width of 50 cm. An optimum 27      2 mm was obtained for the width of sitting section of blocks on joists. The influence of different properties and   geometry of EPS block (conductivity, width, height and existence of a thermal covering layer under joists)   on thermal resistance of floor system was also studied. The THERM software, Enery Efficiency and   Renewable Energy Program, was used for evaluation of thermal resistance of the floor. The increase of   height and width of blocks caused improvement in thermal resistance of the floor system, but the best result   was obtained when a thermal covering layer was considered under the joists. The acoustical results showed   that the replace of EPS blocks with hollow clay blocks does not influence importantly the impact sound   insulation of the floor system. Neither of them can fulfill the impact sound acoustical requirements and   need to be improved with an extra system, like a floating floor or an appropriate elastic floor covering for   this purpose.    

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The use of polymeric and flammable building materials has been considerably increased in construction industry of Iran in recent years. Most of these materials are highly flammable and can seriously contribute in growth of a probable fire in buildings. In this research, the fire behavior of some polymeric building materials used as finishes was evaluated with cone calorimeter method at 50 kW/m2. The thermal fire parameters and smoke toxicity produced from the burning specimens were assessed; including time to ignition, flaming duration, peak of heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate, average specific extinction area, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide production. The correlation between the thermal parameters was discussed and it was concluded the total heat release had direct dependence on combustible nature of the material and the surface density and reverse dependence on time to ignition. Meanwhile, the fire toxicity hazard parameters including carbon monoxide production rates and smoke toxicity were evaluated. The smoke toxicity was expressed in terms of the two parameters: fractional effective dose (FED) and toxicity index (LC50). The obtained results showed that the most tested materials had a dangerous behavior in case of fire and can cause flashover in the room. They released considerable amount of heat with high peaks of heat release rate. Especially epoxy, MDF and polycarbonate samples showed a high potential for contribution in fire growth. In addition, the epoxy, PVC and polycarbonate produced the highest amounts of smoke and carbon monoxide. It should be noted that the production amount of carbon monoxide was measured in an open system in which air is circulated with a certain velocity. So in a real fire, these values ​​can be accumulated and increased in the room of fire. Among the tested samples, polycarbonate (PC) and PVC flooring (PVC-F) showed the highest value of FED, however it seems that the assessment of carbon monoxide versus time could provide more important information for assessment of smoke toxicity. The results showed that it is needed to regulate the fire behavior of building finishes and restrict their application in buildings. For this purpose, a fire risk classification was needed, which will be studied in further steps of the research.

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At about 8.00 am of 20th December 2015, a fire started in a shop in Plasco building, located in center of Tehran, which at the end resulted in catastrophic collapse of the building and claimed the lives of 22 fire fighters and other people. According to the findings of the investigations, the main reason of ignition was non-permitted extension of cablings in the shop of the scene; for use of electrical heating devices. Plasco building was constructed before compiling of national building codes of Iran; hence fire safety rules were not properly implemented in the design of the building. This incident took the attention of Iranian society, Engineers and authorities to the need of the improvement of safety of the old buildings, which have been constructed before the establishment of national building code. In the other hand, the national building codes of Iran consists only the requirements for the new buildings and approximately no regulation has been pointed there for existing buildings. The incident was an alarm to the general public and accounted organizations that there might be many other buildings like Plasco in the large cities, which are threatening the safety of the users and the city. Therefore a national committee was appointed to investigate the different aspects of the incident and offers the solutions and measures which should be taken to prevent the similar experiences in the future. One of the subcommittees was accounted to fire engineering studies. The fire safety problems of the building were investigated. Some important shortages were as follows: high fire load in the building, especially because of high content of flammable textiles and clothes, open stairways without a protected shaft, open connection between false ceilings of all shops and corridors in the stories, lack of fire resistant shafts of mechanical installations between floors, lack of fire protection of steel structure, lack of any fire detection and automatic sprinkler in the building. The existing hose-reels didn’t have a regular maintenance and hence they could not be properly used by fire fighting forces. The Plasco was collapsed after about three and half hours of the ignition. Therefore the question was arisen how was the scenario of the fire growth and temperature rise in the building. Different tests were carried out on the sample materials taken from the debris of the building. Heat release rate (HRR) of the sample textiles was measured with cone calorimeter. The place of the building and depot of debris was visited by different special teams. Steel, concrete and other materials, which some of them were molten due to high temperature, was taken for further experimental works. Physical, mechanical, XRD/XRF, petrography and other tests have been carried out, from them only heat release test is discussing in this paper. The results showed high amount of HRR of the burned textile specimen. There were more than 580 mercantile units in Plasco, which most of them were clothing shops or related works. This high content of the textiles and clothing created a high fuel load in the building. Considering the design weaknesses of the building which were pointed out in the above, the fire could rapidly grow in all stories through open connected spaces. A fire modeling was carried out using FDS software and showed how the flames could be raised through windows, shafts and stairways to upper floors. The temperature rise was also investigated by the model. The results showed that the temperature rise, especially in floors 10 and 11 was suit for collapse of structural elements which was widely discussed in report of structure committee. The results also showed that the means of egress was not useable by occupants after only short minutes from the ignition, because of fire and smoke growth in the path.

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The main purpose of this paper is to provide a structured insight into the current state of marketing research in Iran. Therefore, a systematic review of 966 studies published in Persian scientific journals (2001-2015) was conducted. The review of published studies shows that consumer behavior, brand and marketing strategy are the first three subjects that have been considered by researcher and have experienced a growing trend. Findings show that majority of active researchers in marketing have only one published study; therefore, mainstream of research in this field does not reach to its professional maturity. Also, published researches are mainly based on quantitative methods (structural equations modeling and inferential statistical analysis). Using quantitative methods has a direct relationship with the type of data collection and show a significant difference with the growing trend of qualitative research in the international marketing journals.

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The growing importance of university entrepreneurship as a key strategy for innovation and creativity in line with regional capabilities and advantages is of utmost attention these days. The present research has been conducted by taking into account qualitative method and an analytical approach. The statistical population included academic and organizational experts who were selected through purposeful method and the interview continued until a theoretical saturation was reached. Both validity and reliability were put to test. Data were analyzed using MAXQDA2018 software and with three coding steps (instance, main theme, and sub-theme) axes were identified. Based on the research results; university entrepreneurship drivers including "government, industry, society and university" higher education planning including "culture, labor, geography and history", effective governance factors including "strategic, regulatory and upstream document", institutional factors including "formal and informal institutions", dynamic compliance mechanisms including "identifying opportunities and capabilities of the region, tailoring and meeting the needs of regions" Suggested values ​​including "innovation, opportunism and utilitarianism were identified as "international, national, environmental and strategic strategies", evaluation including "micro and macro evaluation" and outcomes including "economic, political, social / cultural consequences" were identified. This research provided a practical model by systematizing and completing the "triple, quadruple and quintile" helical models. In the context of Iran, the excellence of higher education and the development of university entrepreneurship based on regional capabilities and advantages were presented.