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Growth, sex ratio and age of 188 specimens of Tench, Tinca tinca, from Anzali wetland were recorded during Nov. 2013 to June 2014. The age range of fish was 0⁺ to 6⁺ years. Male to female sex ratio was 1:1.7 that differed significantly (P<0.05). Maximum total length (TL) and weight (W) was 40.7 cm and 1000g, respectively. The b value of the length-weight relationship was 2.70 that showed negative allometric growth (p<0.05). The growth performance index (ϕ) was calculated as 2.61. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters were (L_∞= 47.48 cm, k= 0.18 yr^- and t₀= -1.07 yr). T_maxwas calculated 16.41 years. Also infinity weight (W_∞) was estimated as 1261.43 g. The present investigation provides basic information about population structure of Tench (T. tinca) in Anzali wetland.

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This essay denotes the context for observation of cultural behavior of the sixth decade according to cultural formation and discourse analysis of this decade, those groups into the same historical era who have the same experience from the particular social occurrence - the WAR and holy defense. In this analysis of generation dependencies, theories, judgments and common values are studied about stable phenomenon, common meanings which is in the field of experience from the hidden generation, and transfer in this decade narrative stories. In this present essay to understand the interrelation of generations for narrative authors, we assist two terms: 1. the qualification that bring social sources and areas for this changes, and 2- the qualifications that come to form the content and ideological setting, and shows that traditional revolutionary ideological discourse creates a vast array of new ideas through the production processes, selection, and institutionalization which in significant way deployed the ideology of official and cultural deep-seated institutions. This discourse is a function of cultural formulations of sixth decade that is created in order to the crisis in moral system, resources mobilization, and the formation of chains of interaction among the cultural elites. In this cultural context, narrative authors advocated dominant discourse with their new ideas and provoked the answers of the other actors in the present social environment. The Cycle of “idea- answer- idea” is one of the methods and mechanisms of action that acts through the chains of action with formation of repeated dominant discourse. In this way, social experiences of the authors in this period, are as same as the ideological elements with positive and negative elements were recorded and written.

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This article examines the reproduction of gender identity in Dowlatabadi’s short story “The Man” in the light of Judith Butler’s theory of Gender Performativity. It investigates the cultural function of identity and the way language discursively reflects the role of the unestablished identity in the story. It also presents new outlooks towards language performativity of the male/female dichotomy. What this article focuses on is an individual's identity, and language, exploring the concept of gender performativity.
Butler asserts that performativity is a ritualized production and a constrained reiteration of cultural intelligibility under the compulsory prohibition pressed by the power regimes. The culturally-acquired gender is crafted based on the socially recognizable standards, which form the directionality of the self-representation. A Gender is an act that requires a repeated performance in ritual and social dramas. She declares that one is not born but rather becomes a subject whose gender is a discursive construction that defines his/her body. Moreover, the gendered subjects were subordinated to the language that interpellated them, so that each individual became a linguistically stylized occasion.
Dowlatabadi’s main character in this story undergoes transfiguration from childhood to adulthood affected by the social upheavals leading him towards his crafted and gendered identity formation. His father’s roles are resignified through the reiteration and imitation of the gendered and naturalized regulations. Surveying “The Man” elucidates that gender identity is an imitation, which leads the character to resignify and recontextualize the parodic gender reproductions. Therefore, the established discourses gave the agent the feasibility to establish his intelligible social existence.
Springing from the discussion about gender performativity of Dowlatabadi’s character, the article concluded that identity is a phantasmatic construction. What an individual performes is a non-intrinsic parody of the culturally constructed regulations. It can be concluded that identity is established by the power of language that interpellates the subjects.
 
 

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 to enhance the closed loop performance in presence of disturbance, uncertainties and delay a double loop mixture of MPC and robust controller is proposed. This double loop controller ensures smooth tracking for a 3-axis gyro-stabilized platform which has delay intrinsically. This control idea is suggested to eliminate high frequency disturbances and minimize steady state error with minimum power consumption in simulation and experiment. Proposed controller based on the combination of ℋ₂ and ℋ_∞ controllers in the inner control loop shows the robustness of the proposed methodology. In the outer loop to have a good tracking performance, an integrated MPC is used to handle delay in system dynamics. Also, the main idea for dealing with uncertainties is using integral and derivative of platform attitude. In the proposed platform, the ℋ_∞ controller is compared with ℋ_∞/ℋ₂ controller in KNTU laboratory in theory and experiment. Results of experimental set up shows the same reaction of two controllers against disturbance and uncertainties in delayed system.

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Objective: Nowadays, as the field of neural tissue engineering advances, the fabrication and application of combined structures open a new window of research for the regeneration of nervous system injuries. In this study, chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)-carbon nanotube nanocomposites has been exploited as scaffolds. Materials and Methods: Electrospinning was used to fabricate chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)-carbon nanotube scaffolds. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the chemical and physical structure of the electrospun scaffolds. Then, the biocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated using MTT assay and Neutral red assay. Results: The results showed that the chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)-carbon nanotube nanocomposites have suitable structural and morphological aspects for human brain-derived cells growth and proliferation. Therefore, the cells could maintain their usual morphology while adhering to the surface of the nanocomposites due to an appropriate biocompatibility of the scaffolds. Conclusion: Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)-carbon nanotube nanocomposites could enhance the proliferation of human brain-derived cells due to their proper structure and biocompatibility.

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Objectives: Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major life-threatening pathogen for hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Specific tests are used for the diagnosis and monitoring of CMV infection in transplant patients. This study evaluates the performance of pp65 antigenemia and qualitative PCR assays for monitoring CMV in such patients. Methods: We analyzed 179 clinical samples from 41 patients by using a validated home-brewed qualitative PCR and a commercial antigenemia assay. The obtained results were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR as the gold standard. Results: CMV was observed in 26.8% of samples analyzed by the antigenemia assay and in 42.6% of the samples by qualitative PCR. Among 179 clinical samples, 50.8% were negative and 21.2% were positive by both assays. On the other hand, 26.3% were only positive by qualitative PCR whereas 1.7% were positive by the antigenemia assay. A comparison of the results with real-time PCR showed that qualitative PCR has a higher sensitivity than the antigenemia assay (98.7% vs. 45.7%). The specificity of both assays was equal (96.8%). Quantitative results of the antigenemia assay showed good correlation with real-time PCR (r=0.715; p<0.001). Conclusion: Both the qualitative PCR and antigenemia assays have special deficiencies for efficient diagnosis of CMV infection. Therefore, effective management of CMV infection in transplant patients requires the use of other sensitive quantitative methods such as qPCR.

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Transportation Discrete Network Design Problem (TDNDP) is defined as the problem of selecting a subset of proposed projects (i.e. new highways) for construction, while holding the budget constraint, so as to minimize the total travel time of the network users. TDNDP has been often known as a problem with the bi-level programming formulation. At the upper level, this formulation allows for finding the optimal selection of the projects, while taking into account the route choice behavior of network users at its lower level. Such a formulation falls into the category of problems in the NP-Hard complexity class. These are resource-intensive problems which have not been exactly solved yet with any efficient algorithms. As a result, the main body of TDNDP related literature has ignored the exact solution of the problem and addressed TDNDP through heuristic and meta-heuristic approaches. These approaches contribute to find a rather high quality solution in a reasonable amount of time. Using heuristic and meta-heuristic algorithms is one way to overcome the complexity of NP-Hard problems like TDNDP. However, application of parallel computing still remains as another way to speed up the performance of such algorithms. Parallel computation aims at harnessing multiple computing resources, e.g. computer processors, to solve a certain problem. Different parallelization paradigms have been developed so far to parallelize solution algorithms. These paradigms generally address the two fundamental questions of how and when the required information should be exchanged among the processors. A master-slave (MS) parallelization paradigm is one of the basic paradigms in which one processor, namely the master, holds the main information of the problem. The master generates new jobs whenever needed, distributes them among other processors (i.e. slaves), and exploits them to work on the sent jobs. This paper is going to explore the application of parallel computation in a meta-heuristic algorithm in TDNDP. A parallel Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA), based on the study of Poorzahedy and Abulghasemi, is proposed with the MS parallelization paradigm. The Chicago Sketch transportation network is considered as a case study with 16 bi-directional proposed projects. The results are reported in three runs over a cluster of 8 processing cores for both single-core and parallel ACAs. According to the performances observed in this paper, parallel algorithms can achieve high quality solutions in 4000 seconds, while this happens for the single-core algorithms in 10000 seconds. The parallel ACA finds the exact solution of the problem in two instances out of three runs and in the other instance it converges to a solution with 0.07 percent error from the exact solution. The parallel performance of ACA is also reported along with that of the branch and bound algorithm. It is observed that the parallel branch and bound algorithm requires more than 32000 seconds running time to find the exact solution of the problem. More accurate comparisons, however, can only be achieved by running the single-core and parallel ACAs more than the three times used in this paper.

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In this paper the problem of optimal multiple-burn injection of a satellite into geostationary orbit using an upper stage with a limited thrust and restart capability, and comparison with sub-optimal case is considered. The goal is finding thrust vector angle, times of the engine firings and optimal duration of active phases of the upper stage so as to minimize fuel consumption and to meet desired boundary conditions. The contribution of this research is developing an accurate and rapid convergence algorithm for solving multiple-burn trajectory for satellite injection into geostationary orbit. To solve the multipoint boundary value problem, an improved indirect shooting method with high performance and modified Newton’s method is presented and used for optimal solution. Moreover, the novel method presented for multi burn problem, not only has very good accuracy, but also, it converges very fast to the desired end conditions. Various flight sequences with multiple burns are considered and the optimal trajectory with minimum fuel consumption criteria, for each flight sequence is derived. The verification and validation of the proposed algorithm is made via comparison with references. Finally, the results of optimal solutions are compared with the results of sub-optimal solution which its thrust direction is aligned to the velocity vector direction.

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Iran is located in the warm and dry region of the Middle East, where summer temperature ranges from 35 to 50 0C in the majority of the regions. Some critical factors including hot weather, population growth, and reduction in water resources as a highly impressive factor in the recent decades, all have underlined more efficient use of power plant in Iran, such that the existing power plants must function properly in simultaneous generation. Thus, the current research presents a techno-economic analysis of the function of a combined cycle unit under the condition of conversion into a water and power co-generation system. In the system, both membrane and thermal water sweetener mechanisms are used in parallel. The performance of the system in different conditions of water and power demand has been investigated. The results show that when the Thermal and Revers Osmosi are in the system alone, they can produce about 7,000 and 1,400,000 cubic meters of fresh water per day.Following the modelling of the system, the economic analysis was also performed, and Changes in the price of water sales are shown in each of the water desalination units with increased capacity. Finally, considering the average water sale price as a objective function and combined cycle efficiency as another function, two-objective optimization was performed, and the results are presented in the form of Pareto Graph, which the highest efficiency and lowest sale price are 0.454 and 1.511, respectively

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The most important application of nanotechnology in the food industry is the production of active packaging with antimicrobial properties, packaging with special mechanical properties in terms of gas and heat exchange and nanosensors in intelligent packaging. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of silver and copper nanocomposites on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Nanocomposites containing silver and copper nanoparticles in 1, 3, 5 and 7% percentages were produced by extrusion method and were subjected to nanometric analysis. Then, the antimicrobial test of nanocomposites was performed on commercial strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by measuring the inhibition of growth in the culture medium.  The data showed that the size of copper and silver nanoparticles was in the range of 20 to 50 nm and the dispersion of nanoparticles on the surface of nanocomposites was uniform with high purity. Antimicrobial test of nanocomposites showed that with increasing the percentage of nanoparticles, the diameter of the growth inhibition of nanocomposites increased significantly and the rate of inhibition of growth of silver nanoparticles was higher than copper (p≤0.05).  Staphylococcus aureus was more sensitive to copper and silver nanoparticles than Escherichia coli (p≤0.05). The results of the present study showed that silver and copper nanocomposites with high antimicrobial properties can be used for food packaging.

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Retaining walls have many applications of geotechnical activities, the most important of which is the control of lateral soil pressure. There are several methods for restraining retaining walls, including mechanical restraints buried in the soil. Plate anchors are categorized as the no-grout mechanical anchors ith the capabilities such as withstanding foundation uplift, stabilizing wind turbine and marine platforms, and anchoring submerged and buoyant pipelines. In this paper, the performance of the retaining wall restrained by single-plate and double-plate restraint under constant strain loading, which includes the load-bearing capacity of the wall, horizontal displacement and the effect of loading heel distance to wall height, is investigated. The effect of the mentioned cases on the shape of the wedge rupture has been observed by particle image velocimetry (PIV) method. Taking into account the scale coefficient of 0.1 and applying static loading in plane strain conditions, the test chamber with dimensions of 120 cm in length, 50 cm in width and 80 cm in height has been modeled and constructed. One side of the chamber is covered with 2 cm thick Plexiglas to observe the performance of the wall against the test variables. The chamber is filled with poorly graded sandy soil (SP) of Sufyan region of East Azerbaijan province with a specific weight of 16.67 kN / m3 and an internal friction angle of 28 ° and a constant density in the form of dry precipitation. The mechanical loading system consists of a loading jack coupled with a digital display and a load cell with an accuracy of 0.1 g placed on the ground, which can be measured by rotating the loading shaft at each stage, the amount of force applied to the loading heel and also The opening of the jack is measured by a displacement gauge with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. Accordingly, the lowest horizontal displacement and the highest bearing capacity are related to the control of two plates with the same surface. The first step is without load and the first image is formed from the soil surface without deformation. This work was continued in a total of 7 steps until reaching a settlement of 35 mm of the loading heel, followed by shooting at the end of each loading stage. Accordingly, the lowest horizontal displacement and the highest bearing capacity are related to the double plate with the same surface. Decreasing the ratio of loading heel distance to wall height has shown more load-bearing capacity and less horizontal displacement in the wall. According to the analysis of PIV results, the particle strain at the critical slip surface is obtained in double plate inhibitions smaller than the single plate inhibition, and by reducing the ratio of loading heel distance (D) to wall height (H), the amount of soil particle strain has increased significantly (the performance of the retaining wall has weakened) and by increasing the ratio of loading heel distance to wall height, the effect of inhibitory plates in control Horizontal displacement and increased bearing capacity (retaining wall performance has been improved). In this regard, by reducing the ratio of loading heel distance to wall height, the restraint behavior of single and double plates has become more similar and their effect on wall performance has been observed with a slight difference in the strain of soil particles.

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Side weirs are a type of hydraulic structures used for different purposes in water transition systems, water supply, flow diversion and flood control important. Side weir, is a key structure in transition of urban sewage; the advantage of this  structure in urban sewage is the pre treatment of the diverted flow due to side weir height which is in environmental engineering. The flow on these structures is spatially varied flow type with decreasing discharge. Spatially varied flow is a type of steady flow with decreasing or increasing discharge along the channel. To analyze this flow, its necessary to know the velocity distribution and the values of the  kinetic energy correction factor (α) and the momentum correction factor (β).However due to complexities concerned with this type of flow and experimental limitations there hasn't been enough study on the velocity distribution  for this kind of flow . In this research the velocity distribution in a rectangular side weir has been investigated using a commercial software. Before performing the numerical analysis it's necessary to check the software's ability in modeling the  3D flow on the side weir. Experimental data of Jalili Ghazizadeh (1994) has been used for verification. In these experiments side weir lengths 20,30,45,75 (cm) and side weir heights 1, 10, 19 (cm) has been used while discharge in the main channel varied from 43 to 90 (lit/s). The simulation boundary conditions are volume flow rate discharge for upstream boundary,the "wall" for wall and "symmetry" boundary conditions for water surface. The only difference in boundary conditions for subcritical and supercritical flow is in downstream boundary condition which is "specified pressure" for supercritical flow and "specified velocity" for subcritical flow used respectively. Turbulence model is RNG in all simulations. Comparing the results shows that the software is capable of calculating  the discharge passing the rectangular side weir with a good accuracy for both subcritical and supercritical flows. Therefore, based on obtained results we can conclude that the commercial software is capable of simulating 3D flow on rectangular side weir and the results obtained from performing analysis with this software can be cited. Velocity distribution, correction factors for kinetic energy and momentum were studied in detail . In the case of subcritical flow on the side weirs, water in the main channel and downstream area of the side weir has been observed to seperate in the opposite direction of the main channels, there for it is important to study these areas. A noticeable point is that although large amounts of simulation points have (α) and (β) close to one, simulation results show that (α) and (β) can not be considered  equal to one for the  whole cases. The variation of (α) and (β) in side weirs length in this research were ascending. Based on existing simulation results, new equation between (α) and (β) for subcritical and supercritical flow and quantification of separating area were proposed. Results of this research can help side weir designers to have a better understanding of the complex 3D flow on side weirs.
 
 

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The increasing consumption of non-renewable energy sources such as oil and gas and reducing their reserves make it more necessary to pay attention to clean and renewable resources. In this situation, wind energy is known as one of the safest options for generating electrical energy. In this study, with the aim of evaluating the impact of climate change on the economic and environmental characteristics of wind turbines, numerical modeling was developed in MATLAB software. In order to evaluate the effects of the mentioned parameters as a case study, this numerical modeling for the parameters expressed in 4 cities of Iran, including Rasht, Tehran, Abadan, and Sanandaj, as the representatives of the main climates of Iran has been analyzed. According to the results of the economic point of view, which represents the Levelized cost of the energy production unit, Abadan was recognized as the most economical case with a   Levelized cost of  1.04 $ per kilowatt-hour of energy. Also, the environmental aspect of the analysis, which is based on the life cycle assessment method, considering the amount of carbon dioxide produced during the system life cycle and its pricing based on penalty policies, Rasht with a mild climate and emissions of 156 kg. Carbon dioxide per year and the lowest fine cost (annual cost $ 2.26) showed the most suitable option among other cities.

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Plant extracts and nanoparticles prepared from them due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties can be used to increase the shelf life of meat. In the present study, the biodegradable film of polylactic acid containing silver nanoparticles synthesized from Satureja rechingeri extract on the physicochemical and microbial properties of chicken fillet at refrigerated temperature was investigated. So that the control sample (code 1), chicken fillet coated with biodegradable film of polylactic acid (code 2), chicken fillet coated with biodegradable film of polylactic acid containing Satureja rechingeri extract (code 3) and the Chicken fillet coated with biodegradable polylactic acid film containing silver nanoparticles synthesized from Satureja rechingeri extract (code 4) at 4°C in chemical, microbial and sensory properties at intervals of 0, 3, 7 and 14 The days were examined. The results showed that the mean diameter of the growth inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria for Satureja rechingeri extract containing silver nanoparticles was significantly higher than Satureja rechingeri extract (p≤0.05). In all the studied days except the first day, the lowest pH of thiobarbituric acid belonged to sample 4 (p≤0.05). Also, on the third and seventh days, the highest L* color component belonged to sample 4 (p≤0.05). On all the examined days, except on the first day, the lowest population of mesophilic bacteria, psychrophilic bacteria, coliform, Staphylococcus aureus, mold and yeast, and mold and yeast, as well as the highest score of all sensory factors (odor, color, texture, overall acceptance) belonged to sample 4 (p≤0.05).Sample 4 was selected as the superior treatment for higher sensory score and more desirable microbial properties.
 

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This article is an attempt to study subject formation in relation to gender in Margaret Atwood's (1939-    ) Surfacing (1979) and Bodily Harm (1983) within the frame of the uncanny. The issue of gender has been discussed in Atwood's novels from different perspectives but this article claims that what have been rarely discussed in Atwood's novels are the unrepresentable realities in relation to gender which can be foregrounded by dislodging the uncanny. The uncanny which was once a rather  minor issue in Freudian oeuvre has been reconsidered in the contemporary era by prominent thinkers, such as Jean-François Lyotard and Julia Kristeva whose ideas are used in elaborating the unrepresentability of gender in this article. The idea of the female sublime is the most significant issue in the context of the uncanny in this article which challenges any representational system of gender formation and problematizes our preconceived hence familiar perceptions of gender formation and reevaluates them in an unfamiliar, dynamic and unrepresentable space.